the purpose of all hotel business activities is to make profits. An enterprise can't survive without profit. The finance department is responsible for collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing and analyzing currency transactions and the results and conclusions drawn therefrom in the hotel's economic activities, and providing management information for the general manager to make business decisions.

Financial management

Meeting accounting management

1. Accounting principles

(1) Abide by the relevant provisions of laws, regulations, rules and policies of the People's Republic of China and approved agreements and contracts.

(2) The fiscal year adopts the calendar year system. That is, it is an accounting system from October 1 to February 31 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

(3) debit and credit double entry bookkeeping method is adopted.

(4) bookkeeping is based on the accrual basis. That is, all realized income and used expenses in this period, regardless of whether the money is received or not, should be accounted for as income and expenses in this period. Any income and expenses that do not belong to the current period, even if the money has been received and paid in the current period, should not be treated as income and expenses of the current period.

(5) All accounting vouchers, account books, statements and other accounting records must be registered according to the actual economic business, so that the procedures are complete, the contents are complete, accurate and timely.

(6) The monetary unit for bookkeeping is RMB. Vouchers, account books and statements are all written in Chinese.

(7) The calculation of all income and expenses must be coordinated with each other, and must be registered and accounted for in the same period, and should not be out of touch, and should not be advanced or postponed.

(8) Draw a clear line between capital outflow and income expenditure, and do not confuse each other.

(9) The accounting treatment methods must be consistent in each period before and after, and shall not be changed arbitrarily. If there is any change, it must be approved.

(11) Establish an internal audit system, with clear economic responsibilities for payment, receipt and custody of property and materials, occurrence of creditor's rights and debts, and liquidation of various economic businesses, with legal vouchers and visas audited by authorized personnel.

2. Accounting subjects

(1) Assets

① Cash

Each cash item is divided into RMB and foreign exchange.

check the cash on hand in the hotel, and find the petty cash and petty cash.

set up "cash book", and register daily according to the receipt and payment voucher and the order of business occurrence.

② bank deposits

Calculate all kinds of deposits deposited by the hotel in the bank.

"According to different currencies, such as RMB and foreign currency (mainly converted into US dollars), we set up" deposit journal "respectively, and register one by one according to the receipt and payment vouchers, and make a balance.

RMB is used as the accounting unit, and deposits in US dollars or other foreign currencies are registered at the same time as the amount of foreign currency, converted into RMB at the bank exchange rate of the day.

③ Accounts receivable

Calculate the debts owed by the other party in the operating income of hotel commercial buildings, apartment buildings, restaurants, shopping malls and their affiliated projects.

different items such as travel agency, company, unit, guest account, credit card, tenant, street account, etc., and separate accounts are set up according to groups or individuals.

set up a special person to be responsible for the collection of accounts, and find out the reasons for the accounts that cannot be recovered, investigate the responsibilities and obtain relevant certificates. Approved by the chief financial officer and general manager, and converted into bad debt losses.

④ Other receivables

Other receivables not included in accounts receivable, including deposits, insurance compensation payable, etc.

accounting shall be conducted according to different currencies and the monthly schedule prepared by the debtor.

⑤ prepaid expenses

Accounting for various expenses that have occurred, but should be borne by the current period and subsequent periods respectively, such as prepaid insurance premiums.

fees paid with a small amount and not more than RMB (determined by the hotel) are not included in this course.

Generally, each prepaid expense will be allocated within 1.2 months.

⑥ Inventory

Accounting for the raw materials, oily materials, semi-finished products, cigarettes, wine, drinks and other commodities used for food production in restaurants, as well as materials and supplies stored in warehouses that have not been used yet, and various packaging containers reserved for packaging and selling food.

the inventory of each responsibility shall be managed by special personnel according to different types of warehouses, and a subsidiary ledger shall be set up for registration according to the product name, and the inventory shall be counted regularly.

⑦ Other current assets and deposits

Current assets that do not belong to the above six subjects belong to this account.

according to different types or projects, prepare a detailed list for accounting every month.

⑧ Fixed assets

Calculate the original price of all fixed assets.

the so-called fixed assets refer to houses, buildings, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment and other equipment with a service life of more than one year or a unit price of more than RMB (determined by the hotel).

the first batch of business equipment purchased, such as linen, porcelain glassware, gold and silver wares, etc., are fixed assets, although they are less than RMB (determined by the hotel).

⑨ Accumulated depreciation

Calculate the depreciation standard of fixed assets, extract depreciation by project, and set up a registration card for registration.

according to the spirit of the cooperative operation contract, the amount of depreciation withdrawn every month is given priority to the return of capital.

attending start-up expenses (referring to newly-built hotels)

calculate the expenses paid for organizing enterprises. How many months after the opening of this course is amortized is determined by the hotel. The funds obtained from the monthly apportionment are given priority for returning to investors.

⑾ Other deferred expenses

Calculate the expenses that have a large amount of one-time payment and take a long time to get results, such as equipment maintenance fees, advertising fees, fixed assets update before the principal and interest are paid off.

each item usually needs to exceed RMB 1,111,111 or be determined by the hotel.

according to the project, the cost will be transferred on schedule according to the effective time.

(2) Liabilities

① Accounts payable

Accounting for purchased equipment, supplies, food raw materials and drinks used in restaurants, and arrears due from receiving labor services.

for companies with large current accounts and frequent current accounts, separate ledgers shall be set up according to different currencies and company accounts.

② Payable wages

Calculate all kinds of wages payable to employees in this period, including fixed wages, floating wages, bonuses and subsidies.

according to the subsidiary ledger of wages payable.

③ Taxes payable

Calculate various taxes payable, such as consolidated industrial and commercial tax, income tax and license tax.

set up subsidiary ledger registration according to tax types.

④ Other accounts payable and taxes

Accounting accounts payable and taxes payable, including fees payable, compensation payable, deposits received, various temporary receipts and advance receipts, etc.

make a detailed list for accounting according to different categories, currencies and creditors every month.

⑤ Accrued expenses

Calculate the expenses within the range of how much RMB is paid in one lump sum, which are accrued into costs and expenses but have not been actually paid. Exceeding the scope must be approved by the authority unit or personnel.

set up a subsidiary ledger according to the nature of expenses.

⑥ Social labor insurance fund

Calculate the social labor insurance fund withdrawn according to regulations. This subject should be earmarked for special purposes.

⑦ investment to be repaid

This account is a loan account, which is used to calculate the amount of investment that should be returned this year, and the amount should be remitted but not remitted.

(3) Capital category

① Paid-in capital

Accounting total capital.

set up a subsidiary ledger according to the investor's account name.

② Repayment of capital

This account is a debit account, and the same amount of annual undistributed profit plus depreciation of fixed assets and promotion and start-up expenses is allocated for capital repayment, and the accumulated amount is the total amount of repayment.

③ Profit of this year

Calculate the total profit (or loss) realized in this year.

at the time of annual settlement, the balances of operating income, operating costs, expenses, exchange gains and losses, non-operating income and expenditure are transferred to this account respectively, and the profits (or losses) realized this year are shown in this account, and finally the balance is transferred to "undistributed profits".

④ Distributing profits

Accounting the distribution of hotel profits and the balance after profit distribution over the years

(4) Profit and loss categories

.

operating income is divided into:

hotel income: rooms, restaurants, entertainment, SPA, mini-bar, car rental, etc.

income from residential buildings: rental of high-grade apartments and other income from buildings.

income from commercial buildings: rental of office buildings and other income from buildings.

Shopping mall income: self-operated shopping mall income, rental of shopping malls and other income of shopping malls.

other income: those that do not belong to the above income are classified as other income.

② Business tax

According to the different tax rates of various business incomes, the consolidated industrial and commercial tax, land use fees and other expenses and taxes that should be borne in this period are calculated.

account and register separately according to various business taxes.

③ direct cost of business department.

accounting for direct costs paid in the course of business.

④ Direct expenses of business departments

Accounting can divide the expenses incurred by various departments.

according to the division of various departments of operating income, it is the sub-item and breakdown of the undergraduate program.

Except for the subhead "Salary and related expenses", the other subheads are named according to the different nature and needs of each department or business.

⑤ expenses of non-operating departments

salaries and related expenses: all salaries and related expenses belonging to administrative and general departments, such as engineering department, our company and human resources department, are included in this project.

other indirect expenses: such as administrative and general expenses, marketing expenses, property maintenance and maintenance expenses, and energy supply expenses.

The subheads of the above four categories of expenses will be named according to different nature and needs.

⑥ non-operating income and expenditure

exchange gains and losses: accounting for exchange gains and losses due to exchange rate differences, and taking the realized amount as. The book balance of foreign currency accounts will not be adjusted due to the change of bookkeeping exchange rate.

insurance premium and loan interest: various expenses of housing and internal insurance and expenses of interest required for normal operation (this subject can be offset by interest income from bank deposits).

Profit and loss of assets sold: calculate the difference between the net income of fixed assets scrapped or sold in advance and the net value of the fixed assets with a unit price of more than RMB (determined by the hotel).

⑦ Promotion and start-up expenses

The start-up expenses incurred in preparation for opening are shared monthly.

The amortized start-up expenses raised in the hotel business activities are used to return the investment capital.

⑧ Depreciation of fixed assets

Calculate the monthly depreciation expense of fixed assets.

the withdrawn depreciation funds are usually used to return the investment capital.

pet-name ruby investment interest

calculate the interest payable on schedule according to the total investment.

the interest amount is used to repay the interest of the capital.

3. Accounting of the main links of accounting

(1) Accounting of monetary funds and current accounts.

(2) Inventory accounting.

(3) Accounting of fixed assets.

(4) Accounting of costs and expenses.

(5) Accounting of operating income and profit.

(6) Accounting of invested capital.

4. Accounting vouchers and accounting books

(1) Every time an economic transaction occurs, the original vouchers must be obtained or filled in. All kinds of original documents must be true in content, complete in procedures and accurate in figures. Self-made original vouchers are signed by the person in charge of the handling business department and the handling personnel.

(2) Accounting vouchers include payment vouchers and payment vouchers. All kinds of accounting vouchers must indicate the date, number, business content summary, accounting subjects, amount, etc. After being signed by the creator, the designated auditor and the person in charge of the accounting department, the account shall be kept accordingly.

all kinds of accounting vouchers, together with the original vouchers paid, must prove the type of vouchers, the number of sheets, the starting and ending numbers, the year and month to which they belong, and be signed and filed by the relevant personnel, and must not be lost. For some important vouchers that need to be kept forever, they should be kept separately, and notes should be added to the original vouchers and related accounting vouchers.

(3) All vouchers issued to the outside world should be numbered in turn, and copies or stubs should be kept for themselves. The contents and amount recorded on the copies or stubs must be consistent with the original. Copies and stubs should be kept properly. The original of an invalid foreign voucher written by mistake or withdrawn shall be attached to the original numbered copy or stub. In case of shortage or irrecoverability, the reasons shall be indicated on the copy or stub.

(4) Important blank vouchers that have not been used, such as checkbooks and cash receipts, should be registered in a special register set up by the accounting department, and properly kept to prevent loss. When collecting, it should be approved and registered by the designated personnel and signed by the recipient.

(5) The account book recorded by the computer has the advantage that it cannot be altered or the handwriting can be erased with faded medicine. When an error occurs, it can only be corrected by filling in a separate accounting voucher.

account books and accounting vouchers recorded by hand shall not be scraped or supplemented; If the handwriting is altered or erased with faded liquid medicine, the error shall be corrected by crossing the line or filling in the bookkeeping voucher book separately according to the nature and specific situation of the error. When the line is crossed and corrected, the bookkeeper shall stamp or sign the correction place.

(6) All kinds of account books should be registered according to the original vouchers, bookkeeping vouchers and voucher summary tables that have been verified without error, and the date of occurrence, voucher number, business content summary and amount should be recorded item by item.

5. Accounting files

(1) All kinds of accounting files such as accounting vouchers, accounting books and accounting statements should be properly kept and must not be lost or damaged.

(2) Annual accounting statements, accountants' audit reports, etc. must be kept for a long time, and the storage period of general accounting vouchers, voucher books and monthly and quarterly accounting statements should be at least 15 years.

(3) when the accounting files need to be destroyed after the expiration of the storage period, a list must be made, and they can only be destroyed after being reviewed by the leaders and reported to the higher authorities and the tax authorities for approval. The list of destroyed accounting files should be kept for a long time.

management of the accounting department of hotel financial management

1. Responsibilities of the chief financial officer

(1) Authority

① Responsible for the attendance and performance appraisal of the heads of the departments under their management, and have the right to praise and criticize, reward or punish them according to their management performance.

② have the right to suggest to the general manager the appointment and removal of management cadres in the departments under their control.

③ have the right to appoint and dismiss employees below the foreman.

④ have the right to handle all the daily business and routine work of the department in charge.

⑤ Have the right to assign work and production tasks to subordinates, give them instructions and make work plans.

⑥ according to the actual situation and work needs of the department, have the right to increase or decrease employees and mobilize their work.

(2) Responsibilities

① Be responsible for the general manager and the overall work of the accounting, purchasing and property management departments.

② control the budget and guide the formulation of hotel management policies.

③ manage cash flow, payment for goods and currency exchange.

④ carry out all the tasks assigned by the general manager and handle the daily business of the department in charge.

⑤ review and instruct the business statements and work reports of various departments.

⑥ preside over the daily business meetings and ministerial meetings of each department, conduct business analysis, make business decisions and formulate cost control plans.

⑦ Attend the regular meetings and business coordination meetings between the director level and department managers convened by the general manager, and establish good public relations.

⑧ Plan and supervise the work of subordinates, and train them to continuously improve their management level and business ability.

(3) business requirements

① The chief financial officer belongs to the top management of the hotel and is required to be very familiar with the hotel business, especially accounting, procurement and warehouse management.

② be familiar with and master the basic theory and practical knowledge of accounting, including the basic accounting knowledge such as accounting principles, conventions, assumptions, standards, principles and restrictions.

③ be familiar with economic law, hotel law and local laws and regulations.

④ understand and master the economic activities of the hotel.