Paint is a kind of paint made of iron oxide or resin, which is used to decorate and protect objects. What kinds of paints do you have? 1) There are many kinds of substrates according to their uses, including wood paint, iron paint, glass paint and aluminum paint. First, the wood paint sprayed on the surface of solid wood plays a protective and beautiful role. Solid wood spraying generally requires two primers, one topcoat, low-cost PE primer and PU topcoat, and the surface is hard. Top coat has different effects of high gloss, bright surface, matte or matte. According to different product designs, primers and topcoats can be matched with different colors. If the pursuit of primary colors, mainly transparent paint. If you want to see the wood grain, but don't want to see the real color of the wood, you can adjust it to the same color as the wood grain. There is a special kind of paint in wood paint: UV paint, which is a light-cured unsaturated resin and becomes a saturated resin through photopolymerization. The paint surface is the hardest and the best weatherability of all wood paints. At the same time, the production efficiency is 10 times higher than that of PU and PE. However, the production process and equipment are expensive. Wood lacquer processing generally adopts air spraying process. Second, iron paint: metal surface painting has to go through many processes. Generally, before entering the painting process, it is necessary to remove oil, rust and phosphating. Metal spraying can be divided into air spraying, electrostatic powder spraying and magnetic spraying. Air spraying is similar to wood spraying, with the addition of low temperature drying process. General paint varieties are mainly metallic effect paints (such as flash silver, gold and silver, etc. ), and the overall appearance effect is bright. You can also spray rubber paint, crack paint, vertical paint and other effects with strong artistic effects. Another disadvantage of air painting is that the coating is easy to be damaged, on the other hand, it is easy to stick to dust. Once the metal parts are damaged and rusted, the galvanic effect will occur, and the damage degree is high. Electrostatic powder spraying is also called plastic spraying. Spraying materials are generally polymer materials such as powder and epoxy resin. The powder is not negatively charged and the metal part is positively charged. It is attached to the surface of the workpiece by using the principle of electrostatic attraction. 180~200℃ and covered with molten resin powder. On the surface of the workpiece, the adhesion is better than air spraying, and the coating thickness is 0.3 ~ 0.4 mm, but the disadvantages are poor surface leveling, difficult adjustment of coating color, and less than 10 colors to choose from. Electrostatic powder spraying has two special raw materials. One is fluorocarbon material, the other is non-stick fluorocarbon resin, and the metal surface is sprayed with fluorocarbon resin. Because the resin is a composite powder with fluorine as the main material, it has more consistent adhesion with carbon in metal iron parts, so the spraying of this kind of material is called fluorocarbon spraying. Fluorocarbon, a non-stick material, is sprayed on the surface of metal parts to achieve smooth and non-stick effect. At the same time, this material can withstand temperatures as high as 300℃. It is an ideal coating for sanitary and high temperature environment, and is suitable for kitchen furniture and laboratory furniture. Third, glass paint glass paint materials are divided into two categories, one is etching type and the other is baking type. Etching materials have a frosting effect on glass when sprayed and colored, with many artistic effects and various colors. Baked glass paint can be completely cured by baking at high temperature after spraying, which is similar to cloisonne in China ceramics. It can also be divided into transparent and opaque, and its construction technology can also be screen printing, but the paint concentration is thicker. Fourth, aluminum paint aluminum paint is consistent with electrostatic powder spraying. The difference is that aluminum must be painted, and the appearance cannot be smooth. Alumina has the best spraying adhesion. However, the cost is high. There is a process called electrophoresis on the surface of aluminum, and the subsequent processes should also be sprayed and sealed. This kind of paint generally adopts transparent PU or PE paint, and magnetic paint is also useful. 5. Wall topcoats include exterior wall coatings, interior wall coatings and topcoats, mainly latex paints and other varieties; 2) Classification by status. Paints can be divided into water-based paints and oily paints. Latex paint is the main waterborne paint, while nitrocellulose paint and polyurethane paint are mostly oily paints. 3) Classification by function. Coatings can be divided into waterproof coatings, fireproof coatings, mildew-proof coatings, mosquito-proof coatings and multifunctional coatings.

4) Classification by action form. Coatings can be divided into volatile coatings and nonvolatile coatings.

5) Classification by surface effect. Coatings can be divided into transparent coatings, translucent coatings and opaque coatings. Paint is a kind of material that can be coated on the surface of an object by different construction processes to form a solid film with firm adhesion, certain strength and continuity. The film thus formed is commonly known as coating film, also known as paint film or coating. In the early days, vegetable oil was used as the main raw material, so it was called "paint", such as cooked tung oil, which was healthy, environmentally friendly and original. Traditional coating products based on natural substances and modern developing coating products based on synthetic chemical products belong to organic chemical polymer materials, and the formed coating films belong to polymer compounds. According to the classification of modern chemical products, coatings belong to fine chemical products. Modern coatings are gradually becoming a multifunctional engineering material and an important industry in the chemical industry. Coating: a layer of material coating applied to the surface of an object for protection or decoration: a liquid mixture, usually a mixture of solid pigments in a liquid carrier, used as a decorative or protective coating (a liquid mixture for decoration or protection of the outer layer, usually consisting of a liquid carrier and a solid pigment) coating: a substance applied to the surface of an object to make it beautiful or antiseptic. Such as: paint, coal tar and other paints: the old name of paint; Generally speaking, the word "paint" is often used to mean "paint" when naming specific paint varieties for oil and paint coating products, such as ready mixed paint, primer and topcoat. Function of coating 1) Protection function: anti-corrosion, waterproof, oil-proof, chemical-resistant, light-resistant and temperature-resistant. Exposed to the atmosphere, objects will be eroded by oxygen and moisture, leading to metal corrosion, wood decay and cement weathering. Coating a protective film on the surface of an object can prevent or delay the occurrence and development of these damage phenomena and prolong the service life of various materials. Therefore, the protective function is one of the main functions of coatings. 2) Decorative function: color, luster, pattern and smoothness. When objects made of different materials are coated with paints, they can get rich and colorful appearances, beautify the living environment of human beings and make a significant contribution to human material and spiritual life. 3) Other functions: identification, pollution prevention, insulation, etc. For modern coatings, this function is more and more important than the first two functions. Some modern coatings can provide a variety of special functions, such as: electrical insulation, conductivity, shielding electromagnetic waves, anti-static generation, etc. The biochemical functions of marine organisms such as mildew prevention, sterilization, insecticidal and anti-adhesion; High temperature resistance, heat preservation, temperature indication and temperature marking, prevention of delayed combustion, ablation and heat insulation; The functions of reflecting light, emitting light, absorbing and reflecting infrared rays, absorbing solar energy, shielding rays, marking colors and other optical properties; Anti-skid, self-lubrication, anti-chipping, anti-splash and other mechanical properties; It also has many functions, such as noise prevention, vibration reduction, sanitation and disinfection, condensation prevention and icing prevention. With the development of national economy and the progress of science and technology, coatings will provide and play various new special functions in more aspects. Composition of Coatings Coatings are mainly composed of four parts: film-forming substances, pigments, solvents and additives.

Film-forming substances are the basis of coatings, which play a decisive role in the properties of coatings and coatings, and have the function of bonding other components in coatings to form coatings. There are many kinds of substances that can be used as film-forming substances, and resin is mainly used in contemporary coating industry. Resin is an amorphous organic substance, usually referring to polymer. In the past, the film-forming substance in coatings was natural resin, but now synthetic resins, such as alkyd resin, acrylic resin, chlorinated rubber resin and epoxy resin, are widely used.

Pigment-is the main component of color paint. Pigment makes the coating appear color, and makes the coating have the ability to cover the coated object, thus playing its decorative and protective roles. Some pigments can also provide properties such as improving the mechanical properties of paint films, improving the durability of paint films, providing corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, flame retardancy and so on. Pigments can be divided into natural pigments and synthetic pigments according to their sources; According to chemical composition, it is divided into inorganic pigments and organic pigments; According to their functions in coatings, they can be divided into colored pigments, physique pigments and special pigments. Inorganic pigments are widely used in coatings, and so are synthetic pigments. Nowadays, organic pigments are developing rapidly.

Solvent-a substance that can dissolve or disperse the film-forming substances in the coating into a uniform liquid state, which is beneficial to the construction of the coating, and can be volatilized from the coating to the atmosphere during construction. In principle, the solvent does not constitute a membrane and should not remain in the membrane. Many chemicals, including water, inorganic compounds and organic compounds, can be used as solvent components of coatings. In some modern coatings, some compounds are developed and applied, which can dissolve or disperse the film-forming substances into liquid state, and can react with the film-forming substances in the film-forming process to generate new substances and remain in the paint film. They are called active reagents or active diluents. Some solvents are added in the paint manufacturing process, while others are added in the paint construction process.

Auxiliary-also known as the auxiliary material component of coatings, but it can not form the coating film independently, and can exist as a component in the coating film after the coating film is formed. The function of additives is to improve the performance of coatings or films. Different kinds of coatings need to use additives with different functions; Even for the same type of coatings, different additives are needed because of different uses, methods or performance requirements; Various additives can play different roles in coatings. (For example: defoaming agent, wetting agent, anti-sag, anti-settling agent, drier, plasticizer, mildew inhibitor, etc. ) After long-term development, there are many kinds of coatings, and there are many classification methods: ① according to the coating form (powder and liquid), ② according to the film-forming mechanism (conversion and non-conversion), ③ according to the construction methods (brush coating, roller coating and spraying), matte, flat, matte and high-gloss; Hammer paint, relief paint ...) ⑦ According to the application objects (automobile paint, marine paint, container paint, airplane paint, household appliance paint ...) ⑧ According to the film properties (anticorrosive paint, insulating paint, conductive paint, heat-resistant paint ...) ⑨ According to the film-forming substances (alkyd, epoxy, chlorinated rubber, acrylic acid, polyurethane, ethylene ... Choose wall coating.

Before choosing wall paint, we should first learn the environmental protection knowledge of wall paint, and then choose products according to these key indicators.

Environmental protection index 1: VOC content. At present, the country is implementing mandatory standards, that is, VOC ≤120g/L. There are three kinds of effects of VOC on human body: odor and sensory effects; Pathological changes caused by mucosal irritation and other systemic toxicity; Some volatile organic compounds have been proved to be carcinogens or suspected carcinogens.

Environmental protection indicator 2: formaldehyde content. At present, the national standard value is ≤ 100mg/kg. Formaldehyde itself is highly toxic, has a strong coagulation effect on protein, can combine with amino and hydroxyl groups of nucleic acid to denature it, and can hinder the action of gastric enzyme and pancreatic enzyme, thus affecting metabolic function, and its vapor has carcinogenic effect on rodents.

Environmental protection indicator 3: Heavy metal content. Heavy metals mainly refer to soluble lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and other substances. Some heavy metals are essential trace elements in a certain concentration, but when they enter the human body beyond the tolerance limit, they will cause serious physiological damage and cause many diseases. Lead poisoning in children is more serious, and children have special susceptibility to lead. The United States federal regulation CFR 1303 stipulates that lead content greater than 60mg/Kg is lead-containing paint, which is prohibited from being used in public places or indoor decoration.

Performance index 1: scrub resistance times. Scrubbing resistance mainly depends on the content and quality of emulsion, and this main raw material also determines the main properties of latex paint, such as scrubbing resistance, weather resistance, color retention and so on. Good wall paint products are basically resistant to scrubbing for more than 5000 times. For ultra-white products on the market, we should pay more attention to the comparison of scrub resistance times.

Performance index 2: mildew-proof and antibacterial performance or ultra-white performance, or partial waterproof function.

After understanding the environmental indicators and product performance of the above products, we can start with the following steps when choosing products.

The first step: choose regular big brand products or formal channels to buy. Paint and coating products are not only related to the beauty and comfort of the living environment, but also to the health of family members, so we should not be careless.

Step 2: Check the inspection report of the products recommended by the shopping guide. Look at the above environmental protection indicators accordingly, and pay attention to whether the performance indicators are stated on the packaging of the products.

Step 3: Choose products reasonably. According to the member structure and consumption ability of one's family, it is pointed out that alkali-resistant primer for wall paint should not be saved. If the family conditions are good, some products with special properties can be considered in the choice of wall paint, such as children's paint and super scrub-resistant topcoat.

Step 4: Conduct anti-counterfeiting inquiry on products. Understand the anti-counterfeiting inquiry method of the purchased products, and make relevant anti-counterfeiting inquiry on the products.

Step 5: Understand the after-sales service carefully.

Step 6: Check the final effect. If you have any comments, please give feedback or communication to the dealer in time to safeguard your best rights and interests.

In addition: according to the different functions of the room, choose the latex paint with corresponding characteristics.

When purchasing latex paint, we should take good cost performance as the purchasing standard, and choose latex paint with corresponding characteristics according to the different functions of the room. For example, it is best to choose products with good mildew resistance in bathrooms and basements, and products with good stain resistance and scrub resistance in kitchens and bathrooms; Choosing a latex paint with certain elasticity is conducive to covering cracks and protecting the decorative effect of the wall. Assuming that your living environment is humid, you can choose a wall finish with good mildew-proof function to make the wall more durable, such as the integration of 5-in-1 1 latex paint and hardware of various brands. If you have children who like to paint on the wall, an easy-to-clean wall paint is the most suitable. For example, the third-generation super washable or children's latex paints of various brands are good choices. Due to the close relationship and even mutual restriction between the properties of coating products, for the popular multifunctional products in the market, the single performance may not be outstanding, but the comprehensive performance is generally good.

Decorative paint can be divided into wall decoration (including indoor and outdoor) and wood paint decoration according to different components. General home decoration, walls and ceilings should choose indoor wall paint; As for doors, window frames, tables and chairs, cabinets and other wooden surfaces, you should choose paint decoration.

Buy wood paint

In the decoration of a family, the environmental protection of wood paint in the decoration paint determines the environmental protection index of 90% in the decoration paint of this family, so the choice of wood paint for decoration is very important, which can never be underestimated. At present, there are three kinds of decorative wood paints on the market: NC (nitrocellulose paint), PU (polyester paint) and W (waterborne wood paint). These three products have their own advantages, and our consumers should choose the one that best suits their home improvement needs when purchasing.

Advantages and disadvantages of these three products and applicable people:

NC nitrolacquer

Advantages: fast drying speed, easy renovation and repair, simple proportion, convenient construction and good hand feeling.

Disadvantages: Compared with PU and W paint, it has poor environmental protection, easy yellowing, fullness, difficult high-gloss effect, more construction times, high coating cost and easy aging.

Suitable for groups: American painting technology means that there are many kinds of handicrafts to be painted at home. NC painting is recommended for this part of handicrafts, and NC products are not recommended for other large-scale decoration areas.

Polyurethane polyester paint

Advantages: high hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, good water resistance, high solid content (50-70%), good fullness, high construction efficiency, low coating cost and wide application range.

Disadvantages: the construction environment is demanding, the damaged paint film is not easy to repair, and the use time after paint preparation is limited. It must be polished layer by layer and the ratio is strict.

Suitable for groups: at present, about 60% of ordinary families choose PU paint, which is widely used.

water wood paint

Advantages: Compared with NC and PU paints, the environmental protection is much better, and there is a big gap in this respect. At the same time, compared with PU and NC paint, it also has the advantages of "not easy to yellow, fast drying speed and convenient construction".

Disadvantages: The construction environment requires that the temperature bottom should not be lower than 5℃ or the relative humidity should be lower than 85%. Compared with PU paint, its hardness is slightly worse, and the cost of fully enclosed process will be higher than that of PU and NC products.

Suitable for groups: It is recommended that families with consumption ability use water-based wood paint in family decoration. If the conditions are slightly limited, open or semi-open process can be considered, so the cost is not much higher than that of PU paint.

After having a clear understanding of all kinds of wood paints used in home decoration, I basically know what kind of wood paints I need at home. However, when faced with the publicity of many brands in the market or the recommendation of some decoration companies, painters and other construction units, consumers often don't know how to choose brands. Tell you some practical skills.

A, find a brand or a regular and powerful dealer. Paint and coating products are not only related to the beauty and comfort of the living environment, but also to the health of family members, so we should not be careless. The products operated by regular dealers are regular brands with quality meeting environmental protection standards and many years of experience in product use. For our own long-term development, we will never do anything that harms consumers.

B, pay attention to product collocation. Primer, topcoat, etc. You shouldn't stop buying or buy less because it is expensive, but you should consider the demand quantity put forward by the oil carpenter and the advice of the shopping guide before buying.

C. Anti-counterfeiting inquiry of products. At present, most big brands have anti-counterfeiting inquiry systems. Consumers should not think that they will not inquire about products if they spend a few cents on inquiry fees or waste ten minutes.

D, carefully understand the brand's after-sales service. Make clear the after-sales service content of the brand before deciding whether to buy it.

E, foreman in construction, pay attention to smell. If the smell is not smelly or particularly strange, if it smells fragrant, I suggest you pay special attention to whether it is a highly toxic substance; If it is PU or NC paint, just feel it yourself. If it is water-based wood paint, you can stay in the room freely during construction, because water-based wood paint will not cause any physical harm to the builder. Skills of using paint in the process of home improvement Paint is one of the indispensable materials in the process of home improvement. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the growing voice of environmental protection, people have higher and higher requirements for decorative paints. The variety of decorative paint has also developed from tung oil and raw paint to synthetic resin paint. To meet the needs of different consumers.

At present, the general varieties of decorative paints are phenolic paint, alkyd paint, nitro paint, polyurethane (PU polyester) paint, polyester paint, acrylic paint and so on. Among them, polyurethane coating is one of the most widely used coatings in interior decoration at present, and its excellent paint film properties such as toughness, strong adhesion, wear resistance, water resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and gloss and color retention are favored by people.

How to choose polyurethane coatings mainly adopts the following methods:

1. There are many kinds of polyurethane coatings, including single-can (one-component) polyurethane coatings, double-can (two-component) polyurethane coatings and three-can (three-component) polyurethane coatings. According to the packaging type, families usually choose two-pack (two-component) polyurethane paint.

Two-component coatings are divided into component A and component B, with a pack of 3 barrels (one barrel of topcoat, one barrel of curing agent and one barrel of diluent).

2. Polyurethane paints are generally divided into high gloss, bright, semi-matt and matt. At present, matt paint is the most popular, and consumers can choose it according to the decorative effect of their families and their hobbies.

3. After determining the selected paint type, observe whether there is leakage at the sealing cover and weld of the outer packaging. Whether the weight of paint in the tank is consistent with the weight marked on the outer packaging.

4. Two-component polyurethane paint, one component is curing agent, and the hand-held tin can should be shaken vigorously, and the paint should feel shaken, which proves that the curing agent is basically intact. In addition, the shelf life of curing agent is generally 6~ 12 months.

5. Early polyurethane paint products had poor gloss retention and were prone to yellowing, and the color of furniture became darker after finishing. It is best to buy yellowing-resistant polyurethane paint, and cans are generally evenly marked on the packaging.

At present, the quality of polyurethane coatings on the market is uneven, and the coating market is chaotic. It is difficult to distinguish the internal quality of paint from the quality of the scene. It is suggested that when purchasing coatings, it is best to choose well-known large enterprises with perfect management mechanism and testing means to ensure the qualified rate of products.

How to use polyurethane paint?

Two-component polyurethane coatings are generally divided into component A and component B by enterprises, which are packaged and supplied to users respectively. When in use, the painter will allocate it according to the proportion of Group A and Group B. Please pay attention to the following points when deploying and using:

1. There are many manufacturers of polyurethane paint, and the proportion of group A and group B is different. It must be prepared in strict accordance with the proportion specified in the "Product Description", and use as much as you need. It is best to finish it within four hours after preparation, so as to avoid self-healing and scrapping for too long.

2. Avoid contact with water, acid, alkali and alcohol during paint preparation and painting, otherwise it will deteriorate.

3. After the two components are mixed, they can be painted by brushing, spraying and flow coating.

4, construction tools and coating surface to ensure dry and clean, such as moisture will affect the quality of the coating.

5. It is best to avoid rainy days or high humidity weather during construction, so as to avoid whitening of paint and affect the quality of paint film.

6. Home decoration walls and wooden furniture should not be painted at the same time. For example, the wall should be painted with latex paint, and then the wooden furniture should be painted when the coating is dry to avoid yellowing of the coating.

7. Unused paints, especially containers of curing agents, must be sealed to prevent water seepage and air leakage.

How to clean paint

1. Before the paint is wet, wipe it repeatedly with kerosene, then wipe some dilute acetic acid (without acetic acid, but the effect is worse), and finally rinse it off with water. Dry paint stains are difficult to remove. There is a simple method: add 2.5 kilograms of water,/kloc-0.00 grams of alkaline noodles and a little lime to the pot, put the clothes in for 20 minutes, take them out and soap them with fat, and the paint will fall off. It should be noted that it is best not to use this method for colored clothes to avoid discoloration.

2. Inadvertently stained paint stains on clothes, and removing them with gasoline and banana oil (ethyl acetate) will affect the fabric texture. The best way is to wipe it with cool oil: apply a little cool oil on the front and back of the paint stain, and wipe it along the grain of the cloth with a cotton ball every few minutes, which will get the ideal effect.