Reasons for listing: the coal mining industry has great influence; Mine disasters are constantly happening all over the country, and the sacrifices are huge; The effect of state supervision is not ideal.
Danger degree: ★★★★★★★
Lu, a 45-year-old farmer in Lianyuan City, Hunan Province, kept repeating his illness to the reporter of the Legal Morning Post. Heavy breathing, endless cough. Lu is a stage Ⅱ silicosis patient. He stressed that treatment is urgently needed at present, but he has no money and no money at home! "My illness was caused by inhaling too much dust after working underground for many years, but the mine manager didn't want to be responsible." Lv Jinming felt really helpless.
In addition, Lu also needs living expenses. This honest farmer has not fully understood what "loss of working ability" means. He only knows that the mine manager won't let him continue to dig coal because of illness. He lost his job and his family lost their main source of living expenses.
"The next well will work 12 hours; The sound of drilling is very loud, and my head is still buzzing after I get out of the well; Coal particles are spread out on the working face layer by layer, and the dust cover doesn't work ... I don't know if I can come out alive every time I go down the well. " Lu became more and more excited.
A person in charge of the health supervision department told the reporter of the Legal Morning Post that with the promulgation of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, factories and mines have attached importance to the health protection of employees, especially state-owned coal mines, but private coal mines have done a poor job in this regard.
The person in charge said that the main measure of the regulatory authorities now is to supervise factories and mines to organize physical examinations for employees on time, and to impose certain penalties on factories and mines that are not in place in health work. However, it is still difficult to nip in the bud at present, and these problems are relatively hidden. Regulatory authorities generally find problems by organizing physical examinations and looking at the results.
In terms of insurance, state-owned coal mines generally buy insurance for miners according to regulations, while private enterprises generally do not. "Now most coal mines are privately contracted, so most miners don't buy insurance." The person in charge said.
According to official statistics, the death rate per million tons in China is close to 4. In other words, for every 6,543,800 tons of coal transported from the wellhead, four people fall into the well. This figure is 30 times that of South Africa and 100 times that of the United States.
Migrant workers on site No.2: Are you all right in other places?
Reason for listing: How to smoothly transform construction migrant workers into urban workers is the most realistic and intractable problem in China in the 2 1 century.
Danger degree: ★★★★★★★
Upon receiving the news that her husband was injured at the construction site, Chen Jinbao's wife Gillian rushed to Shanghai anxiously from her hometown in the countryside. She took the bus through the bustling buildings in the metropolis, which condensed the sweat of construction workers like her husband. How many times does Gillian want to go to Shanghai to see her husband's contribution to the steel building? But today, she has no intention of linking these high-rise buildings with her husband. Finally arrived at the destination: in a simple temporary shed on a construction site in Yanggao South Road, Pudong, my husband was lying in bed, covered with bandages. There are six or seven beds in the shed, and no one is there. Gillian was sad for a while: when her husband was injured like this, the contractor didn't arrange hospitalization, and there wasn't even a nurse.
Chen Jinbao fell from a three-or four-meter-high shelf, causing dislocation of the back neck and fracture of the femur. It was his fellow villager, a small foreman named Zhang, who recruited Chen Jinbao to the construction site. Zhang got part of the project from the big boss Zhejiang Zhongcheng Construction Group. Gillian learned through an insider that the foreman Zhang did not pay comprehensive insurance to his fellow villagers as required. After her husband was injured, Zhang only paid the medical expenses in advance, and then gave him living expenses every day 10 yuan. Gillian began to actively fight for her husband's rights and interests. The foreman Zhang finally compromised and arranged for someone to wait on Chen Jinbao, but if Chen Jinbao went home to recuperate, all expenses would be ignored.
The insider told Gillian that according to the relevant regulations of Shanghai, all employers who use migrant workers or migrant workers without units must pay a certain comprehensive insurance premium. According to this regulation, migrant workers employed by the unit can enjoy three benefits during the insurance period: work-related injury, hospitalization and old-age allowance. Moreover, the labor arbitration institution of Shanghai Labor Bureau will often go to the construction site to check the implementation of comprehensive insurance. Some big bosses (such as Zhejiang Zhongcheng Construction Group mentioned above) are relatively responsible for workers and pay comprehensive insurance. Only in the construction industry, many projects are contracted to the following small foremen. In order to get more profits, these small foremen seldom pay comprehensive insurance to their workers, but they try their best to avoid the wind when checking.
Gillian tried to find labor arbitration, but learned that it would take at least two or three months to get a result. In addition to spending time and energy, traveling alone will cost a lot of money. Have to choose to give up. Fortunately, the foreman Zhang gave them Chen Jinbao's salary in the first half of the year, 30 yuan, one day in advance for the sake of his fellow villagers. Now, with the daily allowance and wages of 10 yuan, Gillian lives in a shed where five or six men live and concentrates on taking care of her husband.
In Beijing, in most of the construction sites visited by reporters, construction workers did not pay special attention to participating in insurance. Most people get paid according to 30 yuan -40 yuan money every day, and the better projects are provided with food and accommodation, and the rest are not paid. Speaking of danger, almost every worker nodded and said, "That's why you get the money. Don't think about it when there is nothing wrong with it, and then face it when it's your turn to be unlucky. " Try to be careful when you can only work! "In this pair of eyes looking at the towering buildings, they are full of joy for the fruits of labor and helplessness for unpredictable dangers. ...
No.3 drug undercover police: people who deal with the devil
Reason for listing: Police undercover has the highest physical and mental risk factor in the front line of combating drug crimes; Major cases even affect national economic security.
Danger degree: ★★★★★☆.
Investigating, squatting, pretending to be a drug dealer, trading, arresting, facing unpredictable situations, more and more cunning drug dealers, fugitives who may come up with murder weapons at any time, Bi Bo, deputy head of the investigation brigade of the Drug Enforcement Department of Beijing Public Security Bureau, seems to have become accustomed to all this.
"Undercover is the most common thing for drug police." The scar on his right wrist that was once interrupted by a gangster with an iron bar and the slightly bent ring finger after the operation on his left hand are all "achievements" left by his undercover. But when it comes to all this, Bi Bo doesn't feel dangerous.
In the open arrest and face-to-face struggle, the anti-drug police can be deployed accurately and step by step, but going deep into the dens to be "undercover" is often full of dangers and dangers. In an undercover job, he started dealing with drug dealers at eight in the morning. The cunning drug dealer kept changing trading places until three o'clock in the afternoon. After changing trading places eight times, the drug dealer suddenly proposed to change trading places again. In order not to "abort" the case, Bibo agreed to the drug dealer's request and came to an alley. There is no hidden place in the narrow alley, so other scouts can't get close. Bibo is surrounded by four drug dealers, 1 female and 3 male. After the inspection, Bibo handed the counterfeit money prepared in advance to female drug traffickers, and quickly took the drugs from another drug dealer. At this time, female drug traffickers found counterfeit money and immediately shouted. Bi Bo's first reaction was to kick down a drug dealer who had just pulled out a knife and turned to fight with two other drug dealers with his bare hands. The whole process was only about twenty seconds, and the fourth day after the victory of the battle was his wedding. On another occasion, Bi Bo led a team into a drug dealer's den and kicked the door open. The gangster took out his homemade musket and pulled the trigger on Bi Bo's chest: "Fortunately, the homemade pistol didn't ring, otherwise I might not be here today." Speaking of which, Bi Bo's face is a little more calm and cool.
This is just a small fragment of the undercover life of China narcotics police. They are faced with a group of psychopathic drug dealers and addicts. Many of them lost their basic conscience in order to sell drugs. Undercover drug dealers lurking in enemy circles are in extremely dangerous environment. In this process, we must not only rely on physical strength, but also rely on spiritual strength to fight the enemy.
"When you meet the brave in the narrow road, you will often encounter various unexpected situations, respond quickly, and preemptively make drug dealers lose their combat effectiveness." This has become a common saying of Bibo.
Fireworks Worker No.4: Create joy, not pain.
Reason for listing: The safe production of small fireworks workshops in China has an important impact on maintaining regional economic development and social stability.
Danger degree: ★★★★★
"As long as you come to the factory, you can't do without this dress and this pair of shoes." Tang Xiaohu, a 22-year-old working in a fireworks factory in Baoding, Hebei Province, pointed to his clothes and said that they were a gray cotton skirt and a pair of cotton shoes. This is his work clothes, which won't produce any static electricity and electric sparks. After putting on work clothes and entering the workshop to complete the special instrument for eliminating static electricity, Tang Xiaohu started his work.
Due to various reasons, in recent years, there have been frequent accidents in the process of production, storage, transportation and discharge in China's fireworks and firecrackers industry, which is considered to be one of the special industries with high risk. Hebei Xinji Fireworks Factory exploded, Liaoning Tieling Fireworks Factory exploded on a large scale ... In 2003 alone, there were five serious fireworks explosions in China, and there were countless small-scale explosions. The safety management in the production process of firecrackers and the safety of the products themselves have become the focus of social and government attention.
Regarding the extremely dangerous production of firecrackers, the reporter asked Tang Xiaohu whether he was worried about his own safety. In this regard, he feels that his factory is still very safe: "The factory management is very strict and the safety work is done in place. After careful safety inspection every day, lighters and mobile phones are strictly prohibited from being brought into the factory. In addition, the hot and rainy summer is coming soon, so we will be relatively relaxed and stop production when the weather is hot to avoid danger. "
In China, there are not many regular firecrackers manufacturers like Tang Xiaohu, and even fewer people are so lucky. The reality is that there are many private workshops that are illegally produced and operated, occupying most of the domestic fireworks and firecrackers market. These small and medium-sized fireworks and firecrackers manufacturers employ cheap labor and even child labor. After simple training, they manually processed firecrackers with backward tools that did not meet the safety requirements, and the workers had no safety guarantee at all.
For a long time, it is difficult for China's fireworks and firecrackers production industry to get unified supervision, and it is also difficult for local regulatory authorities to fundamentally eliminate various security risks for their own interests. Business operators turn a blind eye to many hidden dangers in order to reduce production costs. A large number of machinery and equipment that have not passed the inspection by relevant departments are used in production, and some enterprises' electrical appliances and circuits have not been inspected or installed according to national standards. The safety period of lightning protection facilities and anti-static devices has expired, and the mechanical equipment has been put into the original workshop, so the safety protection barrier can not meet the safety conditions. How to solve these problems, such as "asking for money instead of life", "hiring minors to do homework" and "inadequate safety measures", is worth pondering.
Fireman No.5: Is there a fire in the sky?
Reason for listing: Fire prevention and control is of great significance to the national economy and people's livelihood.
Danger degree: ★★★★★
June, 2006 10 at 3 am, a fire squadron in Beijing. The bell ... the crisp and continuous electric bell rang suddenly. A voice came from the loudspeaker in the bedroom: 1 means 3 out of the water! Fire fighter Mr. Zhang jumped out of bed, picked up his coat and rushed out of the door, sliding down the slide from the second floor. Putting on his combat suit, helmet and boots, Mr. Zhang Ran got on the fire truck in a few steps. "An oil tank is on fire, and the fire is very big ..." The latest fire in the dispatching room is constantly updated on the car radio. The fire truck stopped 30 meters away from the fire. Soldiers quickly jumped out of the car: sprinkling water bags, connecting sluice gates, water guns, opening floodgates, pressurizing, boiling water guns, water gushing out ... pouring water mixed with foam on the oil tank, banging, suddenly layers of smoke rose around the oil tank, and the fire was gradually extinguished. The tank turned white slowly, and there was a boiling "abnormal sound" from Tanqueray. Suddenly, the tank level splashed and the fire increased. "Get out!" The commander shouted. The firemen closed the sluice and quickly boarded the car. Drive at full power and stay away from the fire. Prosperity ... then the explosion sounded and a small piece of iron flew to the fire truck 300 meters away. "All actions are commanded, and the commander is certified." Commander Xu Feng said that correct judgment is the best safety guarantee for fire fighters. "Fire fighting is strategic." Xu Feng explained that the commander's professional training and accumulated experience ensured that the fire fighters were as far away from danger as possible. For example, the explosion of oil tank is a precursor, the tank is white, and the liquid level splashing indicates that it is about to explode; The building structure and the materials used in the building determine its pressure-bearing and fire-resistant time. Based on this information and knowledge, the commander decides whether the firemen can enter the room to put out the fire. Of course, firemen's clothes also have the function of fire prevention and heat insulation. Gas masks and other equipment also effectively protect the safety of soldiers when entering the range of smoke and toxic gas.
But for the fire fighting profession, there is always danger. 1 1.3 is still in people's memory in Hengyang, Hunan Province in 2003. Yang Youliang, then the detachment leader, said: "We have a special person to monitor the situation of the whole building so as to evacuate in time in case of danger. However, before the building collapsed, we did not observe any signs. " To this end, 20 fire officers and soldiers gave their lives.
Banker No.6: Escort Youth and Loyalty
Reason for listing: I am psychologically nervous and have a great responsibility for national financial security.
Danger degree: ★★★☆.
Being at the forefront for a long time, they are facing great dangers: the "9. 1" extraordinarily large gun murder and robbery case in Changde, Hunan; The case of "1. 18" explosion in Shenyang, Liaoning Province; The murder and robbery of the "9.29" cash truck in Qianjiang, Hubei Province ... every box was covered with blood. Especially last year, a 33-year-old bank teller in Wuhan suffered from psychogenic depression because of the robbery in Changde. He has a long-term psychological tension and a heavy sense of crisis, and has long suffered from physical and mental pressure from dangerous industries.
Escort Kobayashi said that the recruitment of escorts for escort work must undergo strict screening. Once hired, every escort and driver will take a fingerprint, input it into the computer database, establish a file and keep it for future reference. Before going out on duty, you must turn off your mobile phone and give it to the conductor for safekeeping. You are not allowed to contact the outside world during work. Where to transport the money and where to carry out the task will not be known in advance, which is absolutely confidential. If there is a bullet in the gun, when sitting in the car, the escort should put his knees together and put the gun between his knees; You should stand with a gun, that is, the gun is at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. In addition, during work, no one is allowed to take the armored car except the armored car. When they arrived at the bank outlets to perform their tasks, they stood at their respective alert positions, and the whole air seemed to freeze.
Kobayashi talks about his mission. Whenever someone approaches, he will consider it with alert and suspicious eyes: there is a person within the alert range. What does he do? Will he rob money? Before committing a crime, criminals often go to bank outlets to step on the spot, so if we see the same car or the same person appear in the same bank outlet for more than two days in a row, we will take corresponding measures and make a good duty plan.
A cashier had an accident when she opened the car door to withdraw money! A fat man buried his head and walked to an armored car full of money. Because I didn't know what the visitor meant, in order not to let him pass between the cash truck and the bank door, I loudly reminded him, "Please make a detour and don't cross the cordon!" But the other party ignored it. So I have to subdue it.
Private investigator No.7: You miss me so much for one night?
Reason for listing: Being on the edge of national laws and regulations and the center of public opinion.
Danger degree: ★★★★
An investigator named Gu Fan (commonly known as a private detective) told reporters with a home camera that he had just finished a task.
Gu Fan's "mission" refers to the evidence that he photographed a man keeping a mistress. Gu Fan introduced that marriage investigation is the main business, accounting for about 60% of the total business, which is also in line with the proportion of other small investigation firms.
Height 1.8 meters, graduated from physical education department of Wuhan University, looks 2067 years old, with slight acne on his face. Unlike ordinary people, he looks like a big boy.
The one that impressed Gu Fan the most was last June. A woman in Dongguan said that her husband was obsessed with Mark Six Lottery, and all the money in the factory was taken out by her husband for gambling. She wants to find out the dens of Mark Six Lottery. Gu Fan pretended to buy Mark Six Lottery, observed it at the stall where her husband often went to buy yards, and followed it to the dealer. Unexpectedly, he was soon discovered. In desperation, Gu Fan had to hide in a hotel, quickly changed his clothes and changed his hairstyle: "They were already waiting at the door of the hotel, and I went out under their noses. If you can't leave at that time, you must die. "
Gu Fan's worries are not exaggerated. The year before last, Huang Lirong, a private detective in Beijing, was found and beaten to death by interviewees. "When the news that Huang Lirong was killed while tracking the candid photos came out, my heart thumped and it was very uncomfortable. We didn't investigate in the sun, and the law didn't give us a suitable position. Who will protect it? "
Gu Fan said that the company once wanted to buy accident insurance for itself and other employees, but major domestic insurance companies refused to insure them on the grounds that the industry was too risky. Later, they found a foreign insurance company: "At first, this insurance company was unwilling. We checked their files and found that there was a clause that allowed investigators to buy insurance. We insisted on this and they reluctantly agreed. " Gu Fan smiled a little bitter.
According to incomplete statistics, as of May 2006, there were nearly 43,000 investigation enterprise organizations or institutions (including investigation companies, consulting companies, information companies, brokerage companies, headhunting companies, security companies, crisis management companies, etc.). ) In China, there are nearly 500,000 professional investigation institutions and employees in the investigation industry.
Body double: When will life stop fighting?
Reason for listing: As an important part of entertainment economy, industry protection norms need to be improved.
Danger degree: ★★★★
Cao Shangshan, a disciple of Hong Kong Kung Fu actor Liang Xiaolong, stood in the crowd. He is a little dark and strong, but stocky. 1998 followed the master. The 23-year-old boy still likes to laugh, but some vicissitudes have climbed up the corner of his eye prematurely. He said loudly, "Call me' Ashan'." When practicing Nanquan, I pulled out the dragon and tiger stunt team with self-styled captain. Eight members come from all over the country. Because Amayama is shooting some fashion dramas, her younger brother leads the team temporarily, and her younger sister is one of the only two female generals in the team. Ashan said with a complicated expression, "We are all stuntmen, but we didn't tell our parents."
When filming Ghost, which co-starred by Liu Ye and Big S, there was a car accident. Ashan told his family that he was just playing a few tricks because he was afraid that people would worry. What he said most was the guilt of bringing his sister into the stunt circle. When he was filming the movie "The Curse of the Snake" in Meixian County, Guangdong Province, his sister ran into the glass on the third floor. Ashan couldn't help it, and asked some heavily, "Are you afraid?" My sister shook her head and said, "I'm not afraid." Ashan encouraged: "Yes." Then he ran to the bathroom and secretly cried. When he heard the girl who shared a room with his sister tell him that her body was injured in many places, her sister didn't say anything rationally. He said with tears in his eyes: "There is no way, I just feel distressed."
According to statistics, 85 18 stuntmen were injured at work in the 1990s, and stuntmen like to fight for their lives. Ashan's highest record is lying in a coma in the hospital 18 hours. Because when he first filmed the cliff, there was a bomb behind him, and no one jumped out when the director shouted. The blaster immediately pressed the button and the man was completely blown away. The reporter asked him if he was insured. Ashan said: "People are not dead. We only have accident insurance. We can only deal with the pain ourselves, and of course we can't get the money."
Ashan often emphasizes that his stunt team is United, and it is inevitable that there will be unfairness when performing. At this time, the collective strength is displayed. Ashan nodded and hoped that there would be a unified stunt industry organization and management in the mainland to protect the interests of every stunt performer.
The stuntmen in Hollywood, China and Hongkong all have their own organizations, such as the American Actors Association. Many stuntmen are also members of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. They can get higher wages, overtime pay and holidays. There is also a martial arts association in Hong Kong, which implements membership management and all problems and affairs are handled by the association. Especially a few years ago, Jackie Chan once proposed the establishment of a unified national martial arts association, but due to its wide geographical area and numerous martial arts schools, it finally fell through.
No.9 high-altitude cleaner: We are not afraid of heights.
Reason for listing: As an industry with little public knowledge, industry norms and safety supervision need to be strengthened.
Danger degree: ★★★☆.
At an altitude of130m, a thick rope with a diameter of about 5cm, a safety belt tied around the waist and a wooden board with a length of 80cm constitute Xiao Wei's basic living tools. Adjust the safety rope every one meter to lower yourself one meter. Fix the sucker tightly on the glass. Hold the sucker tightly with your left hand, so that you can grasp the balance and not shake. Brush the glass skillfully with a water absorber dipped in detergent in your right hand, and then carefully clean the glass in front of you with a rubber brush.
Outside a130m tall building in Chaowai Street, a prosperous city in Beijing, five workers are scrubbing the building. The dark blue work clothes and simple construction equipment are obviously in sharp contrast with this magnificent building, and this group of skilled workers are the high-altitude cleaners known as "Spider-Man".
"Every time I go out, my daughter-in-law will scold me. Although I have been in this business for 7 years, I can hear this sentence almost every day. " Xiao Wei, a native of Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, came to Beijing to work seven years ago and was introduced by his fellow villagers. Now he is an old employee of the company. Although he is in his early 30 s, he is still young in the company: "For the sake of safety, the people the company usually recruits are older, have a good relationship and can take care of each other at work."
"I was scared at first, but after I entered the business, I went from a low level to a high level. After a long time, I gradually adapted. " Xiao Wei still remembers his first venture.
According to statistics, workers in the high-altitude cleaning industry come from Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces where migrant workers export. Compared with other types of work, "this industry has low technical content, fast learning, no need to spend a lot of effort and more money." Xiao Peng, who is also a high-altitude cleaner, told reporters that he thinks this line has many advantages, especially compared with construction workers: "It is not so tired, and the salary is relatively high, with an average monthly salary of about 2,000, and the company is more formal and will not default on wages."
When the reporter asked if he had done physical examinations related to aerial work, such as blood pressure and cardiac function tests, all seven members of the construction team said no: "We are all children who grew up in the mountains, and we can climb trees since childhood, not afraid of heights." Xiao Peng is obviously sure of his level of aerial work.
There are many hidden dangers. There are no safety helmets and safety nets on the construction ground. These workers seem to be used to it. "Experienced, just be careful. This rope tied to us can bear a ton, and the company has bought insurance for us, no problem. " A worker about 40 years old told reporters.
This kind of construction behavior without standard technical specifications, unified safety guarantee mode and protective measures is obviously extremely dangerous, which is another reason for the frequent construction accidents of high-rise cleaners and the increase in casualties in recent years.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.