Tea art originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, reformed in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. It can be said that it has a considerable historical origin and is self-contained.
China's nationality is natural, modest and does not emphasize form. Therefore, whether it is the tea classics in the Tang Dynasty, the grand view of tea in the Song Dynasty or the tea sparseness in the Ming Dynasty, the article only talks in general terms. Ordinary people integrate tea into their lives without any ritual or religious color. Tea is a necessity of life, and they can drink it at will. We pay attention to the interest in drinking tea, such as "tired of singing", "talking in the middle of the night", "painting a boat in a small bridge" and "burning incense in a small courtyard", which are the best environment and opportunities for drinking tea. The realm of "tea is wine for guests on a cold night" not only shows the harmony and joy between host and guest, but also contains an elegant feeling.
Where China people live, they have the habit of drinking tea; China people first discovered tea, and they are an ancient people who drink tea. When you come to Taiwan Province Province, a treasure island, you may see three or three old people sitting leisurely around a fist-sized and pleasing teapot with a cup in each hand, which is a traditional tea for the elderly in China. You may also see teahouses with tea signs hanging on the busy streets of Taipei metropolis, and a natural aroma of tea comes to your nose. If you are interested in stopping to have a taste, someone will tell you how to make a pot of easy-to-learn kungfu tea.
About tea
Tea is an indispensable part of people's daily life in China. China has a saying: "Seven things to open the door: rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea". The habit of drinking tea is deeply rooted in the hearts of China people and has a history of thousands of years. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu, who became a monk in his early years and later became a secular monk, summed up the experience of his predecessors and completed the world's first book on tea-Tea Classic. After that, the custom of drinking tea soon spread all over China, from emperors, ministers to vendors. Even Korean, Japanese, Southeast Asian countries and other ethnic groups close to China have learned this fashion. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the Dutch East India Company imported tea from China to Europe for the first time. By the middle of17th century, "drinking tea" had become a fashion in British aristocratic society. In China, due to cultural and geographical differences, "tea" has two pronunciations. North and TEE are pronounced CHA in the south. Therefore, countries that import tea from northern China, such as Turkey, are pronounced HAY, Russian CHAI and Japanese Cha; However, countries that import tea from the south of China by sea have different pronunciations. For example, Spanish pronunciation is TE, German pronunciation is TEE, and English pronunciation is TEA.
Fresh-sun-dried tea leaves are made of young leaves of tea trees. There are different kinds and names because of different production methods. The most important key of tea-making method is "fermentation". As a result of fermentation, tea will gradually turn red from the original bright green, and the more fermentation, the redder the color; The aroma will also change from leaf fragrance to floral fragrance, ripe fruit fragrance or maltose fragrance due to the different fermentation amount. Non-fermented tea is called green tea, and the brewed tea soup is green or yellow in green, with the aroma of fresh vegetables, such as Longjing and Biluochun. Fully fermented tea is called black tea, and the brewed tea soup is vermilion with the aroma of maltose; And semi-fermented tea is oolong tea. Oolong tea is a characteristic of China.
The most representative producing area of scented tea is Taiwan Province Province, China. Oolong tea can be divided into three categories: light fermentation, medium fermentation and heavy fermentation. Light fermentation, such as green tea, is characterized by high aroma, elegance and golden soup color. Moderately fermented foods, such as Tieguanyin, Narcissus, Frozen Top, etc. They are all brown, and they taste mature and steady, emphasizing "throat rhyme"; And heavy fermentation, such as Bai Hao Oolong, the soup is orange-red and has the aroma of ripe fruit.
If you want to make a pot of kung fu tea, you must pay attention to the water quality, water temperature, tea quantity, tea set and other factors. "Water quality" must use fresh soft water (the kind with less minerals) to avoid hard water; The "water temperature" changes with the brewing of different teas. For most kinds of tea, it is more suitable to brew at a temperature close to 100℃. However, green tea and light fermented tea should not be too high, usually should not exceed 90℃; The placement of "tea quantity" varies with different types of tea, ranging from one quarter to three quarters of the capacity of the teapot. Pour it out about one minute after soaking, but it varies from tea to tea, and the time for re-brewing must be relatively extended; As for the "tea set", the purple clay pot is the best, the teapot size matches the appropriate cup, and the white in the cup better distinguishes the soup color.
About drinking tea
"Drinking tea" has become a common leisure activity in Taiwan Province Province. People who love tea must also like to play with teapots. Nowadays, the method of making tea (Kung Fu tea) in a small pot is popular in ordinary families in Taiwan Province Province. This is a custom handed down from Zongshen in Ming Dynasty at the end of16th century, with a history of 400 years. Make tea in a small teapot. This tea tastes special. Sweet and fragrant, the teapot in Yixing, Jiangsu Province was the most famous in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The works of famous artists are bought from all directions, and the price is higher than gold. Now, Taiwan Province ceramists have not only made exquisite teapots, but also developed many improved creative pots, which are loved by all parties. And "storing pots" or "raising pots" has become an elegant atmosphere in Taiwan Province Province.
Tea is the "national drink" of China people, because it contains a variety of vitamins, theanine, essential oil, fluoride and other ingredients, and has the functions of improving eyesight, refreshing brain and diuresis. Therefore, people in China believe that a person who drinks tea regularly will prolong his life, and modern advanced science has also proved that tea has medical functions and is beneficial to human body, so tea is recognized as a natural healthy drink by all countries in the world.
China is the hometown of tea with a long history. According to Huayang Guozhi? Ba Zhi: "There are Fang Fei and fragrant teas in the Garden" records that China has cultivated and utilized tea trees artificially for more than 3,000 years. In this long historical development process, tea has become a part of the daily life of people of all ethnic groups in China. People often say: "Seven things to open the door in the morning, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea." It can be seen that tea plays an important role in daily life. Tea is widely used in daily life. People first regard it as a drink, and use the natural function of tea to clear the brain, improve intelligence and help digestion. Another important function of tea is spiritual. People pay attention to enjoyment in the process of drinking tea, and have higher requirements for water, tea, utensils and environment; At the same time, use tea to cultivate and cultivate one's own spirit and morality, coordinate interpersonal relationships in various tea tasting activities, gain self-confidence and introspection on one's own thoughts, and also communicate one's feelings and take tea as a friend. The existence of tea itself, from form to content, from substance to spirit, from the direct relationship between people and things to becoming the medium of interpersonal relationship, has gradually formed a wonderful flower of traditional oriental culture-China tea culture. The special natural function of tea makes tea culture occupy an important position in China traditional excellent culture.
Ancient China literati used tea to stimulate literary thinking; Taoism is used to cultivate the mind and cultivate the nature; Buddhists use it to relieve sleep, help Zen and so on. The combination of matter and spirit makes people feel a kind of beauty edification at the spiritual level. In the process of tea tasting, people and natural landscape are integrated and accept the rain and dew of the earth; Reconciliation of human disputes; Seek the special interest of seeing nature clearly and returning to nature. Therefore, tea tasting is very strict with the environment: under the turquoise river; Or in a quiet teahouse; Or a palace tea banquet; Or a teahouse in the city center, a roadside tea shop, etc. Different environments will produce different artistic conception and effects, render different themes and ideas, and the solemn and luxurious court is intact; Self-cultivation Zen master tea; Elegant and elegant Twain tea have different tea tasting environments. Different types of tea art need different styles of background to represent tea art that reproduces life products. The theme and expression form, through the background, enhance the appeal and reproduce the artistic charm of life tea. In the study of tea culture mining, it is necessary to explore what kind of environment is suitable for tea performance. The modeling of scenery in the background, the tone of color, the form and content of calligraphy, painting and music are all influencing factors for the formation of the background style of tea art.
Folding meaning
Tea art is a beautiful artistic conception in the whole process of tea tasting, including the appreciation of tea tasting techniques and artistic operation means, as well as the beautiful appreciation of tea tasting environment, and its process embodies the mutual unity of form and spirit. As far as form is concerned, tea art includes a series of contents such as tea selection, water selection, tea brewing technology, tea art, environmental selection and creation. When tasting tea, you should first choose whether the pot and cup are simple and elegant or luxurious and noble. In addition, tea tasting should also pay attention to the harmony between personality and environment, literati emphasize quietness and elegance, and dignitaries pursue luxury and nobility. Generally speaking, traditional tea tasting needs a variety of interests and artistic conception, such as the breeze and bright moon, the song and bamboo rhyme, the plum blossom falling snow and so on. In a word, tea art is a perfect combination of form and spirit, which contains aesthetics and human spiritual sustenance. Traditional tea art uses dialectical and unified view of nature and people's own experience to identify related problems from the feeling of interaction between soul and body, so the techniques contain the simple dialectical materialism in ancient China, as well as people's subjective aesthetic taste and spiritual sustenance.
How to understand tea ceremony
1. Simplicity is the organic combination of "tea" and "art". Tea art is the habit of tea drinkers to drink tea every day. According to the rules of tea ceremony, through artistic processing, tea drinkers and guests are shown the skills of making tea, making tea and drinking tea, which leads daily tea drinking to artistry, enhances the realm of tea drinking and endows tea with stronger spirituality and beauty.
Second, tea art is an art of life. Tea art is colorful and full of life interest, which is a positive way to enrich our lives and improve our life taste.
Third, tea art is a stage art. To show the charm of tea art, we need to rely on the close cooperation and reasonable arrangement of characters, props, stage, lighting, sound, calligraphy and painting, flowers and plants to give tea drinkers noble and beautiful enjoyment and bring vitality to the performance.
Fourth, tea art is an art of life. Life is like tea. When busy, make a pot of good tea, savor it carefully, enter the inner cultivation process through tea tasting, experience the ups and downs of life, and purify the soul.
Fifth, tea art is a kind of culture. On the basis of integrating the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, tea art has widely absorbed and borrowed from other art forms, and extended to literature, art and other fields, forming China tea culture with strong national characteristics.
Tea ceremony introduction
Tea art mainly includes the following contents:
First, the basic knowledge of tea. To learn tea art, we must first understand and master the classification of tea, the quality characteristics of main famous teas, the production process, and the identification, storage and purchase of tea. This is the basis of learning tea art.
Second, the basic knowledge of water. To learn tea art, you must know water, and the nature of tea must come from water. How can we talk about tea without water? Quanming Post Office, the only modern organization that provides water transportation for high-end tea art, is pushing Chinese tea art to the highest level in the world that has been neglected for nearly three centuries.
Third, tea art technology. Refers to the skills and techniques of tea art. Including the procedure of tea performance, the essentials of action, the content of explanation, the appreciation of color, fragrance, taste and shape of tea, the appreciation and collection of tea sets and so on. This is the core part of tea art.
Fourth, tea etiquette. It refers to politeness and etiquette in the process of service. Including the requirements and skills of gfd in the process of service, welcoming, communicating and communicating with each other.
Fifth, the standardization of tea art, tea art should truly reflect the spirit of equality and mutual respect of tea people, so there are standardized requirements for guests. As a guest, we should demand ourselves with the spirit and quality of tea people and devote ourselves to tea tasting. As a service provider, we should also conform to the hospitality, especially the teahouse, whose service level is an important factor to determine the quality and level of service.
Sixth, enlightenment. Tao refers to a kind of practice, a way of life and direction, a philosophy of life, and Tao belongs to spiritual content. Enlightenment is the highest realm of tea art, and it is to realize life, realize life and explore the meaning of life through making tea and tasting tea.
Classification of folding tea art
Tea art can be divided into three categories: performance tea art, practical tea art and publicity tea art.
First, the performance of tea art, focusing on performance, of course, also want to make a pot of tea.
Second, the main purpose of practicality is to make good tea, fully dissolve the connotation of tea in tea soup, make the nutritional components and taste achieve the best effect, and properly take care of artistry.
Thirdly, promoting tea art is to combine local culture with tea culture to promote one's own tea culture, such as introducing tea art of ethnic minorities.
Folding tea set
1. complete tea set
① Chaze: an instrument for taking out tea leaves from a teapot and putting them in the teapot.
Teaspoon: A tool for putting Chaze tea into a teapot.
③ Leaking tea (barrel): put it on the spout to guide the tea leaves into the pot and prevent the tea leaves from being scattered outside the pot.
4 Tea Lotus: It is a multifunctional appliance, which not only has the functions of the first three, but also can see the shape, quantity and dry fragrance of tea.
⑤ Tea crushing: used to crush the long tea leaves in the tea lotus root, which is convenient to put into the pot.
⑥ Tea barn: a small tea pot for subpackaging tea.
Step 2 manage tea sets
(1) tea clip: take out the tea residue from the pot and cup; You can pinch the cup when washing it to prevent your hands from being burned.
2 teaspoons: used for putting tea leaves and digging tea dregs.
③ Tea needle: used to connect the internal network of the pot.
4 tea paddle (hairpin): an instrument for skimming tea foam; The tip is used to pass through the spout.
Step 3 distribute tea sets
① Tea Sea (small cup, mother cup and male cup): After the tea soup in the teapot is soaked, it can be poured into the tea sea and then distributed evenly according to the number of people; When the number of people is small, pour out the tea to avoid the bitter taste caused by soaking for too long. The filter screen on the tea sea can filter out the tea residue that flows out when pouring tea.
4. Tea taster
① Tea cup (small cup): used for sipping tea soup.
(2) Smelling cup: to preserve the fragrance of tea and use it for smell identification.
3 Cup holder: A small tray for holding teacups can avoid hot tea soup and also play an aesthetic role.
5. washing machine
Tea tray: A tray for holding teacups or other tea sets.
(2) Tea boat (tea pool, tea washing, pot holder): an appliance for holding a teapot, which is also used to receive overflowing water and pour a pot of tea soup. It is an essential tool for raising pots.
③ Residue formula: used to hold tea residue.
④ Water side (teapot, pitcher): used to receive discarded tea leaves.
⑤ Detergent: used for placing cups and plates to be cleaned after use.
⑥ Tea towel: mainly used for drying pots, which can dry the mixed water left at the bottom of teapot and tea sea; Secondly, it is used to wipe off the water droplets on the desktop.
⑦ Container: A container for holding Chaze, teaspoons, tea clips and other utensils.
6. Others
① Boiler: There are many kinds of boilers, including charcoal stove (Chaoshan stove)+Yushu Tuan, alcohol stove+glass kettle, electric kettle, induction cooker, etc. The key point of selection is that the tea set is harmonious and the boiled water has no peculiar smell.
② Pot mats: textiles. Used to separate the pot from the tea boat to avoid the influence of noise on the atmosphere.
③ Lid: a small dish for placing teapot lid and kettle lid (generally replaced by saucer).
Tea tray: A tray for holding tea.
⑤ Tea brushing: used to brush off the residual tea powder in tea lotus after placing tea leaves.
⑥ Thermometer: used to learn to judge the water temperature.
⑦ Tea towel tray: used for placing tea towels, tea brushes, thermometers, etc.
Incense burner: Drinking tea and burning incense can increase the interest of tea.
Tea art types
According to different principles and standards, tea art can be divided into the following types:
Tea can be divided into functions-live tea, manage tea and perform tea.
Tea can be divided into green tea, white tea, oolong tea, black tea and black tea.
Tea drinking utensils can be divided into ceramic pot art, cup tea art and glass tea art.
It can be divided into brewing methods-tea making method, tea ordering method, tea making method and cold drink method.
According to social stratum, it is divided into court tea, literati tea, religious tea and folk tea.
Tea drinkers can be divided into campus tea (such as children's tea), family tea and catering tea.
According to ethnic groups-tea drinking methods of Han nationality and tea art of ethnic minorities.
According to folk customs, there are Hakka tea smashing, Hui 'an female tea custom, bride tea and so on.
Sub-regions-Beijing Gaiwan Tea, Chaoshan Kung Fu Tea, Wuyuan Literati Tea, Sichuan Tonghu Tea Technology, etc.
According to the period, it is ancient tea art and contemporary tea art.