Formaldehyde is used in adhesives to prevent corrosion. The quality and production technology of adhesives are the main factors that cause indoor pollution of furniture, so try to use solid wood furniture with less adhesives. If panel furniture is used, try to choose big manufacturers.
Benzene and TVOC (total organic volatile compounds) mainly come from paints used in furniture, and some benzene and TVOC are volatile and will not remain for a long time. Just pay attention to open the window and ventilate.
After buying new furniture, it is best not to rush in, try to open the window for ventilation and absorb harmful gases with activated carbon.
Question 2: Which furniture products are prone to formaldehyde pollution? At present, the main reasons for free formaldehyde in furniture are: (1) The formaldehyde content in panel furniture, office furniture and kitchen furniture made of wood-based panels exceeds the standard. A comparative test conducted by Beijing Consumers' Association shows that among 60 sets of medium density furniture samples in Beijing, 29 sets of formaldehyde exceeded the standard, and the unqualified rate was as high as 48.23%. (2) The use of single-layer finger-jointed boards, plywood and other artificial boards in solid wood furniture can easily lead to excessive formaldehyde emission. (3) Using formaldehyde-containing adhesive to stick to the surface may also lead to excessive formaldehyde release. (4) In the process of furniture manufacturing, the edges of wood-based panel parts are not sealed according to the standard requirements, resulting in a large amount of free formaldehyde released from the cross section of the parts, which leads to excessive formaldehyde release. (5) Some fabric furniture made of wood-based panels, and the textile materials used in fabric furniture contain formaldehyde finishing agent. (6) Some Simmons or mountain palm mattresses have become one of the sources because of the large amount of adhesive used in the fillers.
Question 3: What are the pollution factors of the home environment? According to the current detection and analysis, the main sources of indoor air pollutants are as follows: building and indoor decoration materials, outdoor pollutants, combustion products and human activities. Among them, the pollution of indoor decoration materials and furniture is the main aspect of indoor air pollution at present.
The national health, construction and environmental protection departments have conducted spot checks on indoor decoration materials, and found that 68% of the materials are polluted by toxic gases, and these decoration materials will emit more than 300 kinds of volatile organic compounds. Among them, formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylene, volatile organic compounds and radioactive gas radon can cause headaches, nausea and vomiting, convulsions and dyspnea after human contact, allergic reactions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and dermatitis after repeated contact, and cancer (lung cancer and leukemia) or abortion, fetal malformation and growth retardation after long-term contact.
A description of ammonia (NH4)
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In many areas of our country, residential buildings, office buildings, hotels and restaurants are under construction. Ordinary people artificially add additives such as urea-containing high-alkali concrete expansion agent and concrete antifreeze to prevent concrete from freezing and cracking in winter construction, which greatly improves the construction progress. These additives containing a large amount of ammonia are reduced to ammonia in the wall with the changes of environmental factors such as humidity and temperature, and are slowly released from the wall, resulting in a large increase in the concentration of ammonia in indoor air.
At the same time, ammonia in indoor air can also come from indoor decoration materials, such as additives and brighteners used in furniture finishing, and most of them use ammonia water. Ammonia water is widely used as a neutralizer in shampoo shops and beauty salons.
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According to toxicological classification, ammonia belongs to low toxic compounds. Ammonia is a colorless gas. When the ammonia in the ambient air reaches a certain concentration, it has a strong smell. The threshold of human smelling ammonia is 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/m3. After ammonia enters the human body, it is easy to dissolve in the water of the upper respiratory tract, which has corrosive effect on the upper respiratory tract, so only a small part can reach the lung tissue after inhalation. After ammonia enters the alveoli, it is easy to combine with hemoglobin and destroy the transport function of oxygen. Inhaling a large amount of ammonia in a short time may cause tears, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms. In severe cases, pulmonary edema or respiratory distress syndrome may occur, and respiratory diseases may also occur.
Second, formaldehyde.
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Formaldehyde is a colorless water-soluble gas. It has the function of curing protein, and its 35%~40% aqueous solution is commonly known as formalin, which is often used as the solution for impregnating specimens. Formaldehyde in indoor environment can be roughly divided into two categories according to sources:
(1) outdoor air pollution: industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust and photochemical smog can release or produce a certain amount of formaldehyde to a certain extent, which is a source of indoor formaldehyde pollution, but the content of this part is very small.
(2) Pollution from the interior itself: The main source of formaldehyde: ① Wood boards are the most widely used materials for interior decoration. At present, urea-formaldehyde resin is widely used in wood-based panel production at home and abroad, and its main raw materials are formaldehyde, urea and other accessories; ② Newly assembled furniture and decoration materials, as well as adhesives released by plywood, core board, medium density fiberboard and particleboard (particleboard) in furniture during thermal deliquescence; (3) Paint, chemical fiber carpet, cosmetic crystal and other products with formaldehyde as preservative; ④ Smoking indoors.
Generally, the formaldehyde content of newly renovated houses can exceed the standard by more than 6 times, and some may exceed the standard by more than 40 times. At the same time, the content of formaldehyde in indoor environment is closely related to the use time, temperature, humidity and ventilation of the house. Generally speaking, the longer the house is used, the less formaldehyde remains in the indoor environment; The higher the temperature, the greater the humidity, which is more conducive to the release of formaldehyde; The better the ventilation condition, the faster the formaldehyde in building and decoration materials will be released.
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The effects of formaldehyde on human health are mainly manifested in abnormal sense of smell, * * *, allergy, abnormal lung function, abnormal immune function and so on, and there are great differences among individuals. When the formaldehyde content in indoor air is 0. 1mg/m3, there will be peculiar smell and discomfort: 0.5mg/m3 can cause tears in eyes; 0.6mg/m3 can cause throat discomfort or pain; No matter how high the concentration is, it will also cause nausea, vomiting, cough, chest tightness, asthma and even emphysema. Long-term low-concentration exposure to formaldehyde gas can lead to headache, dizziness, fatigue, bilateral asymmetric sensory disturbance, hyperhidrosis and visual impairment, and can inhibit sweat gland secretion, resulting in dry and chapped skin; When the concentration is high, you will breathe mucosa ... >; & gt
Question 4: Why is the sofa at home easy to cause pollution? Sofa pollution mainly comes from dimethyl fumarate pollution, benzene pollution and formaldehyde pollution. The main manifestation of these pollutions is that the sofa smells.
The pollution of sofa mainly comes from three aspects. The first is the surface, that is, the skin of leather sofa, the cloth of fabric sofa and the paint layer on the surface of solid wood sofa.
Secondly, the interior filler of the sofa. Some sofas are filled with sponges of low quality, which are not environmentally friendly. Long-term use will accumulate and form pollution.
Finally, the sofa frame structure. Because this part is not easy to be seen, the frame structure of sofa has become the biggest hidden danger of sofa pollution. If the sofa is made of non-environmental protection board, it is because of high formaldehyde content that indoor pollution is caused.
At present, only a few fabric sofas and leather sofas on the market are made of pure cotton, pure wool and pure leather. The main raw materials of common sofa fabrics are textile chemical fiber, cotton and linen, blended fabrics, artificial leather and so on. In this regard, love experts remind consumers that this kind of sofa leather uses some chemicals to achieve insect-proof, mildew-proof and moth-proof effects, and this kind of sofa is more polluted.
Question 5: What are the causes of indoor pollution? Hello, landlord, I hope my answer can help you:
1, chemical factors, formaldehyde, benzene, radon, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and other harmful gases released by building materials during decoration are harmful to respiratory tract.
2, coal contains more inorganic pollutants such as fluorine and arsenic, which can pollute indoor air and food when burning, and can cause fluorosis or arsenic poisoning after inhalation or eating.
3, lampblack, the lampblack produced by cooking not only hinders general hygiene, but more importantly contains pathogenic mutants.
4, indoor unclean, allergic organisms breed. The main indoor allergens are fungi and dust mites. Can cause asthma or urticaria.
5, indoor use of photocopiers, electrostatic precipitators and other instruments and equipment will produce ozone (O3). It is a strong oxidant. * * influence on respiratory tract, especially on alveoli.
7. Electrical appliances will produce electromagnetic radiation. If the radiation intensity is high, it will also make people dizzy, easy to get, weak and memory decline.
8. Pollutants such as dust, burning particles and water droplets combine with light ions in indoor air to form heavy ions. The former can only last for 1 min in polluted air, while the latter can last for 1 hr, thus strengthening the adverse effects of positive ions: headache, upset, fatigue, hypertension, listlessness, decreased attention, decreased working ability, insomnia, etc.
9. Once exposed to the air, the harmful factors of indoor articles will be emitted to cause harm.
10, material. Some raw materials of cement, brick, lime and other building materials contain radioactive radium. Released into indoor air and entering human respiratory tract is one of the causes of lung cancer.
Among these indoor stealth killers, the most common and serious pollution is decoration pollution, such as formaldehyde and smog. Newly renovated homes, offices, hotels and other public places must detect whether the concentration of harmful pollutants such as formaldehyde meets the national standards. If it does not meet the standards, it is necessary to carry out centralized treatment of decoration pollution. Only after treatment, the air index is qualified, so you can move in. In daily life and work, it is suggested to use Beijing Taoyuan Xianju air purifier to remove harmful substances such as smog and bacteria, and release negative ions at the same time to create a healthy and fresh indoor environment.
Question 6: Which pollutants in new furniture are mainly formaldehyde residues in paint? General furniture needs to open doors and drawers, dilute harmful substances into the natural environment through window ventilation, or use external appliances such as electric fans to speed up air circulation and help furniture disperse formaldehyde harmful substances in advance.
Question 7: Briefly describe indoor pollution sources. What is the indoor pollution?
1. Benzene: The reason why "benzene" is ranked first is not only because ordinary people have more and more opportunities to contact it, but also because it is quite harmful to women. "Benzene" is a colorless liquid with a special aromatic smell, which is volatile and flammable, and has been identified as a strong carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Benzene exists in paints, fillers and various organic solvents, and volatilizes indoors after decoration. It has a high content in paints, additives and diluents of various paints, adhesives, waterproof materials and some low-grade and counterfeit paints.
Main hazards: it will cause discomfort of skin mucosa, skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract, skin desquamation or allergic eczema, which can lead to aplastic anemia. Women's exposure to benzene mixture during pregnancy can increase the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, pregnancy vomiting and pregnancy anemia, and even cause spontaneous abortion.
2. Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a colorless, soluble and odorous gas. Artificial boards such as plywood, blockboard, medium density fiberboard and particleboard, synthetic adhesives such as melamine formaldehyde, amino formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin, and wall coatings (paper), chemical fiber carpets, foam plastics, paints and coatings with urea-formaldehyde foam resin as thermal insulation materials often contain formaldehyde.
Main hazards: cause acute mental depression, and long-term contact can cause cancer of nasal cavity, mouth, throat, skin and digestive tract.
Radon: Because radon is a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, it is easily overlooked by people. Radon is common in soil, such as granite, brick sand, cement and gypsum, especially natural stone containing radioactive elements. Among them, granite exceeds the standard and has high radioactivity, and it is also found in natural gas used for heating and kitchen equipment.
Main hazards: damage to blood system, nervous system and respiratory system. The incubation period is over 15 years, which is considered to be the second leading factor of lung cancer besides smoking.
4. Ammonia: a gas with a strong odor. Ammonia in concrete additives will be slowly released from the wall, which will lead to an increase in indoor ammonia concentration. Additives and brighteners in interior decoration materials also have ammonia. The release cycle of ammonia is short, and it will not accumulate in the air for a long time, so the harm is relatively small.
Main hazards: skin tissue damage, such as skin pigmentation and finger ulcers. In a short period of time, if the inhalation amount is large, there will be tears, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, bloodshot sputum, chest tightness, dyspnea, dizziness, headache, nausea and fatigue. In severe cases, pulmonary edema and adult respiratory distress syndrome may occur. When the concentration is too high, it may even cause cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest through the reverse action of trigeminal nerve endings.
Pollution sources are:
Almost all synthetic boards, large core boards, wallpaper and adhesives commonly used in decoration contain formaldehyde; Interior wall coating, paint, etc. Containing substances such as benzene; Wood-based panels, electroplated parts, coatings and other materials used for furniture also contain substances harmful to human body such as formaldehyde and benzene; Materials such as marble and granite all contain radioactive elements. Structurally speaking, the pollution sources of indoor decoration are mainly: ceiling, wall, floor and furniture.
Decoration pollution source 1. Ceiling, pollutants are putty, concrete, ceiling materials, etc.
Pollution sources of decoration II. Walls, pollutants are putty, concrete, wall modeling materials, wallpaper, marble, tiles and other materials;
Pollution source of decoration. On the ground, pollutants include concrete, tiles, marble, plywood, composite wood floors, insecticidal powder, etc.
Pollution source of decoration. Furniture, pollutants include sofas, beds, wardrobes, mattresses, cabinets, bookcases, TV cabinets, paints, coatings, glue and so on.
There are all kinds of plates, paints, coatings, tiles, stones and so on. In the home decoration. If unqualified building materials are used, harmful substances such as aldehydes, benzene, ammonia and radioactive elements contained in the materials will pollute our living environment and thus harm our health. At present, the above-mentioned main indoor pollution sources in home decoration have not been well managed, and it is even more impossible to completely eliminate them. The pollution sources that are not well treated are mainly radioactive pollution, which comes from concrete, tiles, marble and so on. If the indoor decoration radioactive material exceeds the standard, it can only be dismantled and reinstalled; Paint compounds (voc) exceed the standard and contain thousands of carcinogens, which is the main cause of human diseases.
I hope the above will help you.
Question 8: What are the household air pollution? Six "invisible killers" of decoration pollution
The King of Killers-Formaldehyde
▲ What is formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a colorless and soluble gas, which can be absorbed by respiratory tract, and its aqueous solution "formalin" can be absorbed by digestive tract. Because formaldehyde accounts for the largest proportion of household pollution, it is also the most difficult to control, so we call it "the king of killers".
▲ Source of formaldehyde in indoor air
Indoor decoration plywood, blockboard, medium density fiberboard, particleboard and other artificial boards all contain formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is used to synthesize a variety of adhesives, such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde, amino formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin, etc. Because of its strong adhesion, it also has the functions of strengthening the hardness of plates, preventing insects and preventing corrosion. Other decorative building materials that contain formaldehyde and may be emitted to the outside world, such as prefabricated panels, wall stickers, wallpaper stickers, chemical fiber carpets, foam plastics, paints and coatings with urea-formaldehyde foam resin as thermal insulation materials. At present, urea-formaldehyde resin, the main component of adhesive used in wood-based panel production, will gradually release the residual unreacted formaldehyde in the panel to the surrounding environment, which is the main body of formaldehyde in indoor air. Decoration materials and new combination furniture are the main sources of formaldehyde pollution.
▲ Harmfulness of long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde
Formaldehyde has a strong carcinogenic and cancer-promoting effect. According to a large number of documents, the effects of formaldehyde on human health are mainly manifested in abnormal sense of smell, * * *, allergy, abnormal lung function, abnormal liver function and abnormal immune function. When its concentration reaches 0.06-0.07mg/m3 per cubic meter of air, children will have mild asthma. When the formaldehyde content in indoor air is 0. 1mg/m3, it will have peculiar smell and make people uncomfortable. When it reaches 0.5mg/m3, it may * * eyes and cause tears; Up to 0.6 mg/m3, which may cause throat discomfort or pain. When the concentration is high, it can cause nausea and vomiting, cough and chest tightness, asthma and even pulmonary edema; When it reaches 30mg/m3, it will give birth and cause immediate death.
Long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde is even more harmful, which can cause chronic respiratory diseases, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colon cancer, brain cancer, menstrual disorder, gene mutation in the nucleus, DNA single-strand cross-linking and DNA-protein cross-linking, inhibition of DNA damage repair, pregnancy syndrome, neonatal chromosomal abnormalities, leukemia, and memory and intelligence decline of adolescents. Among all the contacts, children, pregnant women and the elderly are particularly sensitive to formaldehyde, which is more harmful. The International Institute of Cancer recommends that it be regarded as a suspected carcinogen.
Benzene is a carcinogen. Mild poisoning can cause drowsiness, headache, dizziness, nausea and chest tightness. , and may have mild mucosal symptoms. Severe poisoning can lead to blurred vision, shallow and rapid breathing, arrhythmia, convulsions and coma.
Smiling black benzene
▲ The source of benzene in indoor air
Benzene in homes and office buildings mainly comes from a large number of chemical raw materials used in building decoration, such as paints, fillers and various important solvents, which contain a large number of organic compounds and are sent indoors after decoration. Mainly the following decorative materials are expensive:
Paint: Benzene compounds are mainly volatilized from paint.
Tianna water and thinner: There are a lot of additives in paints and coatings.
Various adhesives: Some sofas bought by families release a lot of benzene, mainly because adhesives with high benzene content are used in production.
Waterproof material? Waterproof coating was prepared with raw powder and diluent. After running for 15 hours, the benzene content in indoor air exceeded the national maximum concentration 14.7 times.
Some low-grade and fake paint
▲ What is benzene?
Benzene is a poison with specific affinity for human hematopoietic system, which exists in various paints and solvents. Because of its fragrant smell, it is not easy to arouse people's vigilance and avoidance, and it is known as the "smile killer".
Benzene is a colorless liquid with a special aromatic smell. Toluene and xylene with boiling point of 80℃ belong to homologues of benzene, and they are both products of coal tar fractionation or petroleum cracking. At present, toluene and xylene are often used as solvents or diluents for various adhesives, paints, coatings and waterproof materials in interior decoration, instead of pure benzene.
▲ Harmfulness of benzene to human body
Benzene is volatile, flammable and explosive. When people inhale high concentrations of toluene and xylene in a short time, they may suffer from central nervous system anesthesia, ranging from dizziness, headache, nausea, chest tightness, fatigue and confusion to coma, leading to respiratory and circulatory failure and death. If long-term exposure to a certain concentration of toluene and xylene will cause chronic poisoning, there may be neurasthenia symptoms such as headache, insomnia, listlessness and memory loss. ......& gt& gt
Question 9: What are the five main culprits of indoor decoration pollution? Mainly from plates, such as wood-based panels, sandwich panels, adhesives and so on. Long-term contact can cause cancer of nasal cavity, oral cavity, nasopharynx, throat, skin and digestive tract; Low-dose exposure can lead to chronic respiratory diseases, pregnancy syndrome and even nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Benzene mainly comes from paints, coatings, adhesives, wallpapers, carpets, synthetic fibers, detergents and solvents. Benzene has a special smell, but it is a strong carcinogen. Long-term inhalation will destroy the human circulatory system and hematopoietic function, leading to leukemia.
Radon-The latest research released by the World Health Organization shows that radon has become the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Professor Zhi, director of the lung cancer diagnosis and treatment center of Capital Medical University, said that radon is a natural radioactive gas, colorless and tasteless, just like "invisible smoke". Its main hiding places are granite and ceramic products such as tiles and sanitary ware. The average radon content per cubic meter increased 100 baker, and the risk of lung cancer increased 16%. In the United States, about 60 people die of radon every day, which exceeds the number of AIDS deaths.
Ammonia-mainly comes from concrete additives and interior decoration materials. Ammonia gas is very soluble in water, and has a rapid effect on eyes, throat and upper respiratory tract, and is strong in * * *. Tears, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, etc. It will appear after inhaling a large amount of ammonia for a short time. Especially in winter construction, it exists in antifreeze in large quantities.
Total volatile organic compounds-mainly from furniture, wallpaper, etc. It can cause immune level disorder, affect the function of central nervous system, appear dizziness, headache, lethargy, chest tightness and other symptoms, and may also affect the digestive system, leading to loss of appetite, nausea and so on. In severe cases, it will damage the liver and hematopoietic system.