I. Bai nationality
The Bai nationality is the largest ethnic minority in China 15, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and other provinces, among which the Bai nationality in Yunnan Province has the largest population and mainly lives in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. In addition, it is also distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing.
Second, Yi people
Yi nationality is the sixth largest minority in China, and its national language is Yi language, which belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are six dialects in North, East, South, Southeast, West and China, including five sub-dialects and twenty-five dialects.
Third, the Hui nationality.
Hui nationality is the abbreviation of Hui nationality, and it is a minority with a large population in China. Contemporary Hui people use Chinese, and different regions hold different dialects.
Four. Naxi (NX)
Naxi nationality is one of the 56 ethnic groups in China and one of the unique ethnic groups in Yunnan. Most of them live in Lijiang, northwest Yunnan, the rest are distributed in other counties and cities in Yunnan, Yanyuan, Yanbian and Muli counties in Sichuan, and a few are distributed in Mangkang county in Tibet.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Lisu nationality
Lisu people belong to the South Asian type of Mongolian race, and their national language belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Characters are divided into old and new Lisu languages and generally believe in primitive religions.
Extended data
1, religious belief
(1) The religious belief of the Bai people in Dali is the worship of the Lord. According to the survey, the religious belief in worshipping the Lord was formed in Nanzhao period, and it has been continuously improved with the development of society, and its content has become more and more abundant.
(2) the worship of the Lord is polytheism. Every village has its own God, and some villages or dozens of villages share the same God.
(3) Belief in the Lord is different from Buddhism's cultivation of the afterlife, and it is also different from Taoism's deity. This is just an expectation of a bumper harvest and good weather in this world. The general principle of worship of the Lord is that "those who work hard will be worshipped, those who are determined by labor will be worshipped, those who can withstand catastrophes will be worshipped, and those who can fight catastrophes will be worshipped". Worship of the Lord is a religious expression of the Bai people's longing for a better life, and it has never failed so far. ?
2. National costume
White clothing
(1) The colors of Bai costumes are mostly red and white. Contrast colors and bright color blocks are used to create excellent harmony. Women's clothing is gorgeous and simple, the upper body clothing and headdress are more complicated, the lower body skirt is relatively simple and simple, the clothes of young girls are more gorgeous, while the clothes of older women advocate elegance.
(2) Young girls like to braid their hair, and the headdress is folded into a long strip and covered on their heads. The red rope is wrapped around the braid, forming a pattern with a dragon horn on the top and a dragon and phoenix tail on the bottom. A tassel on the left hangs on their ears and flutters with the wind. "Cangshan Green, Erhai Blue, Moonlight, Camellia Red, Wind and Snow" is a true portrayal of Bai costumes.
3. National Dance
(1) Whip dance is a characteristic representative of Bai folk dance. The colored sticks used in the dance performance are made of mangosteen, and a string of 326 copper coins is worn between the bamboos. When dancing, the dancer holds a colored stick in his right hand, moves both ends of the whip with his left hand and taps all joints of his body with the whip.
(2) The crisp and pleasant sound of Bawangbian matches the rhythm of this piece of music, which is more beautiful and pleasant. There are hundreds of methods in Wang Ba's whip dance. Dance movements are coherent, light and vigorous, and can often be synchronized with other dances to form a variety of movements, forming formation patterns such as "one-stop" and "four plum blossoms".
(3) The overlord whip dance is suitable for all ages, and the more people, the warmer the atmosphere. During the national festivals, we often enjoy this interesting, beautiful and light dance in various Bai villages.
4. Traditional festivals
(1) playing sea club
Also known as Corpse Festival.
Time: Shangguan and Xizhou began on July 23rd of the lunar calendar, while Dali and Shimonoseki began on the eighth day of August of the lunar calendar.
Introduction: The next day, Bai people dressed in costumes gathered on the shore of Erhai Lake, swimming around Erhai Lake in floats, singing folk songs and tuning tunes, no less than the Spring Festival. There will also be grand dragon boat races in Dali and Shimonoseki, and festivals often last for three to five days.
(2) Around the Three Spirits
Time: April 23rd to 25th in the summer calendar.
Introduction: Bai people also have a special saying around the Three Tombs: "Travel north in three days, travel south in four days, and return home in five days." This means that the festival activities around the Three Spirits will last for three days. On the 23rd festival, people gathered in Shengyuan Temple at the foot of Wutai Mountain in Cangshan to pray for a song.
march street
Also known as Guanyin city
Time: March 15th to 21st of the lunar calendar.
Introduction: On that day, people flocked to the foot of Cangshan Mountain from all directions. March Street is the biggest traditional festival of Bai people, which is not only a grand meeting of material exchange, but also the center of various cultural and sports performances such as horse racing, Yunnan opera and lanterns. Very lively, unprecedented.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Dali