1. It has a long history and a solid foundation

(1) Hangzhou has been a famous tea producing area since ancient times, and its tea culture has a long history

Jinjiang in Hangzhou is surrounded by lakes. It has the West Lake in the west and the Qiantang River in the south. Influenced by the steam regulation of one river and one lake and the southeast Asian monsoon, it has a warm and humid climate, with gentle winds and drizzles, and the unique microclimate is very conducive to the growth of tea trees. Therefore, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Hangzhou was a famous tea-producing area. According to Lu Yu's Tea Classic, "Qiantang (tea) gives birth to Tianzhu and Lingyin Temple", "Hangzhou Lin 'an and Yuqian County give birth to the mountain in the morning, which is the same as Shuzhou".

In the Southern Song Dynasty, tea business flourished in Hangzhou, and tea shops in the city flourished. At the same time, tea etiquette from temples to palaces to the people has become a system. It was during this period that the famous Jingshan Tea Ceremony was formed.

(2) Numerous famous teas have built a solid foundation for Hangzhou tea culture

Hangzhou has been a famous tea producing area since ancient times, for example, three of the 13 famous teas in the Ming Dynasty were produced in Hangzhou. Today's famous teas in Hangzhou mainly include: West Lake Longjing in Xihu District, Jingshan Tea in Yuhang District, Thousand Island Jade Leaves in Chun 'an County, Snow Water Cloud Green in Tonglu County, Thousand Island Silver Needle in jiande city, Tianmu Qingding in Lin 'an City, Fuchun Minglu in Fuyang City, Marble Sanqing Tea in Xiaoshan District and osmanthus tea in Binjiang District. It is these famous teas that have built a solid foundation for Hangzhou tea culture.

2. Various types and colorful

(1) Beautiful scenery of tea villages

From Longjing Tea Village to Jingshan Tea Village and Tianmu Qingding Tea Village, all tea villages in Hangzhou are beautiful and lush.

tea gardens are as green as dye, and layers of tea mountains connect the sky. During the spring tea, it was drizzling, covered with mountains and plains, and covered with clouds. The tea garden is surrounded by shady trees. Whenever the temperature rises in early spring, tea buds are like bamboo shoots startled by winter thunder, spitting out salary buds, green tea bushes, azalea all over the mountains, mountain streams, paths, bird songs, flowers and tea songs, and beautiful, exquisite and lively tea-picking girls shuttle between the tea bushes. Chashan at this time, called fairyland on earth, is not an exaggeration.

Modern people are in a bustling city, and they are more yearning for a tea town that is as beautiful as a fairyland. After a visit to Longjing Tea Village, the modern poet Tang Tao wanted "the poet should not be a tea farmer". In his poem "Visit to meijiawu Tea Village in West Lake", he said: "meijiawu Village is green and dry, and a wisp of cigarettes surrounds Xiufeng. So the lake and the mountain return, the poet does not do tea farmers. "

(2) Exquisite tea-picking and tea-making techniques

After hundreds of years of practice, tea farmers in Hangzhou have accumulated a set of exquisite tea-picking and tea-making techniques.

Generally, before and after the Qingming Festival, the criteria for picking tea are different according to different grades. For example, the best Longjing tea has delicate buds and leaves, and the criteria for picking tea are that one bud and one leaf are blooming, and there are about 81,111 tea buds per kilogram of dry tea.

The frying technology of Longjing tea is ingenious. The frying techniques include shaking, taking, lapping, throwing, pressing, spreading, buckling, pressing, grinding and pushing, which are called the top ten techniques. When frying, the technique is changed from time to time, which is very clever because of the situation.

(3) Unique quality style and taste interest

Many famous teas in Hangzhou have their own unique quality styles. For example, West Lake Longjing is famous for its "green color, rich fragrance, sweet taste and beautiful shape". Its appearance is like a bowl nail, its color is green or brown rice, it is fresh and oily, its aroma is fresh and lasting, its taste is sweet and delicious, its leaves are yellow and green, and it is tender and even. Camellia japonica is delicate in appearance, compact in knot, green in color, durable in chestnut fragrance, refreshing in taste, light green in soup color and tender in leaf bottom; Thousand island jade leaves are straight and flat in shape, quite like jade leaves, with strong buds, mellow taste and foam resistance, bright soup color and thick and uniform leaf bottom; Snow cloud green is straight and flat in shape, light green like lotus seed, wrapped in silver velvet, fragrant and elegant, and so on.

As most famous teas in Hangzhou are green teas, they are also unique in drinking. Taking Longjing tea as an example, it is advisable to brew it in a transparent glass. Looking through the glass, it is like an orchid blooming, fresh and blossoming, with a flag and gun standing, which complement each other, slim and lifelike; The tea soup is light green, clear and bright, raised to a glass to taste, fragrant and fragrant, fresh and delicious. Regarding the tasting of Longjing tea, Lu Ciyun in Qing Dynasty once had a subtle admiration: "Longjing tea is really sweet as orchid, quiet but not bitter, and it seems tasteless when sipped indifferently. After drinking it, I feel that there is a kind of harmony, which is between my teeth and cheeks, and it has no pearl taste or even taste."

(4) Ancient and touching tea legends and anecdotes

As the birthplace of many famous teas, Hangzhou has had many legends about tea since ancient times, including the legend of "eighteen imperial teas" and the legend of the origin of the name "Longjing".

Famous tea has left many anecdotes with many celebrities. From Emperor Qianlong, who said, "You can't live without tea for a day", to revolutionaries of the older generation such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, and then to American President Nixon, North Korean Prime Minister Kim Il Sung, Japanese Prime Minister tanaka kakuei, British Queen Elizabeth and French President Pompidou, they all have deep roots with Longjing Rong.

These allusions and anecdotes are indispensable parts of tourism, which increase the cultural connotation and interest of the substantive landscape and can achieve fascinating results.

(5) Various forms of tea ceremony

Tea ceremony with distinctive features in Hangzhou tea culture is mainly composed of three parts: court tea ceremony, folk tea ceremony and temple tea ceremony.

The palace tea ceremony in Hangzhou was quite large in the Song Dynasty, and it was very representative. Song Huizong Zhao estimates that there is a "Wen Hui Tu". At the bottom of the picture, there are four waiters serving tea and wine, with tea on the left and wine on the right. The huge scheme can sit around twelve places. There are precious shame, fruit and flower arrangement on the banquet table. There is a censer and a harp on the stone table behind the tree. The whole banquet was set in a spacious hall, and the atmosphere was more formal than that of ordinary tea drinking. It was a ceremonial court tea banquet.

The folk tea ceremony in Hangzhou has developed rapidly since the Southern Song Dynasty (the Song Dynasty was a period when tea culture expanded from the middle class to the bottom, making tea culture gradually become the etiquette and fashion of the whole nation), and quite a few of them have continued to this day. The main manifestations are: welcoming guests and seeing them off are treated with tea, and courtesy is the first choice, especially at the level of marriage and sacrifice.

For example, Wu Baimu, a Song Dynasty poet, recorded the "tea ceremony" in Hangzhou's marriage custom at that time, commonly known as "tea ceremony", that is, the bride price when a man proposed to his wife. Of course. Longjing tea is the main content of the betrothal gift. "Tea ceremony" is an important form for men and women to finally determine their marriage relationship.

In many places in Hangzhou, on New Year's Eve, a bodhisattva is invited, and the first tea picked in that year should be taken as an offering, so as to pray for good weather and good tea harvest in the coming year. On the first morning of the New Year's Day, every household must let men get up first, make a cup of Longjing tea with the annual output, take two golden balls and put them in front of the Kitchen God Hall to pay homage to the gods of heaven and earth. Every year, before the new tea goes on the market, it is also necessary to offer sacrifices to the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth, in order to let them taste the new tea first, and at the same time, to give it to relatives and neighbors with fine fruits of various colors, which is called "seven teas". Tea farmers are most afraid of drought and insect disasters. If they encounter drought and insect disasters, they must sacrifice the pig's head to the Dragon King Bodhisattva and Meng Jiang Bodhisattva, and sometimes carry the dragon king's throne, beating gongs and drums all the way and going for a ride on the tea mountain. This is called "ecstasy". The purpose is to ask for rain and eliminate insect pests.

The temple tea etiquette in Hangzhou is a unique charm in Hangzhou tea culture etiquette. Tea culture in Hangzhou is closely related to Buddhism. According to records, the earliest tea plantation in Hangzhou was the temple. Lu Yu wrote in the Book of Tea: "Qiantang (tea) gave birth to Tianzhu and Lingyin Temple." Baoyun Temple, Baishi Temple and Chuishi Temple in the mountainous areas of the two lakes in Hangzhou all produce tea. Moreover, because the health preservation and meditation in tea theory are consistent with Buddhism, it has promoted the development of temple rituals. One of the most famous is the Jingshan Temple Tea Banquet in Yuhang. Jingshan Temple in the Song Dynasty was named after Buddha and tea, and was known as the crown of Shan forest in the south of the Yangtze River. At the tea banquet, we should sit and talk about Buddhist scriptures, tea ceremony and poetry. The tea banquet in Jingshan has a certain program.

(6) Tea poems, tea words and tea couplets appreciated by refined and popular tastes

There are many famous tea poems and tea words in Hangzhou, which run through ancient and modern times. For example, Jiao Ran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, drank Tianmu tea for Lu Xun, and Huang Fuzeng, a contemporary of Lu You, sent Lu Hung-chien back to pick tea every day, and Gan Long wrote a song about tea picking, a sentence about tea before the rain in Longjing, a well in Youlong, and brew tea accidentally sitting on a dragon well. In particular, "Longjing Spring, a new tea in Longjing, is called cooking", "It is tender before the fire and old after the fire, but riding fire is the best. West Lake Longjing is famous for its old name, so it's time to try its way. Modern times, such as "Longjing Tea Tiger Running Water" written by Zhou Xiangjun, are like flowing clouds and water, which is fascinating.

Tea couplets in Hangzhou mainly focus on tea affairs, and are often hung on the doorways or stone pillars of Hangzhou teahouses, teahouses, tea rooms, tea shops and teahouses. In the past, there were many tea couplets in Linhaiting, Jiuxi Tea Farm and Ouxiangju in several streams in Hangzhou, but now there are many tea couplets in Hangzhou Longjing Xiucuitang Tea Room, Jiuxi Eighteen-stream Tea Hall and L Xihu International Tea Village, the home of tea people. Such as: "it is better to stay in a small place, and eat Zhaozhou tea;" The day can be delayed, try to sing the same song as an all-consuming love ","Nothing and Linxi, have a cup of tea; There are springs to fill, and then you can come back when you are free. The spring comes from the stone, and the white peaks of tea are more round. The spring makes the tiger run, and the famous tea is called Longjing. If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, you will never be as beautiful as the famous tea. These tea couplets often give people the beauty of simplicity and elegance, and they also give people a sense of righteousness and wisdom, and they can also increase the taste of tea.

(7) Hangzhou Teahouse with Unique Charm

Teahouses in Hangzhou have a long history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the tea business flourished, the Jin people destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty established its capital in Hangzhou, which brought Confucianism and court culture of the Central Plains here and made this beautiful city's tea shops flourish. "Dream Liang Lu" contains: "Hangzhou tea shop, inserting flowers at four o'clock, painting by famous people, decorating the facade, selling strange tea and soup at four o'clock." At that time, there were different kinds of teahouses, some of them drank tea while listening to the piano and telling stories, some literati gathered for tea parties, and some street vendors often talked about the land while fighting tea at street tea stalls. Zhao Yufan specially recorded this scene in the "Tea Fighting Map". Teahouses became very common in Ming Dynasty, and Zhang Dai and Wu Jingzi described them in detail in their literary works. In The Scholars, a Mr. Ma Er went to Wu Shan and saw that "there are more than 31 tea sellers in this street alone". By the middle of the 9th century, there were more than 211 teahouses in Hangzhou, including its suburbs.

Now, according to statistics, there are more than 311 teahouses in Hangzhou. Hangzhou Teahouse is a beautiful landscape of Hangzhou tea culture. Hangzhou locals like to soak in teahouses, and foreign residents also like to go to Hangzhou teahouses to experience Hangzhou's tea culture and the life of "paradise residents". In September, 2111, Hangzhou Daily reported an interesting story. A foreigner spent 15 days in Hangzhou and actually spent 12 days in a teahouse, so that some people called Hangzhou a teahouse city.

Today's Hangzhou Teahouse mainly has the following characteristics:

First, famous tea is matched with famous water, and it is really interesting to enjoy tea.

good tea must be mixed with water. Longjing tea and Tiger Running Spring are a perfect match. Tiger running is a famous spring in the world. The tea and water in Hangzhou Teahouse are both delicious. Teahouses, whether in the halls, terraces and pavilions, or in the valleys in the mountains, are complex or simple, and always exude natural aura.

Secondly, Hangzhou Teahouse combines "immortal spirit", "Buddha spirit" and "elegance".

In Hangzhou, all kinds of teahouses are generally elegant and simple, and there are not many mixed rap and folk art like Beijing and Tianjin. There is no "incubating teahouse" that combines Shanghai bathhouses with tea; It is rarely like Guangzhou and Hong Kong, which "eat tea" on a famous day and actually eat snacks and porridge.

Walking along the West Lake, Su Causeway, Bai Causeway, and teahouses experience the harmony between the lake and the sky and the blending of people and tea. If you go to Lingyin, the bells of ancient temples, curled cigarettes, devout Buddhist disciples, gurgling spring water flowing, and then go to the teahouse to drink a cup of Longjing, you are not a Buddhist, but it seems that you have touched the Zen machine from tea. As for the side of the West Cold Printing Society, the inside and outside of the Tea People's House, calligraphy, painting and poetry constitute a natural and elegant style. In the face of the remains of Ge Hong, Ji Dian and Zi Niangzi, you are not a fairy, and the tea is naturally touched with "fairy spirit".

thirdly, the whole landscape of Hang Cheng constitutes the natural atmosphere of Hangzhou teahouse culture.

The whole city of Hangzhou is a "big tea hut" that doesn't need to be carved deliberately. This is unparalleled in teahouses in other regions. In Hangzhou, tea is naturally integrated with people, heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, clouds, bamboo stones and flowers. Humanity and nature, tea culture and Wu Yue culture are blended.

(8) Numerous tea culture buildings

There are many famous tea culture-related buildings in Hangzhou, and the China Tea Museum, the "Home of Tea People" and the "International Tea People Village" are all located in Hangzhou. For example, China Tea Museum is the only national professional museum focusing on tea in China. It was officially opened to the public on April 24th, 1991. Houses with red tiles and stone walls are built on the hillside of Chashan Mountain, surrounded by green and lush layers of tea gardens. The scenery in the museum is elegant and fresh, with its graceful bearing and unique tranquility and beauty, attracting guests from all corners of the country.

The Tea Man's House is the first tea culture institution in China, which was officially completed in the spring of 1985. It is an antique imitation Qing-style classical building hidden in the shade next to Hangzhou Botanical Garden. The overall environment is quiet and tranquil. The gold-lettered tablet of "Tea Man's House" was written by Sha Menghai, a famous calligrapher. Its front hall is a teahouse, which is open to the outside world and has a beautiful and clean environment. There used to be a cloud of tea customers. Behind the teahouse is the inner courtyard, with a welcoming porch. In the garden, there are also "wax figures of Lu Yu drinking tea and writing books", a huge teapot, a picturesque pool stone landscape, bamboo-repairing beauty flowers and so on. (Source: Xu Qinglai, editor of Hangzhou Travel Network)