No matter the owner of Xibei Youmian Village or the founder of Orange Hotel, their personal pain in the survival dilemma of small and medium-sized enterprises under the epidemic has dispersed the focus of recent public opinion from a single epidemic prevention and control to the resumption of work and production of small and medium-sized enterprises. ?

the voice of public opinion has also been answered by the policy. in order to adhere to the "two-handed grasp" of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, many ministries and local governments have successively introduced measures to promote enterprises to resume work and production. However, from the voice of enterprises, some policy initiatives still need further improvement. ?

"according to the declaration and inspection process for enterprises to resume work formulated by our local government, the most appropriate and safest way for small and micro enterprises like me, with only about 11 employees, is not to resume work, otherwise the cost and expense of simply meeting the policy requirements will be very high. I plan to resume work in early March. As far as I know, the small factories opened by some friends around me have not resumed work at present, and I plan to see the situation again in early March. " Hebei, a small and micro enterprise owner engaged in engineering parts processing, told the China reporter. ?

At the moment of the epidemic, enterprises in different industries encounter different practical difficulties, but the preparations before returning to work are similar. According to the policy of returning to work formulated by local governments, enterprises basically have to go through a series of outflows such as application, on-site inspection and approval. The above-mentioned small and micro business owners showed the reporters the documents that need to be submitted to the government for the resumption of work in this area, including the Approval Form for Resumption of Work during the Outbreak, the Commitment Letter for Epidemic Prevention and Control, the Work Plan for Epidemic Prevention and Control of Resumption of Work, the Enterprise Employment Roster, the employee health declaration card, the epidemic prevention and control detection process, etc. In addition, enterprises also need to bear the responsibilities of abandoned masks management, personnel control, health inspection, emergency material reserve, and goods access control. ?

The tedious preparation process for enterprises to resume work is controversial. On February 11, the relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that the National Development and Reform Commission would strictly stop the practice of restricting enterprises to resume work by simple and rude means such as examination and approval. "Some places have adopted a reporting system for enterprises' resumption of work and production, and some have set pre-approval conditions. These practices are not in line with the central spirit of strengthening scientific prevention and control of the epidemic and orderly doing a good job in enterprises' resumption of work and production." ?

in order to ensure enterprises to resume work and production, the policy level has begun to exert its strength. In particular, in order to ensure the capital needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, the financial regulatory authorities have introduced specific measures to support the trapped small and medium-sized enterprises, such as appropriately relaxing the criteria for determining non-performing loans, reducing loan interest rates, and extending loans. However, many analysts have called for the adoption of the urban epidemic classification policy. In cities where the epidemic situation is not serious and the prevention and control effect has been fully achieved, while improving the prevention and control capabilities and means, they should resume their work and start business independently and in time to restore normal economic and social life. At the same time, fiscal policy should consider giving tax incentives to some industries and enterprises. According to the SARS epidemic period, targeted measures such as reducing or exempting policy funds and implementing tax incentives can be implemented for industries seriously affected by the epidemic to stabilize employment and economic growth. ?

financial policies support small and medium-sized enterprises in distress, and loans can be extended appropriately?

after China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the policy of financial support for epidemic prevention and control, local banking and insurance regulatory bureaus successively issued financial measures to guide banking financial institutions within their jurisdiction to support small and micro enterprises in distress. Judging from the policy measures issued by the Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, small and micro enterprises in trouble are expected to enjoy preferential policies such as loan extension, loan interest reduction and loan interest rate reduction, and accordingly, the regulatory authorities will appropriately relax the criteria for identifying non-performing loans of banks. ?

The Shanghai Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau issued a document stipulating that for small and micro enterprises with expanded capital demand affected by the epidemic, those who meet the requirements should actively increase the credit line, and they are not forced to provide additional information or new credit enhancement measures, and can withdraw money at any time to meet the temporary capital needs of enterprises. For enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic and have loans due in the near future, make full use of ways such as non-repayment of loans and annual review system to ensure that they should be renewed. Banking institutions in Shanghai are encouraged to take the initiative to renew loans for customers whose loans expire before June 31, 2121 but are difficult to repay on time due to the epidemic, and the loan renewal period shall not exceed one year. ?

at the same time, each bank can set a policy grace period for a certain period. If the enterprises in the relevant industries affected by the epidemic are temporarily unable to repay the due loans normally and are overdue, the default interest and compound interest will not be counted, and the customer's credit record will not be affected. For enterprises that temporarily lose their sources of income due to the epidemic, they can submit their credit records according to the adjusted repayment arrangements, and it is not mandatory to classify such loans overdue for 91 days or more as non-performing. ?

Jiangsu Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau also proposed to further increase credit support for enterprises that have not laid off employees and those that have expanded their employment. All kinds of loans that meet the requirements for deferred repayment during the epidemic prevention and control period are not included in the overdue statistics, and no penalty interest is charged. The regulatory authorities will further relax the tolerance of non-performing loans of small and micro enterprises during the epidemic as appropriate, and make a statistical assessment of the non-performing loans of small and micro enterprises written off in 2121. ?

Zhejiang Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau has made it clear that during the first-level response period in the province, for enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic and have temporary repayment difficulties, measures such as deferred repayment, installment repayment, extension, and non-repayment of loans will be taken to ensure that they will not be overdue, default interest will not be counted, loan classification will not be lowered, and credit information will not be affected. Enterprises with difficulties in returning to work may be granted a loan extension of not less than 3 months depending on the situation, and the period of epidemic is not included in the number of days in loans overdue. ?

It is worth noting that in terms of interest rate concessions, Zhejiang Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau has set a specific upper limit level, and at the same time publicized the preferential interest rate policies of banks within its jurisdiction. It is clear that for the existing stock loans, banks will calculate the current interest in February 2121 at the LPR rate not higher than the same level for industries and enterprises seriously affected by the epidemic, such as manufacturing, wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, and give the highest interest-free policy. ?

For example, Zhejiang Branch of Agricultural Development Bank proposed that disaster relief emergency loans and loans for small and micro enterprises involved in epidemic prevention and control should be given a maximum discount of 1.5 percentage point, with the lowest interest rate of disaster relief emergency loans reduced by 1.45 percentage point to 1-year LPR and the lowest interest rate of loans for small and micro enterprises reduced by 1.5 percentage point to 1-year LPR. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Zhejiang Branch has made it clear that a grace period of 15 days will be uniformly set from October 31 for personal business loans handled in the name of small and micro enterprise owners. For small and micro enterprise loans due from October 31th to March 31th, it can be extended for half a year. ?

voice from business owners: do you want to introduce policies such as tax reduction and exemption to help "cut costs"?

banks have already made arrangements for the financial support policies issued by the financial regulatory authorities. A person from the inclusive finance Department of a large state-owned bank told the China reporter that banks have introduced many measures to solve the financial problems encountered by enterprises, and everyone has a much deeper understanding of the relationship between banks and small and micro enterprises than before, and the measures are highly targeted and operable. However, the problems encountered by enterprises are various, especially under the epidemic situation, it is also very important to play the role of the government, including the support of fiscal and taxation policies. ?

A person in charge of an enterprise engaged in the production of small household appliances in Foshan told China, a brokerage firm, that for many small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, although the negative impact of the epidemic is not as great as that of catering, hotels and other service industries, if they stop production for more than one month, they will also bring greater losses. I hope that the government will introduce policies such as tax reduction and exemption, and policy adjustment on flexible employment. ?

"There are about 51 workers in our factory, most of whom are from Guangxi. There are many reasons for not returning to work now. " The above-mentioned Foshan business owners said that, first, most workers' hometown villages were closed, and people were not allowed to go out casually. In addition, many public traffic was suspended, so it was not convenient to go back to Foshan to work. Second, business owners also have concerns, and they are still in the critical period of epidemic prevention and control. In case workers are diagnosed after returning to work, the whole factory will stop working at that time, which is even more uneconomical for enterprises. ?

according to the introduction of the above-mentioned Foshan business owners, most local small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Foshan have not returned to work, and many friends who run factories around them plan to return to work from the end of February to the beginning of March. ?

when asked what measures the government should take to help enterprises tide over the difficult period of the epidemic, the above-mentioned Foshan business owners think that the government should take corresponding measures to help enterprises "cut costs" when they can't return to work to obtain operating income. First of all, for many small and medium-sized enterprises, the pressure of taxes and fees is still high, hoping to introduce more targeted tax reduction and exemption measures; Secondly, labor cost has become the biggest expenditure item of many enterprises. The current employment system has too many constraints on business owners, and social security payment, employee salary increase and minimum wage requirements, and employee dismissal policy arrangements are not "friendly" to enterprises. Take the delayed payment of social security in some places as an example, this policy has little effect on small and medium-sized enterprises. Social security is only delayed but the total amount has not been reduced by one point, and the actual burden of enterprises has not been reduced. ?

in addition, the rental expense is also a big expense, but it is difficult to solve in the short term. The business owner said that at present, many enterprises' site leasing is a market behavior, and it is necessary to negotiate with the landlord whether the rent can be reduced in a special period. However, with the change of many industrial land into residential or commercial land in recent years, the industrial land is becoming less and less, and the factory rent is rising, which increases the burden on enterprises. To alleviate this problem, we need to rely on the government to relax the land policy appropriately and increase the land supply. ?

Color, an associate professor in the Department of Applied Economics of Guanghua School of Management of Peking University, deputy director of the Institute of Economic Policy of Peking University, and chief economist of Founder Securities, said in an exclusive interview with China, a brokerage firm, that although the Ministry of Finance had previously implemented large-scale fee reduction and tax reduction, in the face of the COVID-19 epidemic, we still suggest that targeted tax concessions should be implemented for industries seriously affected by the epidemic in order to stabilize employment and promote growth. Among them, wholesale and retail, transportation, tourism and leisure, restaurants, entertainment media and other industries are seriously affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, so it is suggested that some industries and enterprises be given tax concessions. For example, during the SARS epidemic, in order to ensure the normal production and business activities, the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China implemented preferential tax policies for some industries that were directly affected by the epidemic from May 1 to September 31, 2113. At the same time, the Ministry of Finance also reduced or exempted 15 government funds for related industries.