New Zealand, Australia and Canada seize the primary industries such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and realize industrialization (secondary industrialization) through deep processing and upgrading of the primary industry; Singapore and Hong Kong creatively used port services, finance and logistics to develop "light" industries and service industries, which not only achieved economic take-off, but also created the "Asian miracle" (the third industrialization).
At present, for most county economies, industrialization may only be realized by developing manufacturing industry, and Xinzhou can not only take the same industrialization road, but also embark on a new industrialization road driven by port services, with broad prospects.
Port economy is an escalating industrial agglomeration economy. Generally, the industrialization driven by manufacturing industry is promoted step by step along the ladder of agriculture, light industry, heavy industry, equipment manufacturing industry and post-industry. The evolution law of port service-driven industrialization is different from this logic. Basically, it can be divided into four stages: nurturing Hong Kong by land, nurturing Hong Kong by Hong Kong, promoting Hong Kong by Hong Kong and promoting the market by Hong Kong.
The stage of "raising Hong Kong by land". In the early stage of port construction, the revenue of the port is not self-sustaining, and it needs the support of funds, technology, market, talents, management and other resources from shore departments. However, due to the insignificant social benefits, the motivation of private investment at this stage is not strong. From the experience of foreign countries, this period is often dominated by state financial input. The new eco-port promotes the agricultural division of labor and the start of farmers' non-agriculture by expanding the sales markets of traditional industries such as agricultural products and cotton textiles.
The stage of "nurturing Hong Kong with Hong Kong". This stage is the take-off stage. Companies directly related to port activities have developed rapidly, such as loading and unloading companies, terminal companies, ship repair shops, port services, collection and distribution and freight forwarding industries. Among them, shipbuilding, ship repair and offshore steel industry are the most important pillar industries.
"Promoting Hong Kong through Hong Kong" stage. Enterprises in the hinterland of the port often embed the port area into their production and supply and marketing decisions intentionally or unintentionally. Due to the good commercial conditions in the port area, a large number of investors will enter, making the port a supply source of regional and even national production materials, demand information and technology selection, and a springboard for all kinds of enterprises to enter the global market. Distribution processing and deep processing have become the prominent features of this stage, and chemical industry, automobile assembly, electronic assembly and electromechanical assembly are the pillar industries of the port area.
"Promoting the market with Hong Kong" stage. The port plays an important role in transportation, which makes it an important link in regional economic operation. Due to convenient logistics and developed information, the production cost of urban enterprises is greatly reduced. The development of port promotes the development of urban processing industry, finance and trade service industry, which in turn promotes the development of port. Cyclic accumulation, the port has gradually become the center of economic development. Corresponding supporting functions such as education, scientific research, culture, life, entertainment, medical care and real estate will also be developed. Ports are more and more community-oriented. Financial real estate, tourism and leisure, catering business, customs declaration and freight forwarding industry and other industries are feng shui treasures for entrepreneurs to dig gold and silver. First, a natural harbor. Yangluo Port is the largest deep-water port in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and a "golden waterway". The dam is a solid boulder that will not expand or collapse. It can dock 5000-ton ships all the year round and 10,000-ton ships half the time. The first phase of 50,000 TEU underwater berth project, 6,543.8+10,000 square meters land project and container yard of International Container Transfer Center have been completed, and it is estimated that the scale of 6,543.8+10,000 TEU will be completed by 2065.438+00. There is a public bonded warehouse in the port, which belongs to Class B of the National Bonded Logistics Center, and there is a customs joint inspection building, which has the potential to fly directly to Shanghai 24 hours a day. From the policy support of "two-oriented society", the industrial support of Hubei Shipbuilding Port, the shipping foundation of "thoroughfare of nine provinces", social benefits and the limitation of high water depth, Yangluo has more comparative advantages than other Yangtze River ports such as Jiujiang, Yueyang, Nanjing and Chongqing.
Second, planning first. Previously, some coastal port areas put forward the development idea of "development first, planning later" and blindly invested huge sums of money to build ports and docks with similar functions. Now it seems that these "development impulses" have caused huge sunk costs, affected the space for port economic upgrading, and wasted resources and opportunities. Yangluo port is different, as early as before liberation, Yangluo port began to investigate and demonstrate. After liberation, it was demonstrated many times. 1995, the State Planning Commission approved the construction of Yangluo Deepwater Port, the largest modern port in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. From 65438 to 0992, the Wuhan Municipal Government decided to build a "Yangluo Economic and Technological Development Zone" with a planned area of 67 square kilometers, and began to promote the construction of Yangluo Port. The demonstration and planning of nearly a hundred years have fully considered the geographical, cultural, natural, social and economic factors of Yangluo Port, ensured the needs of the shipping center of Yangluo Port and even the container center at all stages of development, reduced the trial and error cost of enterprises and avoided the huge sinking cost of some coastal areas.
Third, industrial upgrading can be completed in a unified way. The industrial planning of Yangluo Port formed after long-term demonstration has reserved sufficient development hinterland and geographical space for industrial development. Unlike Hong Kong, in the stage of assembly economy, we had to "go out" because there was nowhere to expand locally. It also predicts the profit margin of industrial upgrading, unlike enterprises in developed regions, which are forced to transfer industries and pay a high price when international oil prices and exchange rates rise. Enterprises investing in Yangluo Port may be eliminated because of industrial upgrading, but filling in the corresponding industries in the planning is like a platter, which can not only complete the industrial upgrading and transformation, improve the predictability of enterprise development, but also improve the profit rate of enterprise investment. Although Xinzhou bravely embarked on a new road to promote industrialization with port services, it is still in the late stage of the first stage, and self-operated funds are far from meeting the needs of rapid port upgrading. If Yangluo can take advantage of the four opportunities of industrial transfer, the rise of central China, global integration and the re-industrialization of China, according to the general theory that port services drive industrialization, tens of billions of industrial chains will be born in the next 5 ~ 15 years.
Marine steel deep processing-shipbuilding-ship repair-port construction and river dredging, container-electromechanical assembly-chemical industry-automobile parts and other assembly industries, selection-classification-agricultural products, iron ore and oil and other primary products deep processing industries, financial real estate-logistics foreign trade-customs declaration forwarders-leisure tourism and catering. Among them, the output value of marine steel deep processing-shipbuilding-ship repair-port construction and river dredging accounts for at least 40%.
According to the relevant principles of economics, from the perspective of per capita GDP, when the per capita GDP reaches 3,000 US dollars, heavy industry investment will start, and the transportation, storage and distribution processing of non-agricultural products will gradually increase, and water transportation will become the main mode of transportation. Taking the ratio of Shanghai transportation storage output value to GDP as the reference standard, and then calculating the corresponding output value by the ratio of transportation output value to shipbuilding and other related industries 1: 6. In 2006, the GDP of six central provinces, Chongqing, Sichuan and Guizhou was 5,762.936 billion yuan, and the output value of transportation, warehousing, post and telecommunications should be 3,765.438+0,965.438+0.5 billion yuan. Even if Yangluo Port only gets one-fiftieth of the supply, it will have 7.438 billion yuan, and the output value of deep processing of marine steel-shipbuilding-ship repair-port construction and river dredging industry will be at least 40 million yuan.
The output value of financial real estate-logistics foreign trade-customs declaration freight forwarding-leisure tourism catering contributes more to GDP, and only real estate appreciates by at least 50 billion yuan. The difference of 3,000 yuan per square meter between the two ends of the existing Yangluo Bridge opened to traffic will form an output value of 48 billion yuan according to the calculation of 32 square meters per capita in Wuhan. Financial insurance, customs declaration and freight forwarding industries will also promote the appreciation of Yangluo real estate.