core tip: the design of modern architecture advocates green architecture. It is to save resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protect the environment and reduce pollution, provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and live in harmony with nature ...

1 Foreword

The design of modern buildings advocates green buildings. It is to save resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protect the environment and reduce pollution, provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and live in harmony with nature. Among them, electric energy, as the most important energy source, has become an important index in building energy conservation. Therefore, electric energy measurement is very important in architectural design.

in the design of power supply system of building electricity, the requirements of power supply department, property management department, various electrical codes and local standards should be comprehensively considered in the measurement setting.

2 specifications and standards for electrical measurement

(1) The Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings mentions the measurement problem in many places. For example, it is required in Article 4.4.11 that voltage and current transformers specially used for metering can be installed or reserved at the incoming line of 11(6)kV power supply of power users according to the regulations of local power supply departments. Article 5.3.2 requires that the following devices and circuits should be equipped with power meters: 1)11(6)kV power supply and distribution lines; 2) The measuring point of active power of the power consumption unit; 3) Motors that need technical and economic assessment; 4) Other devices and circuits that need to measure active power according to the requirements of technical and economic assessment and energy-saving management. Standard 11.6.15 stipulates that the design of low-voltage lighting distribution system should be convenient for metering according to economic accounting units. Article 24.3.7 stipulates that the boiler room shall be equipped with measuring instruments required for economic accounting: total electricity consumption.

(2) There are many local standards that also require relevant measurement. The Technical Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Energy Consumption Monitoring System for Office Buildings of State Organs and Large Public Buildings have detailed provisions. Clause 4.2 requires that the sub-metering circuit should be set reasonably, and the following circuits should be set with sub-metering meters: (1) the outlet circuit of the low-voltage side of the transformer; (2) separately measured external power supply circuit; ③ Power supply circuit in special area; ④ Main power supply circuit of refrigeration unit; ⑤ The cold and heat source system with separate power supply is attached with a pump circuit; ⑥ Split air conditioning circuit with centralized power supply; ⑦ Main circuit of lighting socket; ⑧ Elevator circuit; Pet-name ruby other electricity circuit should be measured separately.

3 sub-item classification of sub-item energy consumption

The electricity consumption of lighting sockets refers to the general term for the electricity consumption of indoor equipment such as lighting and sockets in the main functional areas of buildings. Air-conditioning electricity consumption is a general term for equipment electricity consumption that provides air-conditioning and heating services for buildings. Power consumption refers to the power consumption of equipment (excluding air-conditioning and heating system equipment) that provides various power services (including elevators, ventilation in non-air-conditioned areas, domestic hot water, tap water pressurization, sewage discharge, etc.). Power consumption in special areas refers to the power consumption of electrical equipment that does not belong to the normal function of buildings. Special power consumption is characterized by high energy consumption density and a large proportion of total power consumption. Table 1 can be used as a classified list.

4 levels of design measurement

In the public construction projects designed, most of the measurement requirements of the first floor come from the power supply scheme issued by the power supply department about this project, for example, the power supply scheme of a project requires:

Metering method of the meter: group 5A, two sets of newly installed three-phase electro-optical master meters on the side of high power supply and high capacity 11kV, Attached are two sets of newly installed three-phase 381/221 power sub-table 5A and four sets of newly installed three-phase 381/221 power sub-table 5A, and attached is CT751/5-12.

Two kinds of electric meters are required, one is to add high-voltage meters (two metering cabinets) in the 11kV metering cabinet, and the other is to install low-voltage meters on the low-voltage side. The power sub-meter can make a total measurement of all power consumption in this bus. The power sub-meter is required in most projects in Beijing, but it is generally not required in other projects, and only high-voltage meters need to be set directly. Generally, a comprehensive electric energy measuring device is installed on the low-voltage outlet side of the transformer for the total electricity consumption measurement of buildings, which is generally not required by the power supply department, but it is of great reference value to managers. This meter measures other power consumption except transformer power consumption.

the metering of the third floor is set in the lower power distribution system after the low-voltage outgoing line of the substation room. The measurement requirements are basically to meet the management needs of Party A.. For example, the electricity consumption in rental areas, such as catering units, gyms, swimming areas, independently operated shop units, and rentable office units, can be independently operated. The meters at this level are scattered, which can be located in the shafts of each floor or at the terminal distribution box.

under normal circumstances, the three-layer metering device should have been able to meet the requirements of users and managers. Of course, in the later use process, it is possible to add meters as needed, such as the division of building units and the division of rental units. The design of distribution system should be able to adapt to this change flexibly and reduce the amount of changes.

Now many manufacturers produce products of power monitoring system. Through this system, we can not only ensure the safe operation of the power system, but also know the operation status of the power system, and monitor various operating parameters of the power system in real time, and analyze and count the data. Power monitoring system has become an important part of power system automation. Of course, in the design process, due to the various functions and models of power monitoring instruments, the price levels are also different, so it should be reasonably selected in the design process to achieve the best cost performance. The electric energy metering design of the building's electrical system also needs flexible configuration, so that the configured sub-metering system can reflect the energy consumption of each sub-item as accurately and truly as possible, and the configuration cost can be controlled within the reasonable budget.

The above are collected and sorted by Zhongda Consulting.

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