3. Details of dining etiquette

~ Chinese food etiquette

(1) After taking a seat, while getting ready for dinner, you can have a casual conversation with the people at the same table to create a harmonious dining atmosphere. Don't sit alone, staring at the cold dishes on the table, and you can't wait.

(2) When the host raises a glass to signal the start, the guests can start, so don't get ahead of the host.

(3) The dishes should be served in a civilized manner. You should wait for the dishes to turn to your own face before moving chopsticks. Don't get ahead of your neighbor, and it is not advisable to serve too many dishes at a time.

(4) chew slowly, which is not only conducive to digestion, but also a etiquette requirement at the table. Never put something in your mouth in chunks and wolf it down, otherwise it will give people the impression of greed.

(5) Don't be picky about food, don't just stare at your favorite dishes, or pile them on your plate in a hurry.

(6) Eat gracefully, don't touch your neighbor when picking up food, don't put the food on the plate on the table, and don't spill the soup.

(7) Don't make unnecessary noises, such as "grunting" when eating soup and "beep" when eating vegetables. These are rude expressions.

(8) After eating, you can wipe your mouth with napkins, napkins or small towels sent by waiters, but it is not advisable to wipe your hair or chest; Don't burp or gasp uncontrollably after a meal; The guests can't leave the table before the host signals the end.

Rules and taboos of using chopsticks: Don't hold chopsticks to talk to others, put chopsticks on the chopsticks rack when talking, or put chopsticks side by side next to the rice bowl; Don't use chopsticks to push rice bowls and dishes, and don't use chopsticks to fork steamed bread or other food; Don't lick the attachments on chopsticks with your tongue; Don't be obsessed with chopsticks, hold chopsticks but don't know what to clip, wander back and forth between dishes, or use chopsticks to dial the dishes on the plate; Avoid tears and chopsticks. When you clip vegetables, the juice drips. You should hold a small dish, first clip the dishes into the small dish and then serve them. Avoid moving chopsticks, that is, just put the dishes in this plate and then put the dishes in that plate. You should put another plate after eating. Don't knock chopsticks, knocking chopsticks is a respect for the owner. In addition, chopsticks should usually be placed next to the bowl, not on the bowl. If you need to leave temporarily during the meal, you should put chopsticks gently next to the bowl on the table and never insert them in the rice bowl. At present, many banquets implement public chopsticks and spoons, and it is not possible to scoop soup for others with chopsticks and spoons used by individuals alone.

~ western etiquette

1. Use western tableware correctly

Food plates should be placed in front of the dining table. Put it on the right side, put the fork on the left side, and both of them swing inward from the right outside in the order of use. When eating a big meal, these tableware are placed in the order of appetizer, soup, seafood, meat, cold drink, baked food, salad and dessert. Usually knives and forks are paired, but the spoon for soup is used alone. Dinner usually begins with soup, and the biggest spoon placed in front of you eats the spoon, which is placed on the outermost side of your right. The knife and fork on the table shall be subject to three pairs. After the three courses are served, they shall be removed, and then new knives and forks shall be placed with the dishes. There are forks and spoons for dessert after dinner. The butter knife for spreading bread oil is placed on the bread plate on the left. If there is fish in the menu, it is usually served after the soup is used. There is a special fork for eating fish on the table, which is placed on the outside of the meat fork and slightly smaller than the meat fork.

British people and Americans have slightly different habits of using knives and forks. When serving meat as the main course, although they all hold knives in their right hands and forks in their left hands. But the British took the fork with their left hand, put the fork head down, tied the meat up and sent it to the mouth; If there are stewed vegetables, pick them on the fork with a knife and send them to the entrance. Americans, on the other hand, put down the knife after cutting the meat, take the fork with their right hand, insert the fork tip up under the small piece of food, and scoop up the food and send it to the mouth. After eating, the British put the knife and fork in the center of the food plate, and never let one end of the knife and fork rest on the plate and the other end on the table. But the Americans put the knife across the lower right edge of the plate, with the fork on the side and the fork tip facing up.

In the west, you are only allowed to eat salad with a fork. Hold the fork with your right hand and the fork tip is up. There is usually a salad fork.

In addition, you should take bread with your hands instead of a fork. Bread is placed on the side of a small dish or on the edge of a large plate. When buttering bread, you should break off a piece of bread and butter it with a knife before eating, instead of buttering the whole bread at once. Otherwise, no matter where you bite, the butter on the bread will stick to your face.

you don't have to put down your knife and fork when talking at the dinner table. But if you want to make gestures, you should put down your knife and fork, and never hold it in the air. In addition, don't stand up and take the knife and fork.

2. knowledge of wine used in western food

foreign wines are divided into red wine, white wine and rose wine according to color; According to the nature, it is divided into: sweet wine, neutral wine and dry wine. Generally, the less alcoholic, the larger the glass used. Such as: champagne glasses > Red wine glasses > White wine glass > Shirley glass > Porto glass > Strong sweet wine glasses.

(1) When eating soup, use sherry.

(2) When eating fish and seafood, use dry white wine.

(3) When eating fat, rich beef, mutton and game, use highly red wine, most commonly Burgundy wine.

(4) When eating light beef and mutton, use low-alcohol red wine, such as port wine.

(5) When eating poultry meat, use low-alcohol red wine, neutral dry white wine or rose wine.

(6) When eating cheese, use red wine and port wine.

(7) Sweet white wine or champagne can be served with pudding.

~ table manners

(1) Tea drinking etiquette

1. Treat guests with tea when they visit

Before making tea for guests, first wash your hands and wash the teacups or bowls. Pay special attention not to entertain guests with broken cups or bowls. Pay attention to whether there is tea dirt in the cup or bowl, and if there is, be sure to wash it off. Ceramic products are the best tea set.

2. Pay attention to the variety

You can't use old tea, you must brew new tea. As for whether guests like green tea, black tea or scented tea, they can ask for advice in advance. As far as receiving foreign guests is concerned, Americans like to drink teabags, Europeans like to drink black tea, and Japanese like to drink oolong tea.

3. Serve tea

When serving tea, the host can offer tea to the guests, or the waiter can serve tea to the guests. When the host offers tea to the guest, he should stand up, hand the cup to the guest with both hands, and then say "please". Guests should also stand up, take the cup with both hands and say "thank you". Don't sit still and let your master plan for you. This should also be the case when adding water.

when the waiter serves tea, he should first serve tea to the guests, and then serve tea to his own people. If there are many guests, tea should be served to the guests first. The specific steps of serving tea are: first, put the teacup on the coffee table, pass the teacup from the guest's right side, hold the saucer in his right hand, and attach his left hand to the saucer. If there is nowhere to put the tea tray, you should hold the tea tray with your left hand and pass the tea with your right hand. Be careful not to put your fingers on the edge of the teacup, and don't let the teacup bump into the guest's hand. Say "I'm sorry" if it interferes with the guests' work or conversation. Guests should thank the usher for his service. If there is no special usher, the secretary can temporarily serve as the receptionist.

if tea and snacks are used to entertain guests, snacks should be served first. Snacks should be served on a small plate for everyone, or on a large plate for several people. The dessert plate should be delivered from the right side of the guest with the right hand. When it is finished, it can be removed from the right side.

4. Drink tea

Neither the host nor the guest should gulp down tea or drink it loudly. You should taste it slowly and carefully. When you meet tea leaves floating on the water, you can brush them off with a teacup cover or gently blow them away. Never take it out of the cup by hand and throw it on the ground, and don't eat tea.

5. Advise tea

When you are talking and drinking, you should add water to the guests in time.

In the past, China used to invite tea repeatedly as a way to remind guests that they should leave. Therefore, when entertaining the elderly or overseas Chinese, we should be careful not to persuade them to drink tea again and again.

6. Tea Ceremony

Tea art has strict operating procedures:

Smell tea. After the guests sit down, the host takes out the tea and introduces the characteristics and flavor of the variety, while the guests pass on the smell goods in turn.

warm pot. Just pour boiling water into an empty pot to make it warm, and then pour the water into a "tea boat"-a kind of purple sand tea tray.

fill the tea. Fill an empty pot with tea leaves with a teaspoon, usually half full. Never use your hands.

moisten tea. Flush the pot with boiling water, and when the pot is full, scrape off the tea foam on the pot surface with bamboo chopsticks; Immediately pour the tea into the "tea boat".

brewing. At this point, you can officially make tea. Use boiling water, not boiling water.

water the pot. After covering the pot cover, pour boiling water outside the pot body to make the temperature inside and outside the pot consistent.

warm cup. During the tea-making interval, use the original wet pot and moistened pot water in the tea boat to soak and wash the small handless cup.

carry the pot. After the first pot of tea is made, carry the pot around the edge of the tea boat for several weeks, so as to avoid the water drops at the bottom of the pot from entering the small handlebars.

pour the tea. Line up the small handlebars. Lift the teapot and pour it back and forth, commonly known as "river patrol" Don't pour a second cup after one cup is full, so as to avoid uneven shade.

to tea. Hold the first cup of tea in both hands to honor the guests present; If there is more than one guest, the first cup of tea should be given to a respected elder.

have tea. The guests hold a small handless cup, watch the tea color, smell the tea, smell the tea fragrance, and then move between the nose and lips, or sniff or sip, so intoxicated that I forget everything.

In Japan, tea ceremony is used to entertain guests, with emphasis on rendering an atmosphere. As for tea, everyone has a small bowl, or all the participants take turns drinking one bowl, not one bowl after another.

7. Tea party

Tea party is often used as a form of entertaining guests in the west. Tea parties usually start around 4 pm and are set in the living room. Just prepare the seat and coffee table, there is no need to arrange the seating. Besides drinking tea, you can also serve some snacks or flavor snacks at the tea party. Tea parties are sometimes used to entertain foreign guests in China.

(2) drinking etiquette

1. Refuse

If you don't drink or don't intend to drink at the party, you can politely stop others from toasting, but don't refuse them all. Drink at least a little soda, juice or other drinks to make the seat full of joy. There are usually three ways to refuse a toast: the first way is to ask for some non-alcoholic drinks and explain why you don't drink. The second method is to let the other person pour a little wine in the cup in front of him, and then gently push the bottle away with his hand. According to etiquette, you can not drink what is in the cup. The third method is to tap the edge of the glass gently when the toaster pours wine into his glass, which means "I don't drink, thank you". When the host or friend makes a warm toast to himself, don't hide, let alone put the glass upside down, or quietly pour the wine respected by others on the ground.

2. Pour wine

As a host, you should first pour wine for your guests. Bottles should be opened on the spot, and the glasses should be the same size. If there are elderly people present, or elders, guests from afar or comrades with higher positions, we should first propose a toast to them. If this is not the case, we can pour the wine clockwise in turn, so we should fill it up, but don't overflow it. As a guest, when the host pours wine for himself, he should get up or bend over to hold the cup or make a gesture to show his respect.

At a formal banquet, after opening the bottle, the waiter should first pour some for the host to taste. The host should take a sip first, carefully evaluate it, and then taste it. When he feels that the wine served meets the requirements completely, he will signal to the waiter that he can pour the wine for the guests. The order of pouring wine is: the guest of honor first, then the other guests. When pouring wine, the glass should be placed on the dining table, and the bottle should not touch the glass.

3. Drinking

People who can drink should taste the wine politely before drinking. You can appreciate the color of the wine first, smell the aroma, take a sip and taste it slowly; Don't show your magnanimity by raising your glass and gulping it down without looking; Don't let the wine flow down the corner of your mouth; There is no need to raise your little finger when raising a glass to show your elegant behavior; It is not advisable to smoke while drinking. In view of the easy gaffes and discourteous manners after drinking, the amount of alcohol consumed in foreign activities should be controlled below half of the normal amount. Educated drinkers don't let others hear their swallowing when drinking.

4. Toast

At a formal banquet, all hosts propose a toast. People who can drink should take a drink back. When toasting, keep your upper body straight, raise your glass with both hands, and then drink after the other person drinks. The attitude of toasting should be warm and generous. At the grand banquet, the host will propose a toast to each table in turn, and each table can send a representative to the host's table to have a drink in return.

Enough is enough when toasting, and the meaning is enough. Don't get others drunk sincerely, and don't secretly pour hard liquor into other people's soft drinks.

when it is necessary to drink a toast to foreign guests, the host and the guest of honor should drink a toast first in the order of protocol. When toasting or toasting someone, you should stand up and raise your glass and look at each other. When there are many people present, you can raise your glasses at the same time without clinking glasses one by one. When you drink a toast, you can say one or two simple and friendly toasts. Cheers. Avoid touching glasses with others. This is a big taboo.

At a formal banquet abroad, the host usually raises his glass first and asks the guests to raise their glasses together. If he wants to drink to the health of the ladies present, he should not forget any of them. Guests, younger generations and ladies are generally not the first to propose a toast to the health of the host, elders and men.

when a lady accepts a toast, she doesn't have to raise her glass and smile to express her gratitude. Naturally, it is better to drink a little.

when drinking to the health of distinguished people, it is best to drink all the wine in the glass at once. If you know that you can't drink enough, you should only pour a little wine in advance.

5. Toast

Generally, a toast is needed before drinking the first glass of wine. The toast should closely focus on the central topic of the banquet. Toasts must be short, concise, rich in content and humorous. This is conducive to dialogue and communication with each other. The toast can be prepared in advance, but the most important thing is to improvise.

6. When attending a foreign banquet, you should know the drinking custom and toast of the other party in advance. When the host and guest make a toast, they should stop talking and drinking. You can't drink alcohol when playing the national anthem.

If you hold a family banquet for foreign guests, you should pay attention to the cleanliness of the wine utensils and don't use worn-out wine glasses. Westerners generally drink low-alcohol wine. They often lack perceptual knowledge of Chinese spirits, so they should remind each other not to overdo it in an appropriate way and should not pour wine for them again and again. Drink different wine, use different glasses.

The drinking customs in some countries are completely different from those in China, so you should know about them before receiving foreign guests. For example, the Japanese pay attention to drinking heartily, but they don't agree with the words and deeds of indiscretion after drinking. They only clink glasses when toasting, and it is the toaster who kneels in front of the toasted person, holding a wine bottle and constantly pouring wine for each other.

In some countries, it is emphasized that the glass should be held in the palm of your hand. If it is a goblet, you should hold the foot of the glass with your fingers. Drink beer without clinking glasses, but you can wish each other health.

7. Etiquette convention

"Let's have a glass of water and wine to express our feelings", and it is not bad to use wine as a catalyst to connect feelings and enhance friendship. Drinking should follow the general drinking etiquette and norms.

(1) When a toast is needed, don't drink too much. Keep a clear head and don't forget.