Wisteria sinensis (scientific name: wisteria sinensis), also known as rattan, rattan, yellow ring, etc. It belongs to Leguminosae and Wisteria, and it is a deciduous climbing and winding vine. Wisteria is a warm and temperate plant with strong growth adaptability. Spring flowers, blue-purple butterfly corolla, purple or deep purple flowers, very beautiful. Purple flowers can be boiled and cold-mixed, or they can be wrapped in noodles and fried to make folk snacks such as "purple radish cake" and "purple radish cake". Next, I will introduce more detailed information about Wisteria. Basic information of wisteria
Morphological characteristics of wisteria
Wisteria, deciduous liana. The stem is right-handed, the branches are thick, the tender branches are white pilose, and the back is bald; Winter buds are ovate. Odd pinnate compound leaves are 1.5 ~ 25 cm long; Stipules linear, caducous; 3 ~ 6 pairs of leaflets, papery, oval to ovate-lanceolate, with larger upper leaflets, 1 pairs of smallest base, 5 ~ 8 cm long and 2 ~ 4 cm wide, tapering from the apex to the tail tip, obtuse or wedge-shaped at the base, or skewed, with tender leaves covered with prostrate hairs on both sides and bare at the back; Petiole 3 ~ 4 mm long, pilose; Stipules spiny, 4 ~ 5 mm long, persistent.
The raceme originates from axillary buds or terminal buds planted with short branches for one year, with a length of 1.5-31 cm and a diameter of 8-11 cm, and the inflorescence axis is white. Bracts lanceolate, caducous; The flowers are 2 ~ 2.5 cm long and fragrant; Pedicel thin, 2 ~ 3 cm long; Calyx cup-shaped, 5 ~ 6 mm long, 7 ~ 8 mm wide, densely covered with fine silk hairs, the upper 2 teeth are blunt, and the lower 3 teeth are ovoid triangle; Corolla is silky, the upper 2 teeth are blunt, and the lower 3 teeth are ovate triangle; The corolla is purple, the flag petal is round, the apex is slightly concave, bloom is retrorse, there are 2 calluses at the base, the wing petal is oblong, the base petal is round, the keel petal is shorter than the wing petal, it is broadly sickle-shaped, the ovary is linear, it is densely villous, the style is hairless, it is upward curved, and there are 6 ~ 8 ovules.
The pod is oblanceolate, with a length of 11 ~ 15cm and a width of 1.5 ~ 2cm. It is densely covered with fluff, and does not fall off from the hanging branches, with 1 ~ 3 seeds. The seeds are brown, shiny, round, 1.5 cm wide and flat. The flowering period is from mid-April to early May and the fruiting period is from May to August.
Growth habit of wisteria
Wisteria is a plant in warm zone and temperate zone, with strong adaptability to climate and soil, cold tolerance, resistance to water, humidity and barren soil, light preference and shade tolerance. The place with deep soil layer, good drainage and shelter from the sun is the most suitable for cultivation. The main root is deep and the lateral root is shallow, so it is not resistant to transplanting. Fast growth and long life. Strong winding ability, it has strangulation effect on other plants.
the geographical distribution of wisteria
In ancient times, it was also called wisteria and rattan. It is native to China, but also distributed in Korea and Japan. It is widely distributed in North China, especially in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Shandong. It is cultivated in East China, Central China, South China, Northwest China and Southwest China. From China to Guangdong, it is widely cultivated in gardens for viewing.
The common varieties are wisteria multiflora, Celastrus argenteus, Redjade vine, White Jade vine, Nanjing vine and so on. There are Wisteria Town and Wisteria Garden in Shanghai and Gu Teng in Suzhou. The main breeding bases are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and other places. It is mainly produced in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basin south of Hebei and in Shaanxi, Henan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
wisteria has strong adaptability, heat tolerance and cold tolerance, and is cultivated from south to north in China. So in Guangdong, the temperature can adapt to wisteria all year round. When overwintering, it should be placed at a low temperature of about 1℃ to keep the pot soil slightly wet and make the plants fully dormant.
the propagation mode of wisteria
the propagation of wisteria is easy, and it can be done by sowing, cutting, layering, rameting and grafting, etc., mainly by sowing and cutting, but because the seedling culture takes a long time, cutting is the most widely used method.
cutting propagation
cutting propagation generally adopts hard cuttings. Before the branches germinate in the middle and late March, thick branches of 1 ~ 2 years old are selected, cut into cuttings about 1.5 cm long, and inserted into the seedbed prepared in advance, and the cutting depth is 2/3 of the cutting length. Spraying water after transplanting, strengthening maintenance, keeping the seedbed moist, the survival rate is very high, the plant height can reach 21 ~ 51 cm in that year, and it can be out of the nursery two years later.
Rooting is the use of adventitious buds easily produced on wisteria roots. Roots with a thickness of 1.5 ~ 2.1 cm are dug in the middle and late March, and cuttings with a length of 11 ~ 12 cm are cut and inserted into the seedbed, and the cutting depth is kept to be level with the ground. Other management measures are the same as branch cutting.
seed propagation
seed propagation is carried out in March. The seeds were harvested in October, and the pods were peeled off, dried and bagged for storage. Soak the seeds in hot water before sowing. When the temperature of boiling water drops to about 31℃, take out the seeds and wash them in cold water for a while, then keep them moist and pile them up for a day and night before sowing. Or store the seeds in wet sand and soak them in clear water for 1-2 days before sowing.
layering, plant division and grafting were all carried out in the middle and late March. The main use value of wisteria
environmental protection value
wisteria has strong resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen oxide, and has the ability to adsorb dust in the air, which has been widely used in greening, especially in three-dimensional greening. It can not only achieve the effect of greening and beautifying, but also play the role of increasing oxygen, reducing temperature, reducing dust and noise.
Ornamental value
This species of China has been cultivated as a garden trellis plant since ancient times. Its leaves bloom first, and purple spikes are covered with sparse tender leaves, which is very beautiful. [2] Wisteria, also known as vines and rattan, is an excellent ornamental vine plant, which is generally used in garden scaffolding. It is rich in purple flowers in spring and has a unique taste. It is suitable for planting in lakesides, pools, rockeries, stone workshops and other places, with a unique style, and bonsai is also commonly used.
wisteria is a long-lived tree species, which is very popular among the people. Adult plants have long and tortuous stems, numerous flowers, clusters of inflorescences hanging among green vines, and slender pods swaying in the wind. Since ancient times, China literati have loved to sing poems and paint on it. In the courtyard, use it to climb around the scaffolding to make a flower gallery, or use it to climb around dead wood, which means dead wood meets life. It can also be made into a cliff-style bonsai with beautiful posture, placed on the top of several high shelves and bookcases, with flowers and trees, and the old piles are oblique, which has a unique charm. [8]
After flowering, the cultivated wisteria will bear pod-shaped fruit, which will be hung between branches, which is interesting. Sometimes it will bloom again in late summer and early autumn. Ears and pods set each other off against the emerald green leaves. Under normal circumstances, potted wisteria should be cut off in time to avoid nutrient consumption. Wisteria is a deciduous vine. During its dormant period, it can be combined with pruning to adjust the branch layout to maintain a beautiful posture. Wisteria has a long life and extensive management. As long as sufficient sunshine and proper water and fertilizer are ensured, it can ensure flourishing flowers every year.
Edible value
In Henan, Shandong and Hebei, people often use wisteria to steam food, which is delicious. The "purple radish cake" in Beijing and "wisteria cake", "wisteria porridge" and "fried wisteria fish", "cold pueraria lobata" and "fried pueraria lobata" in some places are all made with wisteria flowers.
wisteria was regarded as a kind of appetizer, which was in line with the catering customs at that time. Feng Yandeng, a scholar in the Jin Dynasty, praised that wisteria is as delicious as Su Bazhen in the vegetarian feast-the custom of eating wisteria has been passed down to this day. Folk purple flowers are mixed with cold water, or fried with noodles, or used as additives to make flavored pasta such as "purple radish cake" and "purple radish cake".
(Note: the blue and white flowers of wisteria are very beautiful, and they mainly grow in the southern and southwestern parts of the United States, also known as Yundou tree. Its whole body is toxic, although some reports say that its flowers are not toxic, it is better to be careful. Because a large number of reports and scientific research have proved that once eaten by mistake, it will cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. )
medicinal value
wisteria is used as medicine with stem bark, flowers and seeds. Wisteria can extract aromatic oil, detoxify and stop vomiting and diarrhea. The seeds of wisteria are slightly toxic and contain cyanide, which can treat bone and muscle pain and prevent wine from spoiling. Wisteria bark can kill insects and relieve pain, and can treat wind arthralgia, pinworm disease and so on.
taste: sweet, bitter and warm. It has small toxicity, and its toxicity is toxic to pods, seeds and stem skins. People eat pods and seeds and suffer from vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dehydration. Children who eat two seeds can cause serious poisoning.
indications: relieving pain and killing insects. Used for abdominal pain and pinworm disease.
usage and dosage: 5g. (from compendium of materia medica and compendium of materia medica)
Prescription:
1. To drive away burning insects: root 11-15g, decocted in water.
2, physical weakness: 31 grams of root, stewed pork to eat.
3. Wind-warming arthralgia: decoct Wisteria root and Caragana root with 15g water.
4. Pain in bones and muscles: 51 grams of wisteria seeds are fried and soaked in a catty of soju. Take 25 grams each time, once a day in the morning and once a night.
5, ascites swelling: moderate amount of wisteria, add water to decoct the concentrated juice, remove the residue and add sugar to boil into a paste, one spoonful each time, and take it with boiling water twice a day.
6. Gastric cancer: 1-6g of wistaria tumor, equal amount of Fructus Erigerontis, Scolopendra and Fructus Chebulae, decocted in water, and taken twice a day. Plant culture
wisteria language
Wisteria language: live for love and die for love.
wisteria language: intoxicating love and yearning.
wisteria language: the happiest moment when I am persistent with you!
wisteria language: addicted love.
Related literary works
Huang Yueyuan and Huang Delin's Flower Sutra
Du Shenyan's Du Wei Shan Ting
Xu Hun's Wisteria
Zong Pu's Wisteria Falls
Li Bai once wrote a poem: "Wisteria hangs clouds and trees, and flowers are suitable for spring. The dense leaves hide the singing birds, and the fragrant wind keeps the beautiful people. " In late spring, it is the time when wisteria blooms. But I saw a string of huge spikes of flowers hanging from the branches, blue in purple, like clouds, and grayish brown branches winding like dragons and snakes. No wonder painters throughout the ages love wisteria as a good subject for flower-and-bird painting.
Zhu Xuanxian has created Chinese paintings such as Wisteria Shuang Yan and Wisteria Shuang Yan. In Zhu Xuanxian's wisteria works, the characteristics of writing with a pen and painting with a carving knife are fully utilized.
related legends
once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl who liked to wear purple clothes. She sincerely prays to the old moon in the sky every day, hoping that she will meet someone who can cherish herself. Finally, one day, Yue Lao was moved by the girl's piety and said to her in her dream, "When spring comes, she will meet a man in white in the locust tree forest in the back mountain, and that is the love she has been waiting for for for a long time." The girl silently remembered it and waited for a long time.
When the spring is warm in bloom, the infatuated girl came to the locust tree forest alone as promised, and waited nervously and excitedly for the arrival of her beautiful love-the man in white. But when it was getting dark, the man in white still didn't appear. When the girl was nervous and disappointed, she was accidentally bitten by a snake in the grass. The girl can't walk, and she can't go home. Under the night, the girl begins to be afraid of panic.
Just when the girl felt desperate and helpless, the man in white appeared, and the girl cried out for help in surprise. The man in white came forward to help her suck the poisonous blood from the snake bite on her ankle, and the girl fell in love with him deeply. However, the men in white came from other places, and their marriage was strongly opposed by the villagers. But the girl has made up her mind, and the non-white man will not marry. In the end, two people who love each other both jumped off the cliff and died.
Later, a pagoda tree grew on the edge of the cliff where they fell in love with each other. The tree was actually wrapped with a vine and blossomed with flower pendants, which were blue in purple and beautiful as clouds. Later generations called the flowers on the vine wisteria, which was born around trees and could not survive alone. Some people said that the girl was the embodiment of wisteria, and the locust tree was the embodiment of the man in white. Wisteria was born for love and died for love.