I. Proposing the main functional areas

During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period and in the future, the main tasks of adjusting and perfecting the urban functional zoning and development layout in Qingdao are: following the economic and natural laws, according to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and according to the different requirements of optimization and integration, key development and restricted development, defining the functional orientation of different regions, and formulating corresponding policies and evaluation indicators. To adapt regional development to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, the internal division of labor and the basic conditions of urban and rural development, and to coordinate urban development with urban layout, industrial agglomeration and population concentration, so as to guide and promote Qingdao's comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development. At the same time as the adjustment of urban spatial layout, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, combined with Qingdao's regional characteristics, location advantages and industrial development strategy, we will adhere to the principle of "layout guidance and key driving", adjust and optimize the spatial layout of industrial development, and industrial belts and industrial zones with distinctive industrial characteristics and strong concentration will become the core areas of urban economic development.

2. Comprehensive evaluation of engineering geological environment quality of main functional areas in Qingdao

According to the same elements of engineering geological environment, referring to the discussions of famous experts on urban engineering geological environment and related materials, combined with the unique characteristics of Qingdao's urban engineering geological environment, the first-level evaluation factor and the second-level evaluation factor of the evaluation system are determined (Figure 14-3).

after determining the evaluation factors, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights first, and then the engineering geological environment quality of each evaluation unit in the main functional area of Qingdao is calculated and evaluated one by one. The calculation program is compiled by using the object-oriented C++ programming language, and the units with the same quality grade are circled on the grid diagram with smooth curves, and the comprehensive evaluation result of the engineering geological environment quality suitability of the main functional area of Qingdao is obtained (Figure 14-4).

figure 14-3 evaluation index of geological environment quality of main functional areas in Qingdao

iii. suitability analysis of functional zoning and engineering geological environment quality in Qingdao

1. suitability analysis of optimized integration area

as mentioned above, the scope of optimized integration area in urban areas is Shinan District, Shibei District, part of sifang district, Laoshan District and Development Zone, which refers to the built-up areas and areas with high construction density and development intensity and weak resource and environment carrying capacity.

the optimized integration area is mainly composed of structural denudation landform-hilly area, and the main mountain ranges are Wushan (398.3m above sea level), Fushan (368.1m above sea level) and Taiping Mountain (151.2m above sea level). The quality of engineering geological environment is mainly good, medium and poor.

(1) Excellent Zone (Class II)

The northern part of sifang district is denuded landform, and the southern part of Licang District is alluvial plain. The engineering geological conditions are good and the engineering geological environment is excellent. It is suitable for the development and construction of engineering buildings and the construction of low-rise, multi-storey and high-rise buildings. The cutting board foundation and strip foundation can meet the bearing capacity requirements, and the construction cost is low.

(2) Medium Zone (Class III)

Shinan District, Shibei District and part of sifang district are medium zones, with dense population and high-rise buildings. The engineering activities are not only extensive, but also intense, which strongly changes the original geological environment, and the overload of geological bodies will bring serious consequences. The land available for development in this area is very limited and precious, and it is not suitable for large-scale and large-scale development.

The groundwater in the coastal Bohe area is heavily polluted, so it is forbidden to discharge sewage into the river. It is suggested to afforest and build parks along the river to prevent the pollution from getting worse.

(3) Poor areas (Class IV)

Fushansuo in Shinan District and Shandong Tou in Laoshan District are coastal soft alluvium, and the Quaternary overburden is about 11m thick. The bedrock is late Yanshanian granite, and the soil layer above the bedrock is breccia, which is suitable for underground space development. When carrying out engineering construction, box foundation or pile foundation should be used. The area is densely populated and suitable for developing exhibition business, R&D design and headquarters economy.

Huangdao District is a marine plain, and the soil is mainly silt-containing silty clay, silty clay and a small amount of medium and fine sand layers. The bearing capacity of the foundation is low and the quality of engineering geological environment is poor. During the construction of the project, the foundation should be treated, and the soft soil can be used as the bearing layer of the building. It is suitable for building industrial workshops and light industrial parks with low carrying capacity.

Figure 14-4 Comprehensive Evaluation of Engineering Geological Environment Quality Suitability of Qingdao's Main Functional Area

The rest landforms in the development zone are mainly low mountains and hills, with the overall topography being high in the west and low in the east, and the slope gradient is generally less than 3%. Below Quaternary are Mesozoic volcanic rocks and Yanshanian magmatic rocks, and the main lithology is tuff, granite syenite and contains many dikes. This area does not have the engineering geological conditions for sand liquefaction, collapse and debris flow, so it is a suitable place for engineering construction.

To sum up, in the optimized integration area, the quality of engineering geological environment is generally medium, because the buildings in the area are already very dense, and earthquakes and geological disasters will bring serious consequences, which is not suitable for large-scale and large-scale over-development; Suitable for the development of residential vacation, exhibition business, R&D and design economy. Follow the principles of intensive resource utilization, high industrial structure and coordinated development among regions.

2. suitability analysis of key development zones

key development zones refer to newly-built planning and construction zones in five cities and three districts with great development potential, good conditions for gathering economic population and low development intensity. Key development zones in urban areas generally include some Licang District and Chengyang District. Licang District gradually phased out the low-end processing industry, focusing on the development of urban industry, vocational training, port industry, trade logistics and so on. Chengyang District will build three industrial belts around the east coast, north coast and west coast of Jiaozhou Bay. Such areas should increase construction land, encourage population concentration, speed up industrial agglomeration and urban construction, and promote the process of industrialization and urbanization.

(1) Excellent area (Class I)

The landforms of xia zhuang, Xifu Town and Liuting belong to the alluvial plain area of mountain valley, and the landforms of Chengyang, Hetao and Jihongtan belong to the piedmont alluvial plain area. The engineering geological environment is an excellent area with flat and open terrain, moderate foundation bearing capacity, low building density and large development space, which is suitable for large-scale development.

(2) Liangdeng District (Class II)

Cangkou and Shangma Line are Liangdeng District, and the landform belongs to the piedmont alluvial plain area, with low building density and low land cost. It is suitable for buildings such as industrial parks and residential quarters with large area and moderate development intensity, and is suitable for the development of multi-storey and high-rise buildings. The Quaternary overburden in the area is thick, which is suitable for the laying of municipal engineering construction such as underground heating, gas supply, water supply and communication pipeline network.

(3) medium area (Class III)

There are coastal accumulation plains around Jiaozhou Bay, and the engineering geological environment quality is medium. At the mouth of Moshui River and Baisha River, the groundwater level rises, and the geotechnical engineering conditions are poor. Saline soil and muddy soil are distributed in the area around Jiaozhou Bay in Shuangbu Village and Houyang Village, and a large number of marine sediments are accumulated, and seawater invades in a large area, resulting in serious groundwater pollution and poor engineering properties of rock and soil, which is not suitable for engineering construction, but salt industry and aquaculture can be developed.

Therefore, the overall quality of engineering geological environment in key development zones is excellent and good. With low building density, low land cost and great development potential, the area is suitable for large-scale development, such as urban industry, electronic industry, port industry, land logistics and other industries.

in addition, when the land development exceeds the strength, it is usually necessary to treat or strengthen the foundation with huge economic investment. This kind of situation is expected to be avoided as much as possible for engineering geology professionals. However, due to the location value effect of the city center and the increasingly expensive land as a non-renewable resource, it is an inevitable development trend to exchange economic input for high-density development of land, which shows that suitability is not a fixed value for each land unit or a certain site unit, and the principle of engineering geology cannot be used as the only criterion to measure the suitability of land use. With the development of engineering technology and the change of value judgment, it has different suitability levels. Therefore, suitability analysis should have dynamic and developing thinking.