Harbin can reach Beijing, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jinan, Qingdao, Nanchang, Wuhan, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Changsha, Xi 'an, Chongqing, Dezhou, Hangzhou, Wenzhou and Baotou by train. Harbin is an important railway hub connecting Chinese mainland and Northeast Asia. Trains can reach all large, medium and small towns in the province. Harbin-Dalian Passenger Dedicated Line 20 12 was put into operation, connecting Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway with Tianjin-Qinhuangdao Passenger Dedicated Line and Qinshen Passenger Dedicated Line. It takes only two hours from Harbin to Shenyang and three and a half hours from Dalian. Support the Beijing-Shenyang Passenger Dedicated Line, Beijing-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line and Zhengxi Passenger Dedicated Line to be built in the future. Harbin will arrive in major cities all over the country at that time, at noon, at noon and at night.
With Harbin as the center, the Heilongjiang Passenger Dedicated Line has a design speed of 300 kilometers per hour, the Hamu Passenger Dedicated Line has a design speed of 250 kilometers per hour, and the Hajia Passenger Dedicated Line has a design speed of 200 kilometers per hour. At that time, the Heilongjiang 1 hour economic circle with Harbin as the center will be formed. It will radiate four prefecture-level cities: Daqing, Qiqihar, Mudanjiang and Jiamusi. Harbin West Railway Station, a new passenger station in Harbin Railway Hub, has been completed and put into operation. Harbin North Station of Haqi Passenger Dedicated Line is under construction, and two existing railway stations, Harbin Station and Harbin East Station, are being expanded.
At 9: 00 on August 15 and 17, the first EMU with more than 600 people traveled from Harbin Station to Qiqihar South Station for the first time. At 9: 05, the EMU from Qiqihar South Station to Harbin left in the opposite direction for the second time. This marks the official opening of China's northernmost high-speed railway-Haqi high-speed railway. The China high-speed railway network extends 279 kilometers to the north, shortening the fastest running time from Harbin to Qiqihar from about 3 hours to 85 minutes. The main highways are Suiman Expressway, Jingha Expressway, Hajia Expressway, Una Expressway, Harbin Highway (Tongjiang), Jihei Highway (Heihe) and Heha Expressway.
Highway traffic in Harbin has developed rapidly, and key projects such as Songhua River Highway Bridge, Harbin Section of Beijing-Harbin Secondary Automobile Highway, Harbin-Acheng Automobile Highway, Harbin-Yabuli Secondary Highway, Airport Expressway and Second Ring Road have been built one after another. Highway transportation has developed into a trunk highway network with expressway, special highways and high-grade highways as the backbone. By the end of 2005, the total highway mileage reached 7542 1 km. After years of development, urban public transport has formed a passenger service system that runs through urban and rural areas, with state-owned public transport vehicles as the main body and individual and social vehicles as the supplement. There are 4,293 buses in operation in the city, with a passenger volume of 5 1.35 million passengers and a freight volume of 8 1.48 million tons. Harbin Taiping International Airport, located in the center of Northeast Asia, is an important air traffic hub in Northeast China and even Northeast Asia. Harbin Taiping International Airport can reach major domestic cities such as Beijing, Hong Kong, Taipei, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Xi 'an, Shenyang and Urumqi, as well as international cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Niigata, Seoul, Yekaterinburg, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok and Anchorage.
Harbin's civil aviation started at 1950. Before 1979, there were only five routes in the province, with 15 flights per week, and the annual passenger throughput was only over 70,000 passengers. At the end of 1979, Yanjiagang Airport, Harbin Taiping International Airport, which can take off and land all kinds of large passenger planes day and night, was built. Taiping International Airport is a regular 4E-class international airport with a terminal area of 67,000 square meters and a passenger throughput of 20 13 years100000 passengers.
The preliminary work for the expansion of Harbin Taiping International Airport has started, and the target of the airport expansion project is set at 2020. The expanded Harbin Airport is positioned as a large-scale first-class port airport, which can meet the annual passenger throughput120,000 passengers and cargo and mail throughput1750,000 tons. Traffic pattern: "one axis, four rings and eleven shots"
Rail transit:
Harbin Metro is an urban rail transit system in Harbin and the first cold subway system in China. The project started on March 3, 20081. Planning "nine lines and one ring", with a total mileage of 340 kilometers, some sections are reconstructed by using the original "738 1" civil air defense tunnel project. On September 26th, 20 13, the first and second phases of Harbin Metro 1 Line were put into trial operation. The first phase of Harbin Metro Line 3 is under construction, and construction will start at the beginning of 20 14 1 Line 3, Line 2 and Line 3. The total project of Harbin Metro is expected to be completed within 20 years, with an estimated total investment of 200 billion yuan. The planning of rail transit network in Harbin adopts the method of combining the ground with the underground, the urban area with the suburbs, and the peacetime and wartime. After the completion of the project, new lines will be added, with a total scale of 12 line, 1 loop line and two branch lines.
River-crossing passage (from west to east): Name of bridge transportation mode: Wang Wan Railway Bridge Wang Wan Link Sifangtai Bridge Highway Fourth Ring Expressway Yangmingtan Bridge City Road West Third Ring Songhua River Highway Bridge New Bridge (Songhua River Sister Bridge) City Road Songhua River Highway Bridge City Road Songpu Bridge City Road Binzhou Railway Bridge Binzhou Line Binbei Highway Bridge (Binjiang Bridge (Dongjiang Bridge) Railway Binbei Line (the road is closed). The fourth ring road of Songhua River Bridge in expressway is 776.6 kilometers long, with 5,433 buses in 22 cities and bus passengers reaching165438+600 million. At the end of the year, there were taxis 155 19 in the city.
Harbin combines the characteristics of Chinese and western cities with bold ethnic customs. The annual Harbin Summer Concert, Ice Lantern Garden Party, Ice and Snow World and other large-scale activities show the profound cultural heritage of Harbin. More than 500 cultural and natural landscapes, such as Harbin polar museum, Flood Control Memorial Tower, Confucian Temple, Gokurakuji, Hagia Sophia Church, Russian Central Street, Xiaohong's former residence, Soviet Red Army Martyrs Monument, Northeast Forest Garden, Yabuli Ski Resort and Primitive Forest, together with Jingbo Lake, Wudalianchi and Zhalong Nature Reserve around Harbin, constitute a unique tourist destination in northern China. With these advantages, Harbin
Harbin has always had the reputation of "Little Paris in the East" and "Moscow in the East", and the buildings in the city combine Chinese and Western styles. A famous city combining Chinese and western culture. There are Hagia Sophia Church, Nicholas Church, Russian wooden house, Gothic architecture, Central Street, the annual "Summer in Harbin" concert, the "Ice and Snow Festival" international ice sculpture snow sculpture Competition, and the "International Economic and Trade Fair".
Harbin Ice and Snow World
Harbin municipal government was established in 1999. In order to welcome the Millennium celebration of the Chinese century, give full play to the advantages of Harbin's ice and snow resources, and further explore ideas, it launched an unprecedented super-large ice and snow art boutique project. Harbin Ice and Snow World shows the unique charm of ice and snow culture and ice and snow tourism in Harbin, a famous northern city. Every winter, there is an endless stream of domestic and foreign tourists visiting here. Harbin Ice and Snow World is the largest outdoor super-large entertainment project with the theme of ice and snow in the world.
Harbin Flood Control Memorial Tower
The Victory Monument of Harbin Flood Control was established on June 5438+0958 65438+ 10/day to commemorate the victory of Harbin people over the "57-year catastrophic flood". It was designed by Bagis Jelev, a former Soviet designer, and Lee Kuan Yew, the second generation architect of Harbin Institute of Technology. The location of this tower was decided by Qi Luen, then the mayor of Harbin.
Taiyangdao scenic spot
The only Manjiang Wetland Scenic Area located in the center of China is a national scenic spot, a national AAAAA tourist area and a national water conservancy scenic spot. It was awarded the "Model Award of China's Habitat Environment" by the Ministry of Construction and the "United Nations FOUN Ecological Demonstration Island" by the United Nations Friendship Council. It is famous for its unique northern natural scenery and romantic European customs. The annual Harbin International snow sculpture Art Fair in China and many international and domestic snow sculpture competitions are held here.
In July 2009, Harbin Sun Island was awarded the "Habitat Award" by the United Nations, and it is the only island park in Asia that won this honor.
Yabuli ski resort
Yabuli Ski Resort consists of Windmill Villa, State Sports Commission, Communications Villa, Daqingshan Ski Resort, Communications Villa, Genting Villa, Hero Park and Farmhouse. Shangzhi city, located in the east of Heilongjiang Province, is away from Harbin 193km and Mudanjiang 120km. The highest peak is1374.8m above sea level. The extreme minimum temperature here is -44℃, the average temperature is-10℃, the snow-covered period is 170 days, and the skiing period is nearly 150 days. The best skiing period here is from the middle of 10 to the late March of the following year. The facilities of Yabuli Ski Resort are always perfect, with 1 1 elementary, intermediate and advanced ski trails. There are also 5 km long circular cross-country trails, snowmobiles and sledges in the ski resort, and there are 3 hanging chair ropeways, 3 traction ropeways and 1 handle ropeways. The ski resort also has many modern ski resort machinery and equipment, such as snow machine, snow press and snowmobile. There are many hanging chairs and traction ropeways on the snowy road, so skiers can take the ropeway from anywhere and slide all over the snowy road without taking off their skis.
Zhongyang pedestrian street
Central Street was founded in 1898, formerly known as "Zhonghua Street". 1925 was renamed "Central Street" and later developed into the most prosperous commercial street in Northeast China. The street starts from Songhua River Flood Control Memorial Tower in the north and ends at Jingwei Street in the south. European-style and European-like buildings in the whole street are 7 1, which is a rare architectural art corridor in China, and it is a collection of renaissance, baroque, eclectic and modern-style municipal-level protected buildings 13. It is one of the largest and longest pedestrian streets in Asia. The pedestrian street has a beautiful environment and good order. With its unique European style, rows of fine commercial buildings, colorful leisure communities and colorful cultural life, it has become a beautiful landscape in Harbin. China's first cinema, Ilyushin Cinema, was founded at the intersection of Central Street and West 12th Street in Daoli District. It was founded by Russian architect and Jew Pan Wa Kobotsev in 1905.
1986, the Harbin Municipal People's Government designated the central street pedestrian street as the protection street road. 1 June, 9971became the first commercial pedestrian street in China.
In 2005, Central Street was awarded the "Model Award of China's Human Settlements" by the Ministry of Construction.
In March 2008, Little Paris Oriental-Harbin Central Street was awarded the "United Nations Architecture Achievement Award" by the United Nations, which is the third building complex in China to win this honor. At the same time, Harbin Central Street was awarded the title of "Architectural Art Museum" by the state.
In 2009, Central Street was awarded the first batch of famous historical and cultural streets in China.
civic architecture
Harbin's urban architecture is particularly attractive in major cities in China. There are not only many European-style buildings here, but also very traditional China classical buildings. Since the reform and opening up, a number of modern buildings have sprung up, which makes the city present a combination of Chinese and western architectural styles.
Gothic, Baroque, Byzantine, eclecticism, Art Nouveau, French avant-garde and post-modern architecture in the past. In the urban area, there are Harbin Engineering University (formerly Harbin Institute of Military Engineering), Confucian Temple, Friendship Palace, Institute of Mechanics, No.3 Middle School and other traditional buildings in China with carved beams and painted buildings and red walls and blue tiles. Hagia Sophia
The church of Hagia Sophia was built in March 1907. It was originally an embedded church of the Fourth Infantry Division in Eastern Siberia, Russia. In the same year, funded by Russian tea merchants, an all-wood church was rebuilt on the basis of the embedded church. Rebuilt in 1932, it has become the largest Orthodox church in the Far East, and is well-known at home and abroad for its exquisite architectural art and rich historical and cultural connotations. The church is magnificent and exotic, which has become a unique scenery in Harbin; She is a witness of history and an important relic of Russian aggression against Northeast China. Harbin municipal government first-class protected buildings, the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in the State Council, are now Harbin Architecture and Art Museum.
St. Alexev's church
St Aleksev's Church was originally a military church in Gongzhuling, but it was moved to Harbin after the Russo-Japanese War, and its location has changed several times. 19 12 years, a wooden church was built here, 1935, and it was changed into a masonry structure. Designed by Russian architect smirnoff Toftanovsky. Originally belonging to the Orthodox Church, it was transferred to the Catholic Church in 1980, and now it is called the Church of Our Lady of Innocence.
Former site of the 73rd1Army of Japanese Invaders
The criminal evidence exhibition hall of the 73rd1Army invading China is located in the former headquarters building of 73 1 Army, No.25 Xinjiang Street, Pingfang District, Harbin. After renovation, it has been opened to the public as a basic exhibition. Total area1.500m2, exhibition hall 15. Here, a large number of graphic evidence, physical evidence and empirical evidence are used to accuse the bloody crimes of Japanese troops 7365 and 438+0 invading China.
Heilongjiang radio and TV tower
Long Ta, Heilongjiang Radio and Television Tower, belongs to Heilongjiang Radio and Television Bureau. Its tower is 336 meters high. Long Ta was rated as an AAAA-level scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration. It is a comprehensive multifunctional tower integrating tourism, catering and entertainment, advertising communication, wireless communication and environmental meteorological monitoring. Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival
Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival (in English: Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival) is the first international festival with ice and snow activities in the history of China, which starts on 1 5 every year and lasts for one month. Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival in China, Sapporo Ice and Snow Festival in Japan, Quebec Winter Carnival in Canada and Oslo Ski Festival in Norway are also called the four major ice and snow festivals in the world. Since the establishment of 1985 on October 5th, smart, hardworking and brave Harbin people have turned cold into art, given life to ice and snow, and created a golden season integrating culture, sports, tourism, economy and trade, and scientific and technological activities. Become a world-famous ice and snow event. Through local legislation, 65438+ 10 5 became a grand festival for Harbin people.
Harbin Ice and Snow Festival holds a large-scale winter swimming competition every year, and the scene is very spectacular. At that time, tourists can go to Harbin to see the beautiful ice lanterns and snow sculpture, enjoy the ice and snow cultural evening party, and participate in many ice and snow entertainment projects. Harbin Ice Lantern and snow sculpture Art have become one of the three wonders of ice and snow art in the world.
Harbin Summer Concert
The Summer Concert in Harbin, China (hereinafter referred to as "Haxia Festival") is a national music event, which was held in August of 196 1 and from August 6 to 15 of the following year, lasting 10 days.
Now it has been sublimated into a local traditional music festival and also a traditional music festival in China. Together with Shanghai Spring International Music Festival and Guangzhou Yangcheng Music Flower Festival, it is called one of the "three major concerts" in China, thus establishing Harbin's position as a famous music city. 20 10 Harbin was recognized as "the city of music" by UNESCO's global creative city network. Harbin Sophia Church, also known as Hagia Sophia Church, is the largest Orthodox church in the Far East. Built in March 1907, it is an embedded church built by the 4th Infantry Division of Eastern Siberia, Russia. 19 12 was converted into a brick-wood structure church. 1September, 923, Hagia Sophia was relocated and rebuilt for the second time. Designed by Russian architect Kiyasi Kov, 1932 was completed. 1996 was approved by the State Council and listed as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1997, the renovated church was called Harbin Architectural Art Museum.
Sun Island Park is located on the north bank of Songhua River in Harbin, Heilongjiang, facing Stalin Park across the river. It is a famous summer resort at home and abroad. The natural scenery of Sun Island is very beautiful. Surrounded by clear water, the island is full of lush water, lush flowers and trees, elegant and quiet, and the scenery in Gardening is simple and rough. Sun Island Park is the most important scenic spot on Sun Island. There are Swan Lake, Sun Waterfall, Shui Ge Tian Yun and Squirrel Island in the park, which is the best place for entertainment and leisure. In 2009, Sun Island Ice and Snow Art Museum was selected as the world's largest indoor ice and snow art museum in world record association, China with an area of 5,000 square meters and a clear height of 7 meters, creating the world's largest in Sun Island.