Article 29 It is forbidden to discharge oil, acid liquor, alkali liquor or highly toxic waste liquid into water bodies.
It is forbidden to clean vehicles and containers that have stored oil or toxic pollutants in water.
Article 30 It is forbidden to discharge or dump radioactive solid waste or waste water containing highly radioactive and moderately radioactive substances into water bodies.
The discharge of waste water containing low-level radioactive substances into water bodies shall conform to the national regulations and standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.
Article 31 When discharging hot waste water into a water body, measures shall be taken to ensure that the water temperature of the water body meets the water environment quality standards.
Thirty-second sewage containing pathogens should be disinfected; It can be discharged only after it meets the relevant national standards.
Article 33 It is forbidden to discharge or dump industrial waste residue, urban garbage and other wastes into water bodies.
It is forbidden to discharge, dump or directly bury soluble toxic waste residues containing mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead, cyanide and yellow phosphorus into water bodies.
Places where soluble toxic waste residue is stored shall adopt waterproof, anti-leakage and anti-loss measures.
Article 34 It is forbidden to pile up and store solid wastes and other pollutants on beaches and bank slopes below the highest water level of rivers, lakes, canals, canals and reservoirs.
Article 35 It is forbidden to use seepage wells, pits, cracks and caves to discharge or dump wastewater containing toxic pollutants, sewage containing pathogens and other wastes.
Article 36 It is forbidden to transport and store waste water containing toxic pollutants, sewage containing pathogens and other wastes in ditches and pits without anti-leakage measures.
Thirty-seventh aquifers of multi-layer groundwater are different in water quality, and should be mined by layers; Contaminated diving and confined water shall not be mixed.
Thirty-eighth construction of underground engineering facilities or underground exploration, mining and other activities, should take protective measures to prevent groundwater pollution.
Thirty-ninth artificial recharge of groundwater shall not deteriorate the quality of groundwater.
Section 2 Prevention and Control of Industrial Water Pollution
Article 40 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall rationally plan the industrial layout, require enterprises that cause water pollution to carry out technological transformation, take comprehensive prevention and control measures, improve the reuse rate of water, and reduce the discharge of wastewater and pollutants.
Article 41 The State shall implement the elimination system for backward technologies and equipment that seriously pollute the water environment.
The comprehensive macro-control department of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, announced the list of technologies and equipment that seriously pollute the water environment and whose production, sale, import and use are prohibited within a time limit.
Producers, sellers, importers or users shall stop producing, selling, importing or using the equipment listed in the equipment list specified in the preceding paragraph within the prescribed time limit. The process adopter shall stop using the process listed in the process list specified in the preceding paragraph within the prescribed time limit.
Equipment eliminated in accordance with the provisions of the second and third paragraphs of this article shall not be transferred to others for use.
Article 42 The State prohibits the construction of small-scale production projects that seriously pollute the water environment, such as papermaking, tanning, printing and dyeing, dyestuff, coking, sulfur smelting, arsenic smelting, mercury smelting, oil refining, electroplating, pesticides, asbestos, cement, glass, steel and thermal power.
Forty-third enterprises should adopt clean processes with high utilization efficiency of raw materials and less pollutant discharge, and strengthen management to reduce the generation of water pollutants.
Section 3 Prevention and Control of Urban Water Pollution
Article 44 Urban sewage should be treated centrally.
Local people's governments at or above the county level shall raise funds through financial budget and other channels, make overall arrangements for the construction of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks, and improve the collection rate and treatment rate of urban sewage in their respective administrative areas.
The competent department of construction in the State Council shall, jointly with the competent department of comprehensive economic macro-control and environmental protection in the State Council, organize the preparation of the national urban sewage treatment facilities construction plan according to the urban and rural planning and water pollution prevention and control planning. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall organize the departments of construction, comprehensive macro-control of economy, environmental protection, water administration and so on to prepare the construction plan of urban sewage treatment facilities in their respective administrative areas. The competent construction department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall, according to the construction plan of urban sewage treatment facilities, organize the construction of urban centralized sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks, and strengthen the supervision and management of the operation of urban centralized sewage treatment facilities.
The operating units of urban centralized sewage treatment facilities provide paid sewage treatment services to polluters in accordance with state regulations, and charge sewage treatment fees to ensure the normal operation of centralized sewage treatment facilities. Those who discharge sewage into urban centralized sewage treatment facilities and pay sewage treatment fees will no longer pay sewage charges. The sewage treatment fee collected shall be used for the construction and operation of centralized sewage treatment facilities in cities and towns, and shall not be used for other purposes.
The specific measures for the charge, management and use of urban sewage centralized treatment facilities shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 45 The discharge of water pollutants into urban centralized sewage treatment facilities shall conform to the national or local standards for the discharge of water pollutants.
If the effluent quality of urban centralized sewage treatment facilities meets the national or local water pollutant discharge standards, it may be exempted from sewage charges in accordance with relevant state regulations.
The operating unit of urban sewage centralized treatment facilities shall be responsible for the effluent quality of urban sewage centralized treatment facilities.
The competent department of environmental protection shall supervise and inspect the quality and quantity of effluent from urban sewage centralized treatment facilities.
Forty-sixth construction of domestic waste landfill, leakage prevention measures should be taken to prevent water pollution.
Section IV Prevention and Control of Agricultural and Rural Water Pollution
Article 47 The use of pesticides shall conform to the relevant national regulations and standards for the safe use of pesticides.
The transportation, storage and disposal of expired pesticides should be strengthened to prevent water pollution.
Article 48 The competent agricultural departments and other relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall take measures to guide agricultural producers to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides scientifically and rationally, control the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and prevent water pollution.
Article 49 The State supports the construction of facilities for comprehensive utilization or harmless treatment of livestock manure and wastewater in livestock and poultry farms and breeding communities.
Livestock and poultry farms and farming communities shall ensure the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure and wastewater or the normal operation of harmless treatment facilities, ensure the discharge of sewage up to standard, and prevent the water environment from being polluted.
Fiftieth aquaculture should protect the ecological environment of water areas, scientifically determine the breeding density, rationally use bait and drugs, and prevent water environment pollution.
Article 51 When discharging industrial wastewater and urban sewage into farmland irrigation channels, it shall ensure that the water quality of the nearest irrigation water intake point downstream of it meets the standards for farmland irrigation water quality.
The use of industrial wastewater and urban sewage for irrigation should prevent the pollution of soil, groundwater and agricultural products.
Section 5 Prevention and Control of Water Pollution from Ships
Article 52 The discharge of oily sewage and domestic sewage from ships shall conform to the discharge standards of pollutants from ships. When ships engaged in ocean transportation enter inland rivers and ports, they shall abide by the pollutant discharge standards of inland river ships.
Residual oil and waste oil from ships shall be recovered and prohibited from being discharged into water bodies.
It is forbidden to dump ship garbage into water bodies.
When carrying oil or toxic goods, ships should take measures to prevent overflow and leakage to prevent water pollution caused by falling into the water.
Fifty-third ships shall be equipped with corresponding anti-pollution equipment and equipment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and hold legal and effective certificates and certificates to prevent environmental pollution in water areas.
When ships carry out operations involving the discharge of pollutants, they shall strictly abide by the operating rules and truthfully record them in the corresponding record books.
Article 54 Ports, docks, loading and unloading stations and ship repair plants shall be equipped with sufficient facilities for receiving pollutants and wastes from ships. Units engaged in receiving pollutants and wastes from ships, or units engaged in cleaning cabins loaded with oil and polluted dangerous goods, shall have the receiving and processing capacity suitable for their business scale.
Article 55 When a ship carries out the following activities, it shall prepare an operation plan, take effective safety and pollution prevention measures, and report to the maritime administrative agency at the place of operation for approval:
(1) Receiving residual oil, oily sewage and residues from polluting dangerous goods, or cleaning cabins containing oil and polluting dangerous goods;
(two) dangerous goods contaminated by bulk liquid barge operation;
(3) Dismantling and salvage of ships on water or other construction operations of ships on water and underwater.
Dismantling water fishing boats in fishing port waters shall be reported to the fishery administrative department where the operation is located for approval.
Chapter V Protection of Drinking Water Sources and Other Special Water Bodies
Article 56 The State establishes a system of drinking water source protection zones. Drinking water source protection areas are divided into first-class protection areas and second-class protection areas; When necessary, a certain area can be designated outside the drinking water source protection area as the quasi-protection area.
Delineation of drinking water source protection areas shall be proposed by the relevant municipal and county people's governments and submitted to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval; Delineation of cross-city and county drinking water source protection areas shall be proposed by the relevant municipal and county people's governments through consultation and submitted to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval; If negotiation fails, the competent department of environmental protection of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, jointly with the departments of water administration, land resources, health and construction at the same level, put forward a delimitation plan, solicit the opinions of relevant departments at the same level, and submit it to the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government for approval.
Drinking water source protection areas across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be designated by the people's governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in consultation with relevant river basin management agencies; If negotiation fails, the competent department of environmental protection of the State Council shall, jointly with the departments of water administration, land and resources, health and construction at the same level, put forward a delimitation plan, solicit opinions from relevant departments of the State Council, and submit it to the State Council for approval.
The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the actual needs of protecting drinking water sources, adjust the scope of drinking water source protection areas to ensure the safety of drinking water. The relevant local people's governments shall set up obvious geographical landmarks and obvious warning signs at the boundary of drinking water source protection areas.
Fifty-seventh in the drinking water source protection areas, it is forbidden to set up sewage outlets.
Fifty-eighth it is forbidden to build, rebuild or expand construction projects unrelated to water supply facilities and water source protection in the first-class protected areas of drinking water sources; Construction projects that have been completed and have nothing to do with water supply facilities and water source protection shall be ordered to be dismantled or closed by the people's governments at or above the county level.
It is forbidden to engage in cage culture, tourism, swimming, fishing or other activities that may pollute drinking water bodies in the first-class protected areas of drinking water sources.
Fifty-ninth it is forbidden to build, rebuild or expand construction projects that discharge pollutants in the two-level protected areas of drinking water sources; The people's governments at or above the county level shall order the completed construction projects that discharge pollutants to be dismantled or closed.
Those who engage in cage culture, tourism and other activities in the secondary protection zone of drinking water sources shall take measures in accordance with the provisions to prevent the pollution of drinking water bodies.
Sixtieth it is forbidden to build or expand construction projects that cause serious water pollution in the quasi-protected areas of drinking water sources; Reconstruction of construction projects, shall not increase the amount of sewage.
Article 61 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, according to the actual needs of protecting drinking water sources, take engineering measures or build wetlands, water conservation forests and other ecological protection measures in quasi-protected areas to prevent water pollutants from being directly discharged into drinking water bodies and ensure the safety of drinking water.
Sixty-second drinking water source pollution may threaten the safety of water supply, the competent department of environmental protection shall order the relevant enterprises and institutions to take measures such as stopping or reducing the discharge of water pollutants.
Article 63 the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the needs of water environment protection, stipulate that measures such as prohibiting or restricting the use of phosphorus-containing washing products, fertilizers and pesticides, and restricting planting and breeding should be taken in drinking water source protection areas.
Article 64 People's governments at or above the county level may designate protected areas for scenic spots, important fishery waters and other waters with special economic and cultural value, and take measures to ensure that the water quality in the protected areas meets the water environmental quality standards for specified purposes.
Article 65 No new sewage outlets shall be built in the protected areas of scenic spots, important fishery water bodies and other water bodies with special economic and cultural value. When a new sewage outlet is built near the protected area, the water body in the protected area should be guaranteed not to be polluted.
Countermeasures of water pollution prevention and control
1. Take urgent and practical actions to comprehensively prevent and control the seriously polluted Weihe River and Yellow River water pollution. The main reason for the pollution problems of the Weihe River and the Yellow River is that for quite some time, we are still taking the road of focusing on development, ignoring the environment, or "developing first, then treating". This road is very wrong, because quick success and instant benefit, destructive use of resources and environmental pollution not only harm future generations, but also harm contemporary mankind.
The fundamental way to overcome this crisis is to change the development mode and take the road of sustainable development. Specifically, in order to save the Weihe River and protect the Yellow River, it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to strictly control the total amount of sewage discharged along the coast and change from terminal control to source control. The first step is to adjust the industrial structure. For new development projects, it is necessary to strengthen the development planning and environmental impact assessment of the projects, resolutely stop industrial enterprise projects with high resource consumption and large pollution emissions, resolutely eliminate existing projects with serious pollution, and resolutely put an end to the westward migration of polluting enterprises eliminated in the eastern region.
2. Take the policy of putting prevention first, and prevent water pollution in areas where water pollution is at a moderate level and has not been obviously polluted in the process of developing the western region. If we pay attention to the coordination between industrial development and environmental protection from the beginning of industrialization, follow the strategy of sustainable development and take the road of new industrialization, the northwest region will develop healthily.
Specifically, cities and regions such as Urumqi, Xinjiang, Baiyin, Gansu and Tongchuan, Shaanxi should take comprehensive measures to control the original pollution sources as soon as possible, and at the same time strictly control new projects, so as to pay off the old debts and ensure that no new debts are owed, so that most rivers with grade VI water quality can be improved. For cities and regions with sparse population and river water quality in Grade II and III, it is necessary to achieve the goal of economic development in one step, leapfrog the traditional development model and directly follow the requirements of the new industrialization road.
3 vigorously promote cleaner production, and strive to achieve zero growth in industrial water consumption and wastewater discharge, and zero discharge of toxic and harmful pollutants. Controlling industrial pollution is a very important link in water pollution prevention and control. In the development of northwest China, the requirement of zero growth of wastewater discharge should be put forward. Practice at home and abroad, including the practice of some advanced enterprises in northwest China, has proved the possibility of achieving this goal.
In addition to organic pollution and ammonia nitrogen, there are also toxic and harmful pollutants such as phenol, oil and mercury in the Yellow River basin. The main emitters of phenol are chemical industry, paper industry and smelting industry, the main sources of oil pollution are mining, chemical industry and smelting industry, and mercury mainly comes from smelting industry and mining industry. These industries must quickly innovate their processes, improve their management and completely eliminate the above-mentioned toxic and harmful substances.
4. Strengthen the treatment of urban sewage, improve the recycling rate of sewage, provide stable and reliable water resources for the development of northwest China, promote economic development, and ensure people's living needs. After proper treatment, urban wastewater can be completely recovered and used in industry, agriculture and municipal administration. We should speed up the treatment of urban sewage in northwest China, get rid of pollution as soon as possible and improve the utilization rate of treated sewage.
The construction of urban sewage treatment plant must be synchronized with the construction of urban sewage collection pipe network to avoid repeating the mistakes of many cities in the eastern region, that is, due to the lag of pipe network system construction, the function of sewage treatment plant cannot be brought into play.
The choice of urban sewage treatment technology is very important. We should not copy the so-called advanced technology in the eastern region or even abroad, but should pay special attention to the use of natural wastewater purification systems suitable for the natural conditions in the western region. Northwest China is vast and sparsely populated, such as various land treatment systems and oxidation pond systems.
5. Strengthen the control of non-point source pollution and standardize the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Agricultural water consumption in northwest China accounts for 89.3% of the total water consumption. The pollution caused by agriculture and animal husbandry can not be ignored. The state should introduce policies to regulate and limit the types and dosage of pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture and animal husbandry, and vigorously support ecological agriculture. This is not only related to the control of water pollution in northwest China, but also related to the safety of agricultural products and people's health in northwest China.