1. survey background and practice brief introduction Quanzhou is located in the southeast coast of China, with an area of 11115 square kilometers and a population of 7.28 million. The total annual surface water resources are about 11 billion cubic meters, of which Dazhangxi belongs to Minjiang River system, with an average annual runoff of about 2.42 billion cubic meters. Jiulong River flows into the sea from Zhangzhou, with an annual average runoff of about 1.2 billion cubic meters. There are dozens of rivers flowing into the sea by themselves near the coast, with an average annual runoff of about 1 billion cubic meters; The rest is Jinjiang, with an average annual runoff of about 5.4 billion cubic meters. Because the Dazhangxi and Jiulong River basins are located in the mountainous areas in the northeast and northwest of Quanzhou, the population is sparse, the economy is relatively backward, and the whole basin is not in Quanzhou, so it is difficult to allocate water resources involving regional interests. Most of the rivers flowing into the sea are short, and the centralized utilization rate of water resources is not high. As the third largest river flowing into the sea alone in Fujian Province, the whole basin of Jinjiang is in Quanzhou, which is convenient for the unified allocation and utilization of water resources. It has become more than 71% of Quanzhou's population (there are nearly 3 million migrants) and more than 81% of its economic output value, as well as the main source of downstream ecological and environmental water supply. It is a veritable mother river for Quanzhou's survival and development. However, this mother river is gradually unable to cope with Quanzhou's growing economy, rapidly increasing population and more and more pollution. In recent years, there have been many problems, and the news media reports are continuous, and many reports are shocking. So what is the current situation of water resources in Jinjiang River Basin, how serious it is, what are the reasons for this phenomenon, and how to deal with this crisis. The field investigation is roughly divided into two stages, with July 11-19 as the first stage. The investigation team mainly investigated the economic activity center in the lower reaches of Jinjiang, and successively investigated Quanzhou City-Jinjiang City-Jinjiang chen dai zhen-Shishi City-Baogai Town of Shishi-Chidian Town of Jinjiang. During this period, we mainly conducted interviews with residents along the street, conducted questionnaire surveys, distributed leaflets on water resources protection, made field visits to rivers in the city and natural rivers in the suburbs, and discussed the situation with relevant departments. * * * We distributed 9,111 publicity materials, conducted more than 1,111 questionnaires, and visited Quanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau and Baozhou Sewage Treatment Plant. Quanzhou Evening News, Quanzhou Water Conservancy Bureau, Jinjiang Environmental Protection Bureau, Chidian Town People's Government, chen dai zhen No.2 Waterworks and many other units have gained a certain understanding of the relevant work of various government departments through discussions and visits, and obtained a lot of materials on the status and protection of Quanzhou's water resources. July 9 to 25 is the second stage of the investigation. The investigation team started from the estuary of Jinjiang and began to inspect Jinjiang on foot. They arrived at Shuangxikou through Fengzhou Town in Nan 'an and Jinji River Gate in Quanzhou, where they were divided into two groups and traced back to the source along Dongxi and Xixi respectively. The main purpose of this stage is to observe the changes of water quality from downstream to upstream, and to understand the opinions of residents in towns and villages along the way on Jinjiang water resources, and to visit Quanzhou Jinji River Gate Management Office, Shanmei Reservoir Management Office, Yilida Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nan 'an Lianxin Paper Co., Ltd., Nan 'an Qiaosheng Bearing Factory, Yongchun Chengxiang Snow Mountain Rock Management Office and Jindou Town Yunlu Village Committee. During this period, the investigation team walked during the day, and after arriving at the hostel where they stayed, they continued to take to the streets to conduct questionnaires and environmental protection publicity at night. * * * distributed 1,111 publicity materials, conducted more than 151 questionnaires, obtained a lot of first-hand materials, and got a more comprehensive understanding of the situation in the upper reaches of Jinjiang River basin. In the field investigation, we came into contact with all aspects of water resources, tasted tap water, well water, streams and springs from downstream to upstream, and understood the work of government departments and the attitude and understanding of the people. After the on-the-spot investigation, in September, we distributed 311 questionnaires in the school, conducted a questionnaire survey of college students, and then sorted out the materials of the on-the-spot investigation, analyzed the questionnaires, and combined with the relevant theoretical models and ecological theories, gradually formed our understanding and views on the water resources problems in Jinjiang River Basin. Second, the main conclusions obtained from the investigation (1) The facts and data obtained from the investigation on the process of modernization and the occurrence of water crisis in Jinjiang River Basin indicate that Jinjiang River Basin in Quanzhou is facing a serious water crisis. The first is resource water shortage. In the survey, the villagers in Jiuhong Village told us, "The water volume in Jinjiang has become smaller. In the past, the river surface here was very wide, but now it has narrowed by 1 kilometers, and the water level has also dropped a lot, about 2 meters. There used to be floods, and now I haven't seen floods for more than ten years. " The management staff of Jinji River Gate Management Office also told us that in addition to the existing Nangao main canal and Beigao main canal, the three coastal towns of Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Quangang and shishi city all want to conduct water diversion directly from here, and the existing water resources allocation plan is facing great difficulties. If new water sources are not added, according to the current increase rate of water consumption, the water shortage in the lower reaches of Jinjiang is estimated to reach 411 million cubic meters by 2111 and 1 million by 2121. There is also water shortage. In Jinjiang City and shishi city, the lower reaches of Jinjiang River, during five days, we made on-the-spot observation on the river in the city and the rivers marked on the maps of the towns and villages we investigated. Faced with these black, brown or red viscous liquids that slowly flow in the rivers covered with water hyacinths and exude pungent smell, it can be judged without any analytical instruments, and the water in these rivers has completely lost its use value. This is the case in Jinjiang City, chen dai zhen City, Shishi City, Baogai Town and Chidian Town. But the problem doesn't seem so simple. When dealing with more than 1111 questionnaires made during the investigation, we found some aspects that are contradictory to our impressions in the investigation. Do you think Quanzhou is short of water? In the answer to this question, those who think that it is very scarce and relatively scarce are 11.6% and 48.9% respectively, while those who think that it is necessary and water is sufficient are also 34.1% and 6.3%. Do you think the water pollution in Quanzhou is serious? Among the answers, 29.1% think it is serious, which has affected their lives, 53.1% think it is serious, but it is still within the controllable range, 8.5% think it doesn't matter, the water is quite clean, 9.5% don't know, it doesn't matter; In the view of "which aspect do you think should be paid more attention to now?", 2.4% think that the economy should be paid more attention to, 31.1% think that the environment should be paid more attention to, 66.4% think that both should be paid attention to, and 1.3% of the people surveyed think it doesn't matter. That is to say, among more than 1111 people surveyed, only 11% think Quanzhou is very short of water, while more than 41% think it is not short of water and abundant; Nearly 31% people think that the serious water pollution in Quanzhou has affected their lives, but more than half of them think that the pollution in Quanzhou is only serious, but it is still within the controllable range; As for the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection, only 31% of the people think that environmental protection is more important, and nearly 71% of the people advocate that both should be paid attention to. If this survey is a public opinion poll, it can be shown that most people's views on the environment and water pollution should be noted but tolerable, and the task of developing the economy cannot be put down. More fashionable, if a referendum on environmental protection and water resources management is held now, according to the results of the survey, we have reason to believe that the idea of advocating more environmental protection will not be passed, but the idea of prudent and steady development will become the public's choice. It is one-sided to see only the pollution of the environment and the crisis of water resources, and it is impossible to get the results of economic development but not to bear the price of the decline of resources and environmental conditions. The contemporary theory of resources and environment since 1971s points out that the process of economic development depends on resources and environment at macro level, and economic activities will inevitably produce resources and environment costs. Since the 1971s, economists have also found that the degree of environmental pollution in a country shows an inverted U-shaped curve with the increase of income, which is called the environmental Kuznets curve. According to this view, we realize that a country's modernization will always go through two stages, which can be called low-level modernization and high-level modernization respectively. In the first stage of modernization, that is, the primary modernization stage, people mainly value the growth of material wealth. The main content of development is industrial economy, and the technical level will not be very high. The strategic center of the country and the government is economic growth. In the second stage of modernization, that is, the advanced stage, people begin to pay more and more attention to service and psychology on the basis of high material supply, and pay attention to the improvement of quality of life and surrounding environment. The main support for development at this stage is no longer industry, but information service industry, and the technical level of industry has also been greatly improved. The central task of the government is to provide satisfactory public services. From another point of view, the macro performance of this social development also has a certain corresponding relationship with the development of individual psychology. According to the theory of Maslow, a humanistic psychologist, people's psychological needs are constantly developing from low to high levels, with the lower level biased towards material and the higher level biased towards spirit. Only when the lower level needs are met first will new higher level needs be generated. The process of social modernization is also a process of constantly realizing and satisfying people's psychological needs. Generally speaking, people's eager material needs need to be paid attention to first, and then people pay more and more attention to the quality of life and the surrounding environment. China's national conditions not only have the characteristics of low resource carrying capacity and fragile environment, but also have the premise of a large population and generally low cultural quality of the population. China people's desire to realize modernization and the idea of a good life are the same as those of other countries. To realize modernization under such realistic constraints, we have mainly relied on our farmers and industrial workers to provide the main driving force for economic growth for decades, and entrepreneurs who started their businesses from scratch to carry out industrial innovation, resulting in certain environmental pollution and a water crisis. Don't realize this, too demanding of our past; It is not in line with history to overreact to the current environmental pollution without seeing the past. (II) Modernization Process and Governance of Jinjiang Water Crisis Judging from the emergence of Jinjiang water crisis, it is a painful result in the modernization process of China and an inevitable stage of Quanzhou's economic and social development. However, this does not mean that such a crisis and the pollution of water resources in Jinjiang should be like this forever, and it should continue to deteriorate, so it is neither necessary nor possible to solve it. Also according to the environmental Kuznets curve, we know that with the improvement of people's income level and the advancement of modernization, the degree of environmental pollution will not always rise, but will begin to decline after reaching a certain level, and it will always decline and gradually return to a better environmental level. In the practical stage of investigating the present situation of water resources in Jinjiang River Basin, we realized this turning point, and felt the progress of people's ideas and the changes of economic production mode. For example, when asked the question "Would you like to participate in environmental protection activities", 27.4% of the public who participated in the survey answered yes, up to 61% answered yes, and only 12% answered no or no; On the question "Do you have the habit of saving water in your life?", more than 81% of the public who participated in the survey answered that they have the habit of saving water, and less than 21% answered that they have not or have not thought about it. After several years of economic development and understanding of the environment, it should be said that the public's awareness of environmental protection is getting stronger and stronger, and many people have begun to put it into action, and the public opinion base for environmental improvement and water resources protection has gradually become available. From the perspective of economic and industrial structure, after more than 21 years of development, Quanzhou's economic and industrial structure has undergone major changes and achieved a great leap from "one, two, three" to "two, three, one". In 2111, the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Quanzhou's GDP was 7.4: 52.7: 39.9, respectively. According to the industrialization development process of developed countries in the world, the ratio of added value of the three industries in the initial stage of industrialization was 35: 35: 31, that is, the ratio of secondary production to primary production was about 1. In the advanced stage of industrialization, the ratio of three industries is 4: 35: 61, that is, the ratio of secondary production to primary production is higher than 8. The higher the ratio of secondary production to primary production, the higher the degree of industrialization. By 2111, the ratio of secondary production to primary production in Quanzhou was 7.1. From the perspective of industrial structure, Quanzhou has entered the transition from the middle stage of industrialization to the late stage of industrialization. In addition, with the development of society, there are more and more social capitals. If these social capitals are properly guided, they can fully participate in environmental protection. In this survey, we often hear a word BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer). This mode of investing in public welfare undertakings with social capital, recovering the cost after operating for a certain period of time and then handing it over to the government, plays a great role in mobilizing all social forces to participate in environmental protection and fully using market-oriented methods to solve the problem of insufficient investment in the short term. Baozhou Sewage Treatment Plant with a daily sewage treatment capacity of 1.5 million tons is this model, as are several sewage treatment plants and garbage treatment plants built in the upper reaches of Jinjiang River, and BOT is also a priority in the future environmental protection planning of local governments. Without the foundation of economic development and the accumulation of social capital, BOT mode is out of the question. The feeling of field investigation in 2115 made us realize that the emergence of water crisis in Quanzhou today is a result of industrial development, but more than 21 years of industrial development has also provided unprecedented conditions and possibilities for changing this situation. With the continuous deepening and improvement of Quanzhou's economic and social development, we have seen that the solution of the water crisis has gradually emerged some dawns, and it has already possessed some possibilities. Although the power of governance and improvement is still not enough, it is still very weak, but the prospects are very clear. This is another critical period in the modernization process and the second transformation of social development. Whether we can recognize and promote this transformation and complete the change of economic development mode and people's life concept is the key to solving the water crisis. (3) Building a modern government is the key to the governance of water crisis. The governance of water crisis in the process of modern society needs a modern government. Whether such a modern government can be established not only determines whether the development of modern society can continue to advance, but also determines whether serious environmental and water crisis can be quickly and effectively managed. Such a government should be defined from three aspects: first, what kind of functions the government should have and what it should do. The management should be managed by the government, and the government that does not need government intervention cannot be misplaced. Secondly, the government how to perform its functions, through what means to achieve management. Third, the government should perform its functions under the supervision of the society, the media and the public, and cannot have power beyond the law and public opinion. The investigation of the present situation of water resources in Jinjiang River Basin in 2115 made us deeply realize the complexity of the water resources problem and the arduousness of solving this problem. Although on the whole, Quanzhou has entered the threshold from the early stage of industrialization to the late stage of industrialization, and its social economy and industrial structure have begun to transform, but the situation is different in each county, city and township. For many people and governments in mountainous areas and backward places, it is in their hands