During Stalin's great purge in 1930s, there were three "Moscow trials" that attracted worldwide attention. The first time was1August, 936, when the "Trotsky-Zinoviev Joint Headquarters" conspiracy was tried, and Zinoviev, Kamenev and others 16 were shot; The second time was 1937 1, which tried the counter-revolutionary organization "parallel headquarters" and executed karl berngardovich radek, Pi Dakov and others 17; The third time was1in March, 938, and 2 1 people such as "Rightist Trotsky Group", Bukharin and Likov were shot. The three major trials in Moscow were held in public, and western journalists, diplomatic missions and independent observers were invited to attend. People all over the world have witnessed such a scene: in court, none of the defendants defended themselves, all admitted the crimes accused by the prosecutor, and took the initiative to expose the meritorious deeds of other accomplices and accomplices. One by one, they all described themselves as murderous demons. In their final statement, they praised Stalin with the most beautiful words without exception. Hearing is empty, seeing is believing. The scene of the court puzzled westerners who had lived in a democratic and human rights society for a long time. You can only suspect that there is something wrong with your eyes. Until 20 years later, in the 1950 s, the CIA still thought it was a comprehensive method of brain surgery, electroconvulsive therapy or taking special drugs, drugs and hypnosis. I have invested in long-term research to try to crack KGB drugs. Most invited western observers thought the trial was fair. A British lawyer wrote: "We are once again firmly aware that the accusation is correct, the admission is correct and the judgment is fair." This is the "effect" of Stalin's careful director of this play. However, secrecy is inevitable, and a casual detail "exposed" the clues under Kirin's skin: in the first Moscow trial, in order to make people believe that Zinoviev and Kamenev, who were firmly opposed to Trotsky, were actually Trotsky's gang, the defendant Goltzman confessed that he had followed the instructions of Zinoveyev and Ka Minev, at 1932, 1655. Danish newspapers soon announced that the Buli Storey Hotel had been demolished as early as 19 17. The meeting point of this plot has become a mirage without a foothold! Stalin's weapon to defeat the enemy is to turn political disputes into criminal offences. Different people have different views on the debate of political views, and criminal offences are anathema to everyone. This qualitative evolution is most convincing to the general public. Stalin invented a "wise judgment": "The deeper the socialist construction, the more class enemies there will be." Of course, we can't be soft on the class enemies that keep popping up. "Being kind to the enemy is a crime against the people", and we are bound to die soon. Stalin's thought of "class enemies" is just wishful thinking. It is not easy to get a political opponent to admit that he is a criminal. Needless to say, the stakes are high. However, the devil of KGB can also perform this kind of magic. For example, if Stalin wants to eliminate Bukharin's influence, he must first destroy the intimate relationship and feelings between Lenin and Bukharin. Stalin wanted to announce to people through the court that "Bukharin was never Lenin's close comrade-in-arms, but Lenin's most ferocious enemy." So Stalin ordered the interrogators to let Bukharin admit that Bukharin had tried to assassinate Lenin as early as the signing of the 19 18 Brest Peace Treaty. The personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs drafted a "interrogation record" for Bukharin to sign. It says: As early as 19 17, when he learned that the German government provided Lenin with a train carriage and allowed Lenin to cross Germany in a state of war, he began to suspect that Lenin had shady activities with the Germans. Later, when Lenin insisted on signing the Brest Peace Treaty with the Germans, he was convinced that Lenin was a German spy, so he had the idea and plan to kill Lenin. This is a conspiracy to kill two birds with one stone, which both framed Bukharin and belittled Lenin. When Bukharin saw this confession, he flew into a rage and said indignantly, "Stalin wants to put the dead Lenin in the dock!" " "Bukharin refused to sign the confession. In the first few months, Bukharin refused to confess, and he remained silent. Keep reading and writing. As a result, the Ministry of Internal Affairs personnel stepped up torture, and the number of investigators dealing with Bukharin doubled. Erov, a member of the People's Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, personally supervised the war, and voroshilov, as a representative of the Politburo, also participated in the trial. They regard Bukharin's wife and son as "hostages", take their safety as a threat, and "know what is good for Bukharin". Like other people on trial, the Ministry of Internal Affairs promised Bukharin in the name of Stalin that as long as he could meet all the requirements of the Politburo, his wife and son would be safe, and he himself would only suffer a little imprisonment. The blackmail of the interrogators of the Ministry of Internal Affairs focused on the death point of Bukharin. In the future, the process of the case was as the KGB hoped, and Bukharin obtained the life safety of his wife and children by his own surrender. The KGB groped for a set of experience in obtaining the prisoner's "cooperation" through constant interrogation, which is the infamous "Kurski's Law": 1. Physical torture, that is, torture, continuous interrogation is not allowed to sleep for more than ten days and nights; 2. Chemical torture, that is, hallucinating tablets, powders or injection drops, to weaken and disintegrate people's will; 3. Mechanical torture is to repeatedly read the "confession" written to you, then let you repeat these contents, and then accept the effective ingredients as your "confession"; 4. Political torture, that is, threatening your friends and relatives to insult your political ideals and make your faith collapse; 5. Psychological torture, that is, creating and strengthening people's sense of self-contempt, makes people lose their goals in life, and thus produces actions of self-liberation, self-confession, self-washing and self-flogging. "Kurski's Law" has achieved amazing results because it "prescribes the right medicine for different people". Erov once proudly introduced his experience: "It is not far from the goal to make the people on trial suffer. "If prisoners lose all their self-esteem and confidence, they will get what they want," he added. "beria is the master of Luo Zhi's crimes. He has a famous saying: "Bring me a person, and I will find out his evidence for you." In addition, Molotov's persuasion of Zinoviev can also be used as circumstantial evidence: "How many times have you lied to the party? How many times have your lies hurt the party? Now, for the benefit of the party, I suggest you slander yourself. At present, when Trotsky splits the workers' movement and the Germans are ready to attack us, your lies can undoubtedly help the party. This can't be refused. What are we going to discuss? If the interests of the party require this, we should not only give our insignificant reputation, but also give our lives. "The more determined the Bolsheviks are, the harder it is to resist the party's demands. In the case of hopeless survival and mental breakdown, wholeheartedly cooperating with the trial is the only opportunity to repent to the parties. Even Trotsky, a staunch opposition, said, "In the final analysis, the Party is always right, because it is a unique historical tool for the proletariat to accomplish its fundamental tasks. ".It is under the" work enthusiasm "of the KGB that class enemies are exposed. One by one, the founding fathers became "public enemies". On the other hand, the eagle dogs of KGB practiced the famous assertion that "class struggle, once caught, will work".