1 127, Zhao Gou, who was left in Xiangzhou (Anyang) by veteran Zong Zeqiang, received a letter from his brother Song Qinzong asking him to go to Beijing to be a diligent king. This time, Zhao Gou chose to resist the imperial edict. On the way to the east, there was no time to look back at the prosperity of Bianjing.
Decades later, as the father of the emperor, Zhao Gou went boating in the West Lake and met his old friend Song Wusao in the capital of song dynasty. A bowl of fish soup ate the tears of Zhao's conceptionist, and "Song Sao Fish Soup" became famous in Lin 'an.
Aesthetics in Song Dynasty is a hot topic in recent years. In fact, there is no need to cross it, because we have never left the Song Dynasty.
Kaifeng, an ancient city that has lost its sense of existence, is independent in the land of eastern Henan. Without the rapid development of Zhengzhou, Luoyang, as an ancient capital, is much more lively than her. Many post-80s and post-90s people know that Kaifeng still benefits from Bao Qingtian of Taiwanese drama.
The fate of this ancient city is like The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, hidden in the palace, invisible to the world. Also like an old artist who lost his prosperity. He was ignored at the film festival and was not annoyed.
1. Kaifeng, others don't understand your pride!
Sleep what? Get up. Hello.
Walking on the streets of the city, have you ever thought about how the city became a city? Night arrival, drinking and singing. Have you ever thought about how we spent the night? All this is thanks to the Song people. Today, almost all China people's lifestyles start from Kaifeng, and start from the moment when the city walls are torn down.
Before the Song Dynasty, it was impossible to go out at night and go shopping at night. Lighter spanking, heavier jail! In the long history of ancient China, we implemented a curfew system.
Take Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, which is famous for its absolute beauty, as an example. The implementation of curfew is determined by the urban structure. Before the Song Dynasty, all the cities in China were under the Li Fang system. Open the map of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty. Just a military chess board, a big circle and a small circle. A city is divided into several small towns. Shops are not allowed to open in the street, and doors are not allowed to open in the street except for a few powerful people. Commodity sales can only be carried out in the east and west cities. Such a system will inevitably lead to business depression and rigid life.
In the Song Dynasty, revolutionary changes took place in the city, and the Li Fang system was changed to the market system. The small city gate was knocked down, and the whole city was opened up with large and small streets, and the city of thoroughfares has continued to this day.
The change of urban construction science directly leads to the change of lifestyle, and the spark that the city opens all night is lit from the capital of song dynasty. At that time, going to bed early will definitely be laughed at by bad friends and call you: What do you sleep? Get up!
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the permanent population of Bianliang reached one million. At that time, the resident population of big cities in Europe was only 1 10,000 to 20,000. "I remember how happy I was when I was a teenager and went to Fan Lou at night." The curfew was lifted, the night market and the dawn market were seamlessly connected, and shops were allowed to open along the street, and business was booming. People of all nationalities in the world gather here, and the capital of the capital of the capital of song dynasty looks like the capital of consumerism.
There are many restaurants in the capital of song dynasty, especially Fan Lou, which is the earliest flagship store in China. Fan Lou's original Fan Lou was a trading place for alum. Later, it was changed to a restaurant, and it was changed to Fengle Building after the expansion of Xuanhe in Fan Lou and Song Huizong.
In its heyday, Fan Lou was a large-scale building complex with five buildings facing each other and connected with each other. Each building is three floors high (the number of floors in Song Dynasty refers to the number of stairs, and the three floors are actually four floors). The first floor is a banquet, and there is a private room upstairs. Thousands of people visit it every day. Every Lantern Festival, lanterns are hung in every room, which is where Tokyo enjoys the lanterns.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the main hall of the sun. Zhengdian is a wine-making restaurant with 72 hotels in Bianliang, headed by Fan Lou. Its operation affects the nerves of imperial rulers. In the Zhenzong and Renzong dynasties, tax reduction was specially designed for Fan Lou to protect the vigorous development of private enterprises. Several emperors of the Song Dynasty visited here and became the earliest spokesmen of the catering industry.
The relationship between Fan Lou and the royal family is not only famous, but also geographical. Fan Lou is located outside the Donghua Gate of the Imperial City, adjacent to the Palace. The expanded west building is forbidden to enter, because standing on the third floor of the west building can completely overlook ouchi.
In front of Fan Lou is the business scope of snack vendors. With the help of Fan Lou's popularity, the bottom catering practitioners also earned a lot of money, and Song Wusao began to sell fish soup here.
Through Fan Lou, we can see the spirit of Song Dynasty. In the past, the civil construction was not so big, but it was unimaginable to open a shop next to the imperial city. When I was in Song Renzong, Fanlou's joyful voice was so loud that it was introduced to the Forbidden City. The emperor asked the reason for the prison. I heard it was a folk banquet. Compared with the deserted atmosphere of the palace, Renzong said a golden sentence that will definitely be screened today: I am deserted here and the people are so happy. If I strike every night, the people will suffer.
Song Wusao's vendors were all doing business by blocking Fan Lou's door. My family didn't think that vendors blocked their gables and broke the geomantic omen.
Here, we see the constraints of imperial power and the bottom line for the rich. Officials don't bully the people, the rich don't bully the poor, and so does a harmonious society.
Eating shaved ice, taking a sauna and making friends, the Song people had a good time.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the splendor of Bianjing, and behind the prosperity is the rise and fall of power. Since then, the citizen class has become the dominant force in the city, and the survival law of the commercial society has begun to appear.
Poetry dominated the history of the Song Dynasty, and he was a local tyrant when he was an official in the capital of song dynasty. Every day, there are songs of silk and bamboo at home, and Shi went to Li's rich man's house. He wanted more, but his host ended in a hurry and ordered the guests to leave. A few days later, I wrote a famous post to visit, but the rich man named Li never spoke to him again.
Businessmen are at the end of the so-called four people, and their social status is extremely low. In the Song Dynasty, this situation changed quietly because of the great prosperity of commerce. In front of court officials and famous poets, the above-mentioned young rich people are all domineering, and the atmosphere of being rich and willful has emerged. Besides Duke Zhou and Confucius, the gods of wealth such as Fan Li and Bai Gui have also become new folk beliefs.
With the development of commerce and the rise of the citizen class, people's life rhythm is also accelerating, and fierce competition has given birth to the refinement of the industry. Our food list was also finalized in the Song Dynasty.
Meng's "Dream of China in Tokyo" recorded all the industries in Bianliang in detail, especially food, such as steamed stuffed buns, meat pies, Hu cakes, wonton, chicken offal, raw fish, preserved plum, fake puffer fish and fake abalone, which made Meng still remember it vividly decades later, among which several items were worth mentioning: fried rabbits, fried crabs and so on.
Cooking is an original cooking skill of Han nationality. We invented cooking because the pace of life in the Song Dynasty suddenly accelerated.
Technically, the double-ear iron pot was invented in Song Dynasty, which provided a guarantee for cooking. Stir-fried fire, auxiliary yin and yang, can be eaten in a few minutes, compared with boiling and steaming for a few hours, this cooking method is really fast, saving time and cost for busy Song people.
Besides North and South cuisine, there are various snacks to choose from. For example, in summer, it must be very pleasant to drink a bowl of rock sugar, mung bean and licorice cold water, or eat a piece of cheese made of crushed fruit and iced milk (today's shaved ice) to sweep away the summer heat wave.
If you are a passer-by, you can not only enjoy delicious food, but also enjoy the convenience of life and travel. Bathing, a life problem that troubled the ancients, was greatly liberated in the Song Dynasty, and public bathrooms have become a common service institution in Beijing.
The bathroom was then called a perfume shop. Throughout the ages, nobles and giants have to smoke spices when taking a bath. In the Song Dynasty, this threshold was cut down, and civilians could also wash away the dirt with soap and spices. In addition to specialized perfume shops, large teahouses and hotels also have bathrooms. For example, in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it is painted that if you stay for a long time, your husband will not be at home. The owner of the inn is retired director Wang of a central department, with complete facilities, health and safety.
As a generation bound by mobile phones, if you don't send a circle of friends for a day, it's like missing a homework. In fact, "drying friends and adding friends" was very popular in the Song Dynasty.
The Water Margin Song Jiang Xun's Drunk Poems by Yang Lou caused a great disaster, which was not his personal performing art, but a popular culture in the Song Dynasty: swing poems.
Yan Shu, a great poet, saw a Great Wall poem when he passed Yangzhou. He inquired about the author Wang Qi and invited him to have a drink and chat. Yan Shu said that he once wrote a sentence: No way, I haven't thought of the next sentence yet. Answer: I have known Yan for a long time. Yan Shu immediately adopted it and became a famous sentence through the ages.
Having said that, living in the Northern Song Dynasty and in the Capital of Song Dynasty is really beautiful, but unfortunately, no one can reverse the objective law of joys and sorrows. The humiliation of Jingkang's two-year national subjugation also turned off the main switch of Beijing, and this world-class city, which was the first to open all night, fell into darkness, falling from the international first line to the domestic fourth line. What happened here?
2. From Kaifeng to new york
In 2005, The New York Times published the famous writer Christopher's article "From Kaifeng to new york-Brilliant as a passing cloud" with a rare Chinese title. Kaifeng became a "typical decline" and made a sensation all over the world.
When looking for the answer to Kaifeng depression, we can easily find that geography and political status are the direct factors leading to this result, and the latter is more important.
Before the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River flowed through northern Henan, from Puyang to Bohai Sea, hundreds of miles away from Kaifeng. In the late Jin Dynasty, the Yellow River diverted several times and moved to Kaifeng. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River began to roll in Kaifeng and often burst, and frequent floods caused serious harm to Kaifeng. According to statistics, from 1 180 to 1944, the Yellow River executed 339 people in Kaifeng in 764, with an average of about two years 1.
The opening of the railway in the late Qing Dynasty was a watershed in China's urban modernization, and Kaifeng did not catch the fast lane of the railway. Even so, as a new city brought by train, Zhengzhou has not formed an overwhelming advantage over Kaifeng. Until 1954, Henan Province will be in Kaifeng, and moving the capital will be a fatal blow to Kaifeng's decline.
More than 7,000 people from more than 30 institutions in Henan Province have moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou. Together with subordinates, nearly 70,000 people have moved to Zhengzhou. A large number of urban elites flowed out of Kaifeng, which led to the decline of the comprehensive quality of urban population. 1949, Zhengzhou's GDP was less than 1 100 million, while Kaifeng was1300 million yuan at this time. 1957, just three years after the provincial capital moved to Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou came from behind.
1984, Zhengzhou zoned out Xinmi, Dengfeng, Xinzheng, Zhongmu and Gongyi counties with good economic momentum under Kaifeng, thus establishing Zhengzhou's leading position in the province. After the adjustment, Kaifeng only governs five agricultural counties, namely Lankao, Kaifeng, Qixian, Tongxu and Weishi, and the economic situation has taken a turn for the worse.
Until today, Kaifeng citizens are still worried about the relocation of the provincial capital: "If the provincial capital does not move, Kaifeng will definitely not be like this today!" ! Although there is a deep accumulation, although it is the starting point of today, it is difficult to change the fact that Kaifeng has faded out of the world's field of vision, but this place is still worth seeing.
No one can refuse the temptation of food. If you want to eat the essence of Henan, you can only come to Kaifeng. Carp baked noodles, soup packets, mutton pits and steamed buns, fried tofu ... There are no old shops handed down from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, and they can only come to Kaifeng.
From the Northern Song Dynasty to the present, from Kaifeng to new york, the progress of human civilization has cycles and * * * differences. Come to this slow-paced city to savor the past and think about the future.