Graduation design (thesis) of a 6,900-square-meter five-story comprehensive building with shopping mall (opening report, calculation book and architectural structure drawings)
Thesis proposal
Design of a five-story comprehensive building in Xi 'an?
First, the basis and significance of the topic:
The function and structure of the complex building are comprehensive. The residence is a comprehensive building in terms of function: business, office, conference room, multi-function hall, etc. It is characterized by a "multifunctional hall" on the middle or top floor of the building. Can be seen in schools, enterprises, hospitals and other buildings. With the rapid development of the city and economy, the comprehensive building is also developing rapidly and occupies an important position in business. At the same time, its market value is also growing.
Graduation design is the last main teaching link in the training plan of civil engineering specialty, and it is also the most important comprehensive practice teaching link. The purpose of graduation project is to train graduates majoring in civil engineering to comprehensively apply the knowledge and related skills of basic courses, technical basic courses and specialized courses, and to solve specific problems in civil engineering design.
Graduation design requires students to complete an engineering design independently and systematically under the guidance of the instructor, solve all related problems, and be familiar with relevant design specifications, manuals, standard drawings and methods commonly used in engineering practice, which is characterized by practicality and comprehensiveness. Therefore, it plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating students' comprehensive quality, enhancing engineering awareness and innovation ability. At the same time, in the process of completing the graduation project, we are also required to use perceptual and rational knowledge to grasp the treatment of the whole building, including the appearance and structure of the building. It also requires us to better understand the development status and trends of architectural design at home and abroad, pay more attention to academic trends in this area, and have greater attainments in the future direction of civil engineering. In addition, there are many computer software involved in the design, such as AutoCAD, Tianzheng, office software, PKPM for structural design and calculation, etc. Through the application of these softwares, we can improve our computer application ability, which is a rare opportunity for our civil engineering graduates to check and improve our understanding, mastery and practical ability of the comprehensive application of basic theories and professional knowledge.
Second, the research situation and development trend at home and abroad (including literature review):
With the rapid development of modern sensing technology, computer and communication technology, signal analysis and processing technology and structural dynamic analysis theory, people put forward the concept of structural health monitoring, which has brought revolutionary changes to the development of civil engineering. By installing various sensors on the structure, the structural health monitoring system can automatically measure the environment, load and response of the structure in real time, evaluate the health state of the structure, scientifically and effectively provide decision-making basis for the maintenance and management of the structure, ensure the safe operation of the structure and prolong the service life of the structure.
In recent years, the health monitoring technology of large-scale civil engineering, especially long-span bridge structure, has become the focus of attention in engineering and academic circles at home and abroad, and has achieved fruitful research results through the efforts of scientific research and engineering technicians. In recent years, many large bridges built at home and abroad have installed structural health monitoring systems. As students majoring in civil engineering, they are well aware of the extensiveness of civil engineering design and its close connection with social life. At school, we only studied a small branch of civil engineering, focusing on civil engineering. As far as industrial and civil buildings are concerned, there are the following structures: frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure, slab-column-shear wall structure, frame-support structure, tube structure, frame-core tube structure, mega-structure and so on. According to the design topic and the conditions given in the task book, choose a reasonable and practical frame structure.
(1) Humanization and networking are widely concerned.
The design of a comprehensive building needs to consider many factors, including science, technology, humanities, art and so on. The biggest goal of interior design is to create a comfortable, convenient, hygienic, safe and efficient working environment for employees. In the current increasingly fierce business competition, this goal is even more important. Among them, "comfort" involves architectural acoustics, optics, thermal engineering, environmental psychology, ergonomics and many other disciplines; "Convenience" involves functional streamline analysis, ergonomics and so on; "Sanitation" involves green materials, sanitation, water supply and drainage engineering, etc. The problem of "safety" involves building disaster prevention, decorative structure and so on. For example, some cutting-edge office products in Europe and America increasingly set private offices in the center of buildings, so that employees working in open public areas can directly enjoy natural light and scenery.
(2) The comprehensive support of service facilities is becoming more and more important.
The competition among high-grade comprehensive buildings has tilted from simple cost ratio, height ratio, supporting ratio, service ratio and management ratio, which is also an important trend in the development of high-grade comprehensive buildings in developed countries.
For high-grade office projects with leasing and sales as the main development purposes, they must have a certain overall scale. For example, to show the high-grade quality of the project with the comprehensive advantages of the building complex, such products usually combine more than three living spaces in the city, such as business, office, residence, hotel, exhibition, catering, conference, culture and entertainment, according to their own characteristics, and establish a dynamic relationship of interdependence, mutual complement and mutual help among all parts, thus forming a multi-functional, efficient, complex and organically unified complex.
(3) Eco-energy-saving office buildings are the main direction of future development.
On a global scale, there are two development trends of building ecological intelligence: one is to mobilize all technical means to achieve the goal of low energy consumption, pollution reduction and sustainable development; The second is to create a healthy, comfortable and efficient living space on the basis of deepening the thermal environment (light, sound, heat, airflow, etc.). ) and ergonomics (the physiological and psychological response of the human body to the environment) are in the research room. High comfort and low energy consumption are international development trends. The world energy crisis and the energy shortage in China are attracting more and more attention. On July 1 day, 2005, the energy-saving standards for public buildings were required to be enforced, which imposed stricter restrictions on the new generation of office products.
(4) Developing towards advanced and intelligent?
With the acceleration of urbanization, a lot of wealth and resources are constantly concentrated in big cities, megacities and international cities, and the agglomeration effect produced by huge business opportunities has also attracted many enterprises to concentrate in big cities. ? With the wide application of Internet technology, the world has become flat. In order to adapt to the rapid development of internet technology, the overall weak current system of the comprehensive building project has become the basic requirement of the project construction, but the cross introduction of various cables makes the weak current configuration of the office building lack integration and uneconomical. ? Intelligent technology is a technology aimed at improving the overall efficiency of buildings, paying more attention to system integration ability.
The frame structure is composed of beams and columns, and the cross section of the members is small, so the bearing capacity and stiffness of the frame structure are low, and its mechanical characteristics are similar to those of vertical cantilever shear beams. The higher the floor, the slower the horizontal displacement, and the high-rise frame bears great horizontal force in both vertical and horizontal directions. At this time, the cast-in-place floor still plays the role of beam, ignoring the role of assembling the whole floor. The wall of the frame structure is a infilled wall, which plays the role of enclosure and separation. Steel is widely used as frame material abroad, while reinforced concrete frame is mainly used in China. Frame structure can be made into "ductile frame" through reasonable design, which has good seismic performance under earthquake action. It has the following characteristics: [1] Reinforced concrete multi-story frame structure is a common structural form. It has the advantages of clear force transmission, flexible structural arrangement, good seismic performance and good integrity. At present, it has been widely used in various multi-storey industrial and civil buildings. With the development of society, there are more and more buildings with multi-story frame structure. However, with the increase of structural height, the bending moment and shear force of beam-column members at the bottom of the frame are significantly increased by horizontal action, which leads to the increase of beam-column section size and reinforcement amount. To a certain extent, it will bring difficulties to the plane layout and space treatment of buildings, affect the normal use of building space, and tend to be unreasonable in material consumption and cost. Frame structure residence refers to the residence which is made of reinforced concrete pouring into load-bearing beams and columns, and then assembled by prefabricated light plates such as aerated concrete, expanded perlite, pumice, vermiculite and pottery rotten. It is suitable for large-scale industrial construction with high efficiency and good engineering quality. [2] The house layout of the frame structure should be symmetrical and uniform, and the distance between the lateral stiffness and the resultant line of horizontal load and the distance between the center of gravity and the center of stiffness of the structure should be reduced to reduce the torsion of the structure. Due to the small cross-section and lateral stiffness of frame members, the overall displacement and interlayer displacement of the structure are large under strong earthquakes, which is prone to earthquake damage. In addition, non-structural damage such as infilled walls, building decoration, equipment and pipelines is more serious. Therefore, it is mainly suitable for non-earthquake areas and buildings with few floors. In addition to strengthening the seismic measures of beams, columns and joints, the seismic design of frame structures should also pay attention to the materials of the infilled wall and the connection mode between the infilled wall and the frame to avoid the damage of the infilled wall when the frame deformation is too large. Frame structure is a flexible structure with horizontal displacement. The greater the total horizontal displacement of the building, the more uncomfortable people feel, and the interlayer displacement will affect the decoration of the building and the cracking of the partition wall. Therefore, these two horizontal displacements should be limited in order to increase the lateral stiffness of the building in the design. In the seismic design of frame structures, cracks are easy to appear at the top, bottom and beam end of columns.
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