Broccoli, also known as broccoli, broccoli, cauliflower with tender stems, Italian kale and cauliflower with stems, belongs to Brassica var. Cruciferae and is a biennial herb. Originated in the eastern Mediterranean coast, it has been cultivated in China in recent years, mainly for western food. Broccoli is between cabbage and cauliflower, and the top of the main stem forms a big green or purple flower ball, and the small buds on the surface are obvious and loose, rather than dense into balls. The tender stems of the buds are collected for eating, and they are rich in nutrients, including protein, sugar, fat, vitamins and carotene, ranking first among similar vegetables, and are known as the "crown of vegetables". French and American scientists have recently discovered that "broccoli" is not only rich in vitamins and minerals, but may even have the magical effect of killing Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric cancer. Interestingly, it is the substance that gives this green vegetable a "unique taste" that has such wonderful functions. Experts said: The next research direction is to observe whether people can eliminate this hidden danger in their bodies by eating broccoli. At present, although antibiotics can be used to remove these deadly bacteria, this treatment is not only expensive but also has serious side effects. [1] The physiological characteristics of this paragraph are folded and edited. Broccoli is basically similar to cauliflower in morphology and growth habits, but it grows strongly and has strong heat resistance and cold resistance. The plant is tall. After growing more than 21 leaves, the flower stems are pulled out, and the top of the plant is densely clustered into spherical flower buds. The buds are turquoise, so it is also called broccoli. The color of leaves is blue-green, gradually turning into dark blue-green, and wax powder increases. The petiole is long and narrow. There are two kinds of leaf shapes: broad leaf and long leaf. Broccoli is a kind of autumn and winter vegetable, which likes warm and humid climate, has wide adaptability and is easy to cultivate. The plant is strong, and its heat tolerance and cold tolerance are stronger than cauliflower. At a certain seedling age, the flower buds will start to divide into flowers as soon as they meet low temperature. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 21 to 31, and the optimum temperature for growth and development is 15 to 18℃. Higher temperature is needed at the early growth stage, with the optimum temperature of 1.8-25℃, and lower temperature at the later growth stage (flower ball formation stage), with the optimum temperature of 1.5-1.8℃. If the temperature is too high at the later growth stage (22-25℃), the flower ball formation will be blocked, the flower ball loose quality will be poor, and the yield will be low. Strong heat and cold tolerance in seedling stage, weak resistance in the middle and late growth stage, and slow growth below 5℃. Broccoli is a low-temperature and long-day plant, which likes light, lacks light, grows in vain, and the color of flower heads turns yellow, which affects the quality. Therefore, when cultivating broccoli, the light should be sufficient, and the flower heads must be exposed to the sun, and cannot be covered with leaves. Broccoli prefers humid environment and needs more water, especially in the flower bud differentiation stage, which needs more water, lacks water, inhibits flower bulb formation and reduces yield and quality. Broccoli has strict requirements on soil nutrients, and loam or clay loam with deep, fertile soil layer and good drainage is more suitable, and PH value is 6.1 for the best growth.