I hope the following knowledge of shock absorption can help you.
Earthquake self-help daquan
It is a better method of emergency protection to avoid nearby during an earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. The so-called near avoidance is to make different countermeasures according to different situations.
Shock absorption of school personnel
In school, what is most needed in the earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, students should be taught about earthquakes, prevention and shock absorption in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the route and venue for students to transfer and evacuate; After the earthquake, calmly direct the students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In a relatively solid and safe house, students who can hide under desks, beside platforms and in teaching buildings can go to small rooms supported by pipes, and students are not allowed to run around or jump off buildings.
When there is an earthquake, walk in the street to prevent electric shock.
When the earthquake occurred, the glass fragments of high-rise buildings and the concrete fragments outside the buildings, as well as advertising signs, tinplates, neon red light frames, etc. , may fall and hurt people. So when walking in the street, you'd better put your bag or soft things on your head, and you can also put your hands on your head when you are free. Try to be prepared for self-defense. To be calm, leave the telephone poles and fences quickly and run to a relatively open place to hide.
Workshop worker shock absorption
Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and tall equipment, and don't panic and run around. Workers in special posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines in time, and close the operation equipment. Most people can leave the work site, and a few people can stay at the site to monitor the danger at any time under the premise of safety protection, deal with possible accidents in time and prevent secondary disasters.
Emergency shock absorption of running vehicles in earthquake.
(1) The driver should slow down as soon as possible and brake gradually;
(2) Passengers (especially on the train) should firmly grasp the handle, post or seat with their hands, and pay attention to prevent luggage from falling from the luggage rack and hurting people. People facing the driving direction should put their arms on the seat cushion in front, protect their faces, lean toward the passage, and protect their heads with their hands; People with their backs to the direction of driving should protect the back of their heads with their hands, raise their knees to protect their abdomen, tighten their bodies and take a defensive posture.
Emergency shock absorption of people in buildings during earthquakes.
Once an earthquake happens, keep a clear head, judge the vibration in time, and never jump off a building in a panic. Secondly, you can hide under solid furniture, or in a corner, or you can move to a kitchen, toilet and small room with many load-bearing walls for temporary shelter. Because these places have strong binding force, especially the pipeline has good supporting force and large seismic coefficient after treatment. In a word, according to the building layout and indoor conditions, we can evaluate the situation and find safe spaces and passages to avoid and reduce casualties.
Emergency shock absorption in the store during earthquake
The department store kept calm when it was hit by an earthquake. Due to the panic of people and the falling of goods, the refuge passage may be blocked. At this time, you should hide near big pillars and big commodities (avoid commodity display cabinets), or hide in an unobstructed passage, and then bend down and wait for the earthquake to subside. In the upstairs position, in principle, it is best to transfer to the ground floor. However, stairs are often the weak parts of buildings in earthquake resistance. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to escape. Attendants should organize the masses to avoid nearby and evacuate safely after the earthquake.
Self-help after the earthquake
If you are buried under the ruins during the earthquake, your surroundings are dark and there is only a very small space. Don't panic, be calm, build up confidence in survival, and believe that someone will come to save you and do everything possible to protect yourself.
After an earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new injuries, we should try our best to improve our environment. At this time, if you carry an emergency kit with you, it will play a great role in getting out of danger.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, we should protect the smooth breathing, remove the debris from the head and chest, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes when you smell gas and toxic gases; Avoid weak collapsed objects and other falling objects above the body; Expand the stable living space and support the ruins with bricks and sticks to prevent the environment from further deterioration after aftershocks.
Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, save your strength as much as possible, and beat something that can make a sound with a stone to send out a distress signal. Don't cry, don't be impatient, don't act blindly, it will consume a lot of energy and physical strength. Try to control your emotions or close your eyes and wait for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, try to dress it to avoid excessive bleeding.
Sustain life. If you have been buried under the rubble for a long time, rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the distress signal, you must find ways to maintain your life. Water and food in the earthquake-proof bag must be stored, and ways should be found to find food and drinking water. Your urine can also quench your thirst if necessary.
Mutual rescue after earthquake
After the earthquake, it is impossible for the external disaster relief team to rush to the disaster relief site immediately. In this case, in order to let more people buried under the rubble get precious lives, people in disaster areas actively participate in mutual rescue, which is the most timely and effective way to reduce casualties, and also embodies the lofty virtue of "saving people from danger".
Timely rescue time, the greater the hope of being rescued. According to relevant data, the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 20 minutes after the earthquake is over 98%, and the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 1 hour after the earthquake is reduced to 63%. Among those who could not be rescued within two hours after the earthquake, 58% died of suffocation. They died not because the building collapsed in the earthquake, but because of suffocation. If they can be rescued in time, they can completely get life. Hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the ruins in Tangshan earthquake, and most of them were reborn through self-help and mutual help. The mutual aid action of the people in the disaster area has played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.
Rescuing people quickly after the earthquake.
To save people after the earthquake, we should strive for the principles of fast time, accurate goals, proper methods and growing mutual aid teams. The specific approach is: first save the neighborhood, whether it is family, neighbors or strangers, don't go far; Save those who are saved first, so as to quickly expand the mutual rescue team; Save young adults and medical staff first, so that they can give full play to their role in disaster relief; Save "life" first, and then save "people" In Tangshan earthquake, a rural woman only showed her head to avoid suffocation, and then went to save another person, saving dozens of people in a short time.
A way to save lives
According to the actual situation of the post-earthquake environment and conditions, effective rescue methods should be adopted in order to safely rescue the buried people from the ruins.
Through understanding and searching, it is determined that there are buried people in the ruins, and then the buried position is judged, and the rescue signal is transmitted by shouting or knocking on the ruins.
During the rescue, special attention should be paid to the safety of the buried personnel. First, the tools used (such as iron bars, hoes, sticks, etc.). ) should not hurt buried personnel; Second, don't destroy the supporting conditions around the space where the buried personnel are located, causing new collapse and making the buried personnel in distress again; Third, communicate with the closed space of buried personnel as soon as possible, so that fresh air can flow to people. If the dust is too large during excavation, water should be sprayed to reduce dust to avoid suffocation of buried personnel; Fourth, if you are buried for a long time and it is difficult to rescue for a while, you can try to deliver drinking water, food and medicine to the buried people to maintain their lives.
Before the rescue operation, we should plan and step by step, and consider where to dig, where not to dig, where to use hoes and where to use sticks.
In the past, rescuers acted blindly, stepping on the roof above the buried person and crushing the buried person to death. Therefore, in the process of rescue, scientific analysis and action are needed to get good rescue effect, and blind action often causes new harm to the rescued object.
Rescue and nursing
First of all, the head of the buried person is exposed from the ruins, and the dust in the nose and mouth is removed to ensure smooth breathing. For those who are seriously injured and can't leave the burial site by themselves, try to carefully remove the buried objects on and around them, and then carry the buried people out of the ruins without forcibly dragging them.
For those who are hungry and cold, injured and suffocated, and buried for a long time, cover their eyes with dark cloth after being rescued to avoid strong light stimulation. According to the severity of the injury, the injured person shall be bandaged or sent to a medical point for emergency treatment.
Main points of shock absorption
Whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in our country believe that it is a better way to avoid nearby during an earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. Shock absorption should be chosen in a solid place indoors, under (next to) objects that can cover the body, which is easy to form a triangular space, a small place with support, and an open and safe place indoors.
The posture that the body should take:
Lie down, squat or sit down, try to curl up and lower your center of gravity.
Grab a solid object, such as a table leg.
Protect your head, neck and eyes, and cover your mouth and nose.
Avoid crowds, don't crowd around, and don't light open flames casually, because there may be flammable and explosive gases in the air.
School shock absorption
In class, under the command of the teacher, hold your head quickly, close your eyes and hide under the desk.
When you are in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place, protect your head with your hands, and pay attention to avoiding tall buildings or dangerous objects.
Don't go back to the classroom
Evacuation should be organized after the earthquake.
Never jump off a building! Don't stand outside the window! Don't go to the balcony
Classes should be held outdoors when necessary.
Family shock absorption
The earthquake warning time is short, and the indoor shock absorption is more real, and the triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe living place for people, which can be called shock absorption space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports.
Indoor triangular space is easy to form:
Under the edge of the kang, close to solid furniture;
Root and corner of interior wall;
Kitchen, bathroom, storage room and other small places.
Shock absorption in public places
Listen to the instructions of the field staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid crowds, and avoid being pushed to the wall or fence.
In theatres, gymnasiums, etc:
Squat down on the spot or under a row of chairs;
Pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans;
Protect your head with a schoolbag, etc.
After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.:
Choose solid counters and commodities (such as low furniture, etc.). ) or pillars, and squat down in the inner corner, and protect your head with your hands or other things; Avoid glass doors and windows, glass windows or counters; Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items; Avoid tall or hanging objects, such as billboards and chandeliers.
In a moving electric (automobile) vehicle:
Grasp the handrail to avoid falling or bumping; Lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat.
Don't get off until the earthquake has passed.
Outdoor shock absorption
Field selection of outdoor shock absorber;
Squat or get down to avoid falling;
Don't run around and avoid crowded places;
Don't go back indoors casually.
Avoid tall buildings or structures:
Buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls;
Crossing bridges and overpasses;
Under tall chimneys and water towers.
Avoid dangerous objects, towering or hanging objects:
Transformer, telephone pole, street lamp, etc. ;
Billboards, cranes, etc.
Avoid other dangerous places:
Narrow streets;
Dangerous old houses, dangerous walls;
Under the parapet, high gate face and awning;
Bricks, wood and other things piled up.
How to save yourself after a strong earthquake
1, after the earthquake, you should actively participate in the rescue work, you can stick your ear on the wall and listen to whether there are survivors.
2. Expose the head of the injured person first and keep breathing smoothly. If suffocation occurs, give artificial respiration immediately.
3. Once buried, try to avoid unstable collapsed objects above your body and try to support the rubble with bricks and wooden sticks. To strengthen the environment.
The earthquake happened in an instant, so anyone should save himself before saving others. First save the easy, then save the difficult; First save near, then save far.
How to identify earthquake rumors
1. To correctly understand the actual level of earthquake prediction at home and abroad, the medium-and long-term predictions made by human beings have certain credibility at present, but the success rate of short-term and imminent predictions is still relatively low.
2. It needs to be clear that in China, the authority to issue earthquake prediction lies with the government, and no other unit or individual has the right to issue earthquake prediction news. Treat earthquake rumors, don't believe them, don't spread them, and report them in time.
3. Learn the common sense of earthquakes and eliminate the fear of earthquakes.
4. Don't believe in rumors and snap up blindly.
When a big earthquake comes, experts suggest that family members should master three principles:
Principle 1: Make the right choice according to local conditions. During the earthquake, everyone's environment and conditions are very different, and the way of shock absorption can't be the same, which needs specific analysis. These conditions include: whether to live in a bungalow or a building, whether the earthquake occurred during the day or at night, whether the house is strong, whether there is room for shock absorption indoors, how far away you are from the door, and whether it is open and safe outdoors.
Principle 2: act decisively and never hesitate. The success of the shock absorber is at a critical juncture, and we must not hesitate before and after. If you live in a bungalow, you should act decisively, or take refuge nearby, or go out in an emergency, and don't rush back and forth.
Principle 3: Eat your bread and taste your guts, and don't get sick. The ancients once recorded in the "Earthquake Records": "You can't get sick when you die, you have to wait for the earthquake to pass. Even if there is a nest, you can finish eating the eggs. " That is to say, when an earthquake happens, don't rush out of the house, but take the time to find a suitable damping place and take the form of squatting or sitting down until the earthquake passes, so that even if the house collapses, people can be safe and sound.
Three strategies for shock absorption of high-rise buildings
Experts suggest that in Beijing, a metropolis dominated by architecture, residents should consciously master some scientific and applicable earthquake prevention strategies.
Strategy 1: Stay calm during the earthquake and go outdoors after the earthquake. This is an international standard for earthquake prevention. Many earthquake examples at home and abroad show that people are most likely to be killed or injured when they enter or leave buildings in a short time. Therefore, experts remind that indoor shock absorption conditions are good, and indoor shock absorption must be selected first. If the building has poor earthquake resistance, try to run out of the room.
According to the relevant national standards, residential buildings in Beijing should have the ability to resist the damage of the 8-degree earthquake. Experts suggest that don't panic when an earthquake occurs, keep your vision open and mobile, and let the camera move. Especially don't stay in bed; Don't run to the balcony; Don't run to the corridor where there are many people; Don't jump off a building; Don't use the elevator. If there is an earthquake, you should leave the elevator as soon as possible. If the door won't open, hold your head down. In addition, it is necessary to immediately put out the fire and cut off the power supply to prevent burns, electric shocks and fires.
Strategy 2: The position of shock absorber is very important. If you live in a building shock absorber, you can judge the situation according to the building layout and indoor conditions and find a safe space to escape. It is best to find a place where a triangular space can be formed. It's safer to squat next to the heater, which is very important. The reticular structure and elasticity of metal pipes are not easy to be torn, and it is not easy to be thrown out even if there is a big earthquake. The heating pipe is well ventilated, which is not easy to cause suffocation; The water stored in the pipeline can also prolong the survival period. More importantly, trapped people can send information to the outside world by tapping the heating pipe, and the location of the heating near the external wall is conducive to getting help as soon as possible.
Hiding in a small room like kitchen and bathroom, pay special attention to stay away from stoves, gas pipes and fragile dishes. If the kitchen and bathroom are located in the corner of the building and the partition wall is thin-walled, don't choose it as the best location for shock absorption. In addition, don't get into cabinets or boxes, because once people get into them, they will immediately lose their mobility, their vision will be blocked, and their limbs will be tied, which not only misses the opportunity to escape, but also is not conducive to being rescued; Poor lying posture increases the plane area of human body, and the probability of being hit is five times greater than that of standing posture, making it difficult to maneuver.
Strategy 3: near water is not close to fire, but outside rather than inside. This is an important principle to ensure timely assistance from others in urban earthquakes. Stay away from gas stoves, gas pipelines and household appliances; Don't choose the internal position of the building, try to be close to the external wall, but don't hide under the window; Try to get close to the water source. Once trapped, try to contact the outside world. In addition to using a mobile phone, you can also use water pipes and radiators or turn on a flashlight.
Tips for family shock absorption
1. Take time to avoid danger urgently. If you feel that the shaking is very light, it means that the source is far away. Just hide under solid furniture. The shaking process from the beginning to the end of a major earthquake takes only ten seconds to dozens of seconds, so it is most important to seize the time to prevent earthquakes, so don't delay the time.
2. Choose a suitable shockproof space. The safer indoor earthquake-proof space is: the root and corner of the load-bearing wall; There are water pipes and warm air pipes. The most unfavorable places for shock absorption in the house are: unsupported beds; Under the ceiling and chandelier; On the floor without support around; Next to the glass (including the mirror) and the big window.
3. Do a good job of self-protection. First of all, you should be calm. After choosing the shelter, you should squat or sit down, face down and rest with your forehead on your arm. Or grab a solid object around you, such as a table leg, to avoid falling down during an earthquake or being injured due to out-of-control displacement of the body; Protect your head and neck, bow your head, and protect your head or back neck with your hands; Protect your eyes, lower your head and close your eyes to prevent foreign body injury; Protect your mouth and nose. If possible, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent dust and toxic gases.
10 earthquake notes
1. For the personal safety of yourself and your family, please hide under solid furniture such as tables.
The shaking time is about 1 min. This is the first thing that should be considered is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity and hold the legs tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.
2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately in case of fire.
When there is a big earthquake, there will also be situations where you can't rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire is an important factor to control the earthquake disaster to a minimum.
Get into the habit of turning off even a small earthquake.
In order to prevent the fire from causing great disaster, it is self-evident that it is extremely important for the family to help each other and put out the fire early.
During an earthquake, there are three opportunities to put out the fire:
The first chance is that a big earthquake occurs before a small one.
At the moment when they felt the small shaking, they immediately greeted: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.
A second chance after the earthquake stopped.
Turn off the fire as soon as there is a big shake, and the kettle on the gas stove and heating stove will slide down, which is very dangerous.
When the shaking stopped, he shouted again, "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the fire.
The third chance was after the fire.
Even if there is a fire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out the fire quickly, always put the fire extinguisher and bucket near the fire point.
Don't panic and run outside.
After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects.
4. Open the door and ensure the exit.
Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc. Has been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by earthquake shaking. Please open the door and ensure the exit.
Usually, you should think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes.
5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places.
When the earth shakes violently and stands unsteadily, people will have the psychology of leaning over and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the objects of support. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous.
During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture 1987, Japan, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Be sure not to get close to cement precast slab walls, doorposts, etc.
In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags.
In addition, pay attention to the situation that the vending machine falls over and hurts people.
In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid.
6. In department stores and theaters, follow the instructions of the staff.
In places where there are many people in department stores and underground streets, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security guards.
As far as earthquakes are concerned, it is said that underground streets are relatively safe. Even if there is a power failure, the emergency lighting will come on immediately. Please take action calmly.
In case of fire, it will be filled with smoke immediately. Take refuge in a low body posture and don't smoke at all.
If you take the elevator
In case of an earthquake or fire, you can't use the elevator. In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, please press all the buttons on each floor on the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.
Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake happens, it will automatically stop at the nearest floor.
If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management room for help through the dedicated telephone in the elevator.
7. The car is parked on the side of the road, and driving is prohibited in the controlled area.
In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road.
Most roads in the urban area will be completely closed. Pay full attention to car radio broadcasting. If there is a policeman nearby, you should follow his instructions.
When you need to take refuge, in order not to get involved in the fire, please close the window, put the car keys in the car, don't lock the door, and act with the local people.
8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.
On hillsides and steep slopes, there is danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly.
On the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you feel an earthquake or issue a tsunami warning, please pay attention to the information on radio and television and take refuge in a safe place quickly.
9. Walk when taking refuge, and take as few personal belongings as possible.
When the fire caused by the earthquake spreads and burns, and life and personal safety are in danger, take refuge measures. In principle, people's disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. You should take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and carry as few items as possible. Never take refuge by car or bike.
The cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable for patients to take refuge. Usually, neighbors need to agree on the way to take refuge in advance.
10. Don't listen to rumors and don't act rashly.
In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.
Get correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information obtained directly from the government, police and fire prevention agencies, and never believe irresponsible gossip, let alone make a move.
The usual preparatory work
Earthquake prediction
Earthquakes, like wind and rain, are natural phenomena. There are precursors before coming, especially strong earthquakes, which always cause various physical and chemical changes underground and above ground in the process of gestation, providing people with information. As long as people carefully observe and master the law of earthquake precursors, earthquake prediction will come true one day.
In earthquake prediction, seismologists in China have made gratifying achievements. 1On February 4th, 975, China Haicheng earthquake with magnitude 7.3 was successfully predicted, which was the first successful earthquake prediction in human history. Subsequently, the1May 29th, 976 Longling earthquake in Yunnan and the1August 6th and August 29th, 976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquakes in Sichuan were successfully predicted. In the last ten years, there have been several good earthquake predictions. Successful earthquake prediction not only greatly reduces casualties, but also has obvious economic and social benefits. These earthquake examples show that earthquakes are precursors and can be predicted and prevented.
In the period before the earthquake, there will always be some abnormal changes near the earthquake zone. Such as the change, sudden rise, sudden drop or bad taste, turbidity, ringing and bubbling of groundwater. Meteorological changes, such as sudden cold weather, sudden heat, drought and flood, electromagnetic field changes, abnormal reactions of animals and plants before earthquakes, etc. Through the comprehensive study of these reactions, coupled with the processing and analysis of observation data by professional departments from the aspects of earthquake mechanism, seismogeology, geophysics, geochemistry, biological changes, celestial influence and meteorological anomalies, the time, place and magnitude of earthquakes can be predicted. For example, 1975' s successful prediction of Haicheng M = 7.3 earthquake is an example. However, due to the complexity of the causes of earthquakes and the suddenness of earthquakes, as well as the limited scientific level of people at present, earthquake prediction is still a worldwide problem, and there are no reliable methods and means to accurately predict all destructive earthquakes in the world. Therefore, seismologists and experts all over the world are trying to explore.
However, earthquake prediction is one of the difficult problems in contemporary science, and it is still in the semi-empirical and semi-theoretical stage. Several earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above that occur on land every year in the world and some moderate earthquakes that occur in China in recent years, especially the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 of 1976, failed to make short-term and imminent predictions. These earthquakes have brought great disasters to mankind. Therefore, earthquake prediction needs the cooperation of scientists all over the world, the attention of the whole society, and the efforts of generations of seismologists before it can be finally overcome in theory.
Provisions on issuing earthquake prediction
Earthquake prediction is generally issued by the provincial people's government. In case of emergency, the people's government of the city or county can issue an impending earthquake warning within 48 hours and report to the superior at the same time. The earthquake prediction in Beijing was put forward by the State Seismological Bureau, approved by the State Council, and released to the public by the Beijing Municipal People's Government. No other unit or individual has the right to publish earthquake prediction news.
General situation of earthquake science data resources
First, the status of earthquake science data resources
According to the functions of monitoring and forecasting, earthquake disaster prevention and emergency rescue entrusted by the state to the Seismological Bureau of China, the Seismological Bureau of China attaches great importance to the collection of seismic scientific data in order to improve the ability of earthquake monitoring and forecasting and do a good job in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. After more than 30 years of development, a multi-disciplinary and multi-category basic data observation network has been built, including 4 15 earthquake observation and strong vibration observation station, 130 gravity and crustal deformation observation stations, 330 underground fluid observation stations and 140 geomagnetic and geoelectric observation stations, and dense mobile leveling and GPS stations have been built in key earthquake monitoring areas such as the capital circle. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the Seismological Bureau of China carried out digital transformation on some projects and stations of the observation network, and will continue to invest more than 2 billion yuan to build a digital seismic observation network during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. In addition to daily monitoring, Seismological Bureau of China has also carried out a lot of geophysical exploration, geological survey, earthquake disaster investigation and experiments, and organized and participated in a series of national large-scale scientific research and engineering construction projects, such as compilation of large-scale geoscience sections, earthquake zoning, research on strong earthquake mechanism in Chinese mainland, volcano and volcanic disaster monitoring, Three Gorges Project, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, etc. And accumulated more than 70 thousand geophysical profiles and thousands of active fault surveys, and accumulated a lot in the implementation process.
According to the acquisition method, seismic scientific data can be divided into five categories:
Observe the data. Including: earthquake, geomagnetism, gravity, topographic change, geoelectricity, underground fluid, strong vibration, current crustal movement and other observation data. This is the largest kind of data in earthquake science.
Test data. Including: artificial earthquake, magnetotelluric, seismic flow array and other data.
Survey data. Including: seismic geology, earthquake disasters, earthquake field scientific research, engineering earthquake damage, earthquake damage prediction, earthquake remote sensing and other data.
Experimental data. Including: structural physics experiment, neotectonic age experiment, building structure seismic experiment, geotechnical earthquake engineering experiment and other data.
Thematic data. This kind of data is comprehensive data, which mainly serves an important research topic, major engineering projects, comprehensive research in a specific region and other work objectives. Such as: large-section geological exploration research, volcano monitoring research, reservoir earthquake monitoring research, mine earthquake monitoring research, typical earthquake damage, Chinese mainland geostress environmental data, Three Gorges Project, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, building seismic safety evaluation and other data.
According to preliminary statistics, up to now, the total amount of data in the above five categories, such as earthquake observation, detection, investigation, experiment and special topics, has reached several kilograms, and the annual increase of data has exceeded 300 grams.