Tourism economy
Economic relations between tourism enterprises and between tourism enterprises and related enterprises. Tourism enterprises provide tourists with corresponding services such as food, accommodation, transportation, shopping and entertainment, and tourists pay certain remuneration, thus forming an economic relationship between tourists and tourism enterprises. In order to arrange tourists' tourism activities, tourism enterprises need to have economic ties with other related enterprises or departments. These economic links constitute the content of tourism economy and are part of the operation of national economy.
A relaxed economic environment
With the economic reform and development in recent years, the national and local fiscal revenues have greatly increased, and the people's income has also been continuously improved. Therefore, on the one hand, more funds can be used for the capital investment needed for tourism development, on the other hand, residents' tourism.
Meeting place of tourism economic forum
Consumer spending also has great growth potential, and these favorable market conditions provide more relaxed development space for China tourism in the next few years.
Mature economic policy
In recent years, the state has vigorously supported and promoted the development of tourism, and local governments have also actively maintained and promoted the development of tourism. The strategy of western development is based on ecological construction and environmental protection. The principles and policies of attaching importance to ecological environment protection also provide policy guidance for the development of tourism economy.
Rapid environmental construction
Tourism economy in Wuyuan county
In recent years, the state has combined ecological environment construction, structural adjustment and resource development, continuously strengthened the construction and protection of natural ecological environment, and formulated the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan, which requires local governments at all levels to clearly define the construction objectives, tasks and priorities, fully implement natural forest resources protection projects, carefully organize comprehensive management of ecological environment, and implement projects such as returning farmland to forests. Adhere to the principles of combining ecological environment construction with the development of water conservancy and hydropower resources, with the development of forestry and animal husbandry, and with the development of tourism resources, which fundamentally ensures the development of tourism.
Local tourism economy
The domestic tourism economy industry represented by Shenzhen has developed rapidly in just a few years. Excellent tourist attractions such as world cultural theme parks and authentic windows of the world have played an innovative and leading role in the development of domestic tourism. Receiving a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year has greatly promoted the economic development of this region, and also made people see the important role of tourism economy in stimulating domestic demand and promoting economic development. The economically developed coastal areas are all developed tourist areas. Hainan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Shanghai, Dalian, Qingdao and other famous tourist areas actively maintain and cultivate the development of tourism economy. Dalian, in particular, has become more and more famous in recent years and is known as "Hong Kong in the North".
National tourism market
In recent years, the state will continue to accelerate the development of tourism, improve the legal system construction of the tourism market, and govern and standardize the order of the tourism market according to law. On the basis of strengthening the protection and construction of ecological environment, we will vigorously develop infrastructure construction and strengthen aviation industry investment and standardized management; The railway system is electrified at a faster speed, and many branch lines are added in the western region; Expressway construction is also accelerating. At the same time, vigorously rectify tourism companies and intermediaries, improve service quality and protect consumers' rights and interests. These measures are of great significance for developing tourism resources and promoting the healthy development of the national tourism market.
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infrastructure
China's infrastructure lags far behind that of developed countries, so we should increase investment in hardware facilities and software services. We must continue to make progress in transportation, urban planning and construction, improving sanitary conditions and information service facilities.
Ecological environment construction
Sustainable development is the top priority of tourism economic development. China needs a lot of investment to build and protect the ecological environment. The ecological problems that need to be solved urgently in China are as follows:
Anhui "Two Mountains and One Lake" Tourism Economic Circle
(1) Forest area Due to excessive logging, China's forest area is decreasing at a rate of 5000KM2 per year, and the forest coverage area is only 14%, far below the world average of 25%.
(2) The grasslands in13 of China are overgrazed, and many grasslands are destroyed. The United Nations Development Programme warned that unless urgent measures are taken, the desertification rate of grassland in China will increase by 30%, which will seriously damage some natural landscapes and cultural relics in the western region.
(3) Protection of Rare Animals and Plants Due to population growth, animal habitats are constantly being invaded. Among the 630 species of endangered and rare animals registered internationally, there are 56 species in China.
(4) Garbage disposal There is no perfect method and process for garbage disposal in domestic tourist cities and scenic spots. Every tourist season, when there are many people, there are mountains and plains, people come and go, and garbage piles up, which need to be formulated and regulated by law.
Air Pollution The air pollution in many cities is terrible. For example, Beijing, an ancient city with a long history, recently reported by the BBC that it is difficult for Beijing to see the blue sky due to serious pollution. Unfortunately, many foreign tourists mentioned the environmental problems in Beijing. Another example is a famous tourist attraction in Shanxi. On the way from the city to the scenic spot, the smog filled the air, and Japanese tourists had to wear masks, sit in a closed tour bus and complain everywhere.
Service consciousness
The cultivation of service consciousness is related to the prosperity of a regional tourism market and is regarded as an important link by coastal tourist cities. A weak link in the development of China's tourism economy is the lack of service consciousness. Wherever tourists go, they are often cheated and slaughtered, which leads to tourists not caring for local scenery and facilities, littering, scribbling and destroying facilities, forming a vicious circle. Excellent service consciousness and level are the source of maintaining and maintaining the healthy development of the tourism market.
Protection of ancient buildings
In the process of urbanization in China, we should carefully protect ancient civilization sites and surrounding ecological environment, and we should not damage and destroy ancient buildings and sites because of urban construction. The local government should take effective measures to coordinate urban construction with the protection of cultural relics and historic sites.
Consulting and intermediary industry
With the development of tourism market, consulting industry and intermediary industry will flourish. At the same time, the perfect consulting intermediary industry depends on the cultivation and standardized management of the local government. Only in this way can we ensure that tourists can get detailed and correct information services during their local tourism, thus increasing their attraction to tourists.
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The development of tourism economy should focus on improving service quality and level. At present, with the development of China's economy and the improvement of living standards, the service quality and level of the tourism market must be improved accordingly in order to realize the rapid growth of tourism. However, this improvement is not easy to achieve, and it is often necessary to standardize and manage all aspects of the tourism market. In the cultivation and construction of tourism market, it is necessary to improve
China tourism economy
Pay attention to the quality and level of service, pay attention to the improvement of service awareness and service efficiency. Special attention should be paid to the following points:
First, focus on improving service quality. The improvement of service quality is mainly manifested in the balanced improvement of natural environment and human environment. Under the condition of limited investment, we should make full use of existing resources and improve service quality in order to obtain the greatest economic benefits and maintain the sustainable development of tourism economy.
Secondly, pay attention to improving the level of tourism market development. For a long time, due to China's backward economy, low living standard and poor infrastructure, the overall service level of tourism environment and tourism market has been in a chaotic state, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of tourism economy. If the service level is always the same everywhere, it will be difficult to improve the development of tourism economy. The environmental conditions of China's tourism market are not good, and there are phenomena of excessive investment and low-level imitation in the construction and manufacture of cultural attractions (such as the World Park in Beijing). Only by vigorously improving the level of innovation and management can we ensure the healthy development of tourism economy.
The influence of editing this paragraph
There are countless museums, tourist attractions, restaurants, hotels, theaters, entertainment places and shopping centers in new york. This makes new york's tourism industry enduring, even if the economy is depressed, it can't shake new york's position as the most desirable city for global tourists.
The data presented in this paper proves that the recent two economic crises in the United States have not had a great impact on new york's tourism.
Among them, the devastating attack of 9 1 1 terrorists on new york's famous World Trade Center on 201was a direct attack on new york City, which caused a two-year economic recession in the United States, but failed to have a lasting impact on new york's tourism industry. As can be seen from the following data, the total number of tourists in new york has quickly resumed its upward trend after a slight decline in 2002. And then maintained a sustained growth.
Even during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression in 2008-20 10, the total number of tourists in new york did not drop fundamentally. In fact, after a small adjustment in 2009, it quickly resumed growth. [ 1]
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Increase foreign exchange
With the development of international political, economic and cultural exchanges, foreign exchange, as a means of national payment, plays an increasingly important role. As a foreign exchange income, tourism has played an important role in earning foreign exchange and balancing international payments, which has been proved by the practice of various countries and recognized by people. With a population of 39 million and an area of 50 square kilometers, Spain is the largest tourist country in the world and is known as the "tourism kingdom". It makes full use of its unique natural environment; The advantages of sunshine, sea water, beaches and first-class services attract tourists from all over the world. From 1972 to 1977, the country's tourism revenue accounted for 26% of all export revenue on average, of which 1975, Spain's import and export trade deficit reached 7.8 billion US dollars, while tourism revenue was 3 1 100 million US dollars, making up for 40% of the trade deficit. The same is true in Switzerland, where tourism is developed.
Recover money from circulation
Another important part of tourism revenue is domestic tourism revenue. Domestic tourism revenue has a positive effect on the country's withdrawal of money and accumulation of funds. According to statistics, the surplus funds in the hands of the masses in China exceed 2 trillion yuan, with an annual growth rate of about 30%. There are many channels to guide consumption and withdraw funds more effectively, and tourism is a new channel. With the improvement of people's material living standards and the increase of leisure time, people's spiritual needs and consumption are increasingly urgent.
In fact, China's domestic tourism industry has developed rapidly, and its economic role has become increasingly significant. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0985, the number of domestic tourists in China was about 240 million, with a total income of 8 billion yuan. By 1994, the number of domestic tourist attractions had risen to 524 million, with a total consumption of 10235 million yuan.
Develop regional economy
According to Philippe Bombel, president of the French Tourism Association, "43% of the income of hotels, coffee shops and restaurants is directly related to tourism; 42% of air transportation income is related to tourism, 23% of railway transportation income, 12% of automobiles and 8% of agriculture.
China Tourism Economy Blue Book Achievement Conference
6% of the construction industry is related to tourism. "
Tourism is a comprehensive industry. Eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment are the six elements of tourism. We should have places to eat, live, use, go out, buy things and play. Therefore, the development of tourism will inevitably lead to the development of catering, construction, transportation, posts and telecommunications, gardens, commerce, textiles, insurance and other industries directly related to this factor.
According to Australian official statistics, tourism involves 108 industries in 29 economic sectors. Take the construction industry as an example. More than ten years ago, it was common for people to stay in hotels in many cities in China. At that time, it was good for people to have a place to live outside, and some even spent the night at the station. But in just over ten years, by the end of 1998, there were 2 1000 hotels in China, about 4,000 foreign-related hotels and more than 2,000 star-rated hotels, including 45 five-star, 4-star17 and 3-star hotels. The places where tourists live in large numbers are full of grades, which is not the original scene. The development of the construction industry in this period can be imagined.
Oahu Island in Hawaii, USA was a desolate beach before development. After becoming a tourist area in the 1950s, it became a tourist and commercial street with numerous islands. The island has become a world-famous tourist area, receiving about 4 million tourists from all over the world every year. In turn, the development of the construction industry has driven the supporting industries such as water, electricity, gas, heating and communication. , decoration, furniture, catering, sanitary products, etc. In hotels, industry and the production of required agricultural products naturally develop accordingly, and its chain effect is enormous.
Tourists always buy souvenirs, local products and so on to take back and look around. That is, the "purchase" of tourism elements, and the demand for commodities in tourism has driven the production and development of handicrafts, souvenirs and products with national characteristics. According to estimates, the cost of shopping abroad is generally about 65438+ 0/2 of the total cost of tourism. The driving effect of tourism development on related industries can be summarized in one sentence, that is, "one industry prospers the country"
Increase employment opportunities
Because tourism has promoted the development of many industries, the employment opportunities of the whole society have increased. Tourism is a comprehensive industry, which can not only provide employment opportunities for the society directly, but also indirectly. According to international practice, the ratio of direct employment to indirect employment in tourism is about 1: 5. Every additional room in the tourism industry can directly provide 0.75 employment opportunities and indirectly provide 2.5 employment opportunities in relevant departments (hotels, businesses and transportation). At present, the number of people directly engaged in tourism in our city has reached 30,000, and indirectly reached 200,000, accounting for one-fifth of the city's total population.
Poverty alleviation in tourism economy
Tourism is a rapid and lasting poverty alleviation and development project. From the development of international and domestic tourism, we can see that the development speed of tourism is much faster than that of other industries. It was not until after World War II that tourism became an industry. In less than half a century, it has rapidly developed into the largest industry in the world. This kind of development speed is unmatched by any industry. Singapore and Thailand, which are close to China, have developed into Asian tourism powers and world-famous tourist attractions after less than 20 years of painstaking efforts. Many tourist attractions in China minority areas have also warmed up in a short time. For example, Xishuangbanna and Dehong in Yunnan, Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan, Zhangjiajie in Hunan and Dragon Palace in Guizhou all took only a few years from development and publicity to becoming hot spots. Beihai, Guangxi, was even faster, and it became popular in just two or three years, with 1.992 tourists reaching 1.5 million. Smaller tourist attractions, such as terraced Longsheng hot springs; After one or two years of development, the section of the Beijiang River that melts water has attracted more than 10 million tourists. Due to people's strong desire to travel, the modernization of information transmission and the development of means of transportation, developed tourist areas can achieve great results in a short time and become permanent financial resources as long as they have unique landscapes and rich contents that can meet people's requirements and make propaganda work spread all over the world. Therefore, tourism is a short, flat, fast and permanent poverty alleviation and development project.
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With the development of society, tourism has become one of the strongest and largest industries in the global economy. The industrial position and economic role of tourism in urban economic development are gradually strengthened, and its pulling effect on urban economy, driving effect on social employment and promoting effect on culture and environment are increasingly apparent. Tourism is one of the pillar industries of China's economic development.
Sichuan Leshan Giant Buddha Tourist Area
As a new industry of national economy, China's tourism industry has determined the basic policy of development and construction at the early stage of development. On the one hand, it insists on opening to the outside world and attracts funds from all walks of life at home and abroad; On the other hand, make full use of social resources and encourage the state, collectives and individuals to invest in tourism projects. This open investment policy has promoted the activity of China's tourism investment market and the improvement of tourism reception capacity, and created conditions for the prosperity and development of tourism. Although there are still many problems and obstacles in the development of China's tourism industry, especially the low degree of marketization of tourism management system and investment mechanism, on the whole, China's tourism investment environment is constantly optimized.
In the coming 10 year, China's tourism industry will maintain an average annual growth rate of 10.4%, among which the personal tourism consumption will increase by 9.8% annually, and the enterprise/government tourism growth rate will reach 10.9%. By 2020, China will become the world's largest tourist destination country and the fourth largest tourist source exporter. By 20 10, the proportion of China's total tourism revenue to GDP will reach 8% from 5.44% in 2002. Therefore, as one of the six emerging hot consumption industries, tourism will have great investment opportunities in the next few years.