(1) customs and habits
There are many religions in India, and believers are very devout to their own religions. For example, cows are sacred animals in Hinduism, so even cows walking in the street should not offend them. Many Hindus are vegetarians.
Indian residents, especially women, do not drink alcoholic beverages. Sikhs and Parsis are not allowed to smoke, while Muslims don't eat pork. In India, they must use their right hand when giving and receiving. Orthodox Muslims are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverages. During Ramadan, all foods and drinks are forbidden from sunrise to sunset.
It is not allowed to shake hands with Indian women, but only to greet them with a nodding gesture (similar to a prayer gesture). When tourists go to india tourism, they should pay attention to what religion they believe in, and don't overstep the ceremony. If you want to visit religious shrines and temples, you should wear dark clothes and take off your shoes to show your respect.
On New Year's Eve, women should light a lamp on their husbands' faces to show that they will drive away evil spirits and bring good luck for the coming year.
Step 2: Skills
The hotel will add 10% service charge, so there is no need to tip extra. If it is a more advanced hotel, you have to add 7% luxury tax. When carrying luggage at the airport or station, you should pay a tip of 1 rupee at the counter for each piece of luggage, without paying the waiter. When you take a taxi, you usually add 10% of the fare, but you don't need it.
2. Japan
(1) customs and habits
Japanese men and women go to the streets, and women go to the right; If you walk arm in arm, it is a woman holding a man. Three people went to the street, and the middle position was given to a respected person.
Japan has the habit of giving gifts. When giving gifts, we often take this approach: give gifts that are useless to the host, because the recipient can give them to others, and that person can also give them to a third party. Japanese people are very disgusted with things decorated with fox patterns. A cunning fox is a symbol of greed. When visiting Japanese families, you can only bring 15 chrysanthemums, because only the royal hat badge has 16 chrysanthemums.
The Japanese are afraid of lotus flowers.
Japanese taboo "four". Because "four" is the same as death in Japanese. Therefore, Japanese hospitals do not have "four" wards and beds. Japan is called Greening Week from April/KLOC-0 to 7, including street greening day, residential greening day, school greening day, barren mountain greening day, traffic greening day and greening tree protection day. The Japanese smoke themselves, and seldom give you a toast, because the Japanese think cigarettes are harmful to health. Japanese people have a cold and cough and wear white masks when they go out. The Japanese use the thumb to mean "old man" and the little finger to mean "lover".
Lobster Japanese believe that lobsters have long beards and bend over like old people, so they like to use lobsters as decorations on New Year's Day, symbolizing longevity and longevity.
(2) Cultural customs related to business.
Bowing: among Japanese, bowing is still a necessary ceremony when meeting and breaking up; In contact with foreigners, the Japanese have gradually become accustomed to shaking hands instead of bowing. However, you may still get a 90-degree bend. What should I do in this situation? Generally speaking, just nod your head or bend a little, and at the same time extend your hand to each other. The Japanese trading community doesn't seem to care whether foreigners can bow in a standardized way.
Praise: Japanese people say praise in a different way from westerners. Westerners will directly express their appreciation for your personal achievements in trade or your company's achievements, while Japanese often beat around the bush. For example, if the Japanese want to praise your accomplishment, he won't say it directly, but make some comments on the decoration of your office. This is called "using the topic".
Social activities: Even in business activities, Europeans and Americans often invite their negotiating opponents to their homes or attend cocktail parties. But in Japan, such social activities are not common. Japanese people like to invite guests to restaurants or restaurants for dinner, and then go to bars for drinks. Japanese businessmen regard entertaining customers as a means to influence them.
The Japanese-English compound "nominalization" appears in Japanese. "NOMI—-" means drinking in Japanese, while "-NIC" comes from "communication" in English. It can be seen that the Japanese attach importance to eating and drinking.
3. Egypt
(1) Social Etiquette
Shake hands: the taboo is not to use your left hand.
Hugging ceremony: medium intensity
Kissing ceremony: according to the different communication objects, it is divided into the following categories. Kissing the face is generally used between relatives and friends, especially between women. Kissing hands is used to express gratitude to elders or benefactors. Blowing kisses is more common among couples.
(2) dress etiquette
In large and medium-sized cities, the dress of Egyptians has been accepted by international standards, but the dress of the elderly is conservative and Egyptians usually don't care. Note that if you give a gift to an Egyptian friend, you must remember that the pattern must not be the pattern of stars, pigs, dogs, cats and pandas, because it is against national customs.
(3) Catering etiquette
Egyptians like to eat mutton, chicken, duck, potatoes, peas, pumpkins, onions, eggplant and carrots. They are used to entertaining guests with homemade desserts. If the guest refuses to eat at all, it will disappoint the host and show disrespect to others.
(4) Custom taboos
National flower: lotus.
National animal: cat
National stone: olivine
Favorite colors: green and white.
Hate colors: black, blue.
Favorite number: 5, 7
Others: I like onions and think they represent truth; Taboo needles are swearing words; You must be able to tip, otherwise you can't move; Attention when talking to people: men should not take the initiative to talk to women; Don't boast that people are slim; Don't praise things in Egyptian families, people will think you are asking for it; Don't talk to Egypt about religious disputes, the political situation in the Middle East, and the relationship between men and women.
4. South Africa
(1) Social Etiquette
Social etiquette in South Africa can be summarized as "black and white" and "mainly in English". The so-called "black and white" means: restricted by race, religion and customs, blacks and whites in South Africa follow different social etiquette; Britishness means that in a very long historical period, white people held the political power in South Africa, and the social etiquette of white people, especially the social interests of British people, was widely welcomed in South African society.
At present, in social occasions, South Africans generally adopt the greeting ceremony of shaking hands, and they mainly address their associates as "sir", "miss" or "madam". Among black tribes, especially in vast rural areas, South African blacks often show different styles from the mainstream of society. For example, they are used to giving ostrich hair or peacock hair to distinguished guests. At this time, it is perfect for guests to put these precious feathers in their hats or hair.
(2) dress etiquette
In cities, South Africans' clothes are basically westernized. On most formal occasions, they pay attention to dignified and rigorous dress. Therefore, it is best to wear a conservative and dark suit or group dress when conducting official or business contacts, otherwise it will be regarded as impolite by the other party. In addition, African blacks usually have the habit of wearing their own national costumes. Black people from different tribes often have their own different characteristics in dress.
(3) Catering etiquette
Local white people in South Africa mainly eat western food on weekdays, often eating beef, chicken, eggs and bread, and like to drink coffee and black tea. Non-blacks like to eat beef and mutton, and the staple food is corn, potatoes and beans. I don't like raw food, but I like cooked food
The famous drink in South Africa is Rubao tea. When visiting black families in South Africa, directors usually send freshly squeezed milk or goat's milk and sometimes homemade beer. Guests must drink more, preferably all at once.
(4) Custom taboos
Christian South Africans are afraid of numbers 13 and Fridays; South African blacks worship their ancestors very much, and they are particularly afraid that outsiders will not respect their ancestors' words and deeds. When talking with South Africans, there are four topics that should not be involved: don't set standards for whites to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages; Do not comment on the relations and contradictions between different black tribes or factions; Don't criticize the old habits of black people; Don't congratulate each other on having a boy.
5. Canada
(1) Social Etiquette
Canada's basic national conditions are vast territory and sparsely populated. The special environment has a certain influence on how Canadians treat people. Generally speaking, in social interaction, the greatest feature of Canadians is politeness and freedom.
The main body of Canadian nationals is composed of descendants of British and French immigrants. Generally speaking, most British Canadians believe in Christianity and speak English. Personality is conservative and introverted. French Canadians, on the other hand, mostly believe in Catholicism, speak French and have a cheerful and unrestrained personality. When dealing with Canadians, we should understand each other's situation and treat them differently.
(2) dress etiquette
In daily life, Canadians mainly wear European-style clothes. At work, they usually wear suits and suits. Often wear dresses or fashions when attending social activities. In casual occasions, you should dress casually as long as you feel good about yourself.
(3) Catering etiquette
Canadians prefer French food, and take bread, beef, chicken, potatoes, tomatoes and other things as their daily food. Generally speaking, they mainly eat meat, especially cheese and butter. Canadians value dinner. They have the habit of inviting relatives and friends to their home for dinner. Accepting this invitation should be understood as an offer of friendship to the host.
(4) Custom taboos
National flower: maple leaf
National tree: maple
Taboo: White lily should not be given as a gift.
6. Brazil
(1) Social Etiquette
From the national character, Brazilians have two main characteristics in dealing with people. On the one hand, Brazilians like to go straight and say what they have. On the other hand, Brazilians are lively, humorous and playful in interpersonal communication. At present, Brazilians usually hug or kiss as a meeting etiquette in social occasions. Only in very formal activities do they shake hands with each other as gifts. In addition, Brazilians have some unique talents. The first is the handshake ceremony. Second, the veneer ceremony. Third, the bathing ceremony.
(2) dress etiquette
On formal occasions, Brazilians dress very appropriately. They not only pay attention to dressing neatly, but also advocate that people should dress differently on different occasions. In important government and business activities, Brazilians advocate wearing suits or organizing groups. In general public places, men should at least wear short shirts and trousers, and women should wear long skirts with high bow-tie sleeves.
(3) Catering etiquette
Brazilians usually eat mainly European western food. Because of the developed animal husbandry, meat accounts for a large proportion of the food eaten by Brazilians. Among the staple foods of Brazilians, Brazilian specialty black beans occupy a place. Brazilians like to drink coffee, black tea and wine.
(4) Custom taboos
National Flower: Cat Country
Auspicious symbol: butterfly
Suitable topics to talk about: football, jokes, funny articles and so on.
When dealing with Brazilians, it is not appropriate to give them handkerchiefs or knives.
The "OK" gesture used by British and American people is obscene in Brazil.
7. Argentina
(1) Social Etiquette
The etiquette used by Argentines in daily communication is basically the same as that of other countries in Europe and America, especially influenced by Spain. Most argentines believe in Catholicism, so we can often see some religious ceremonies in our daily life. Handshaking ceremony is widely used in communication. When meeting people, Argentines think it is easy to shake hands with each other as much as possible. In communication situations, Argentines can generally be called "sir", "miss" or "lady".
(2) dress etiquette
On formal occasions, argentines pay attention to cleanliness and neatness. Those who fail to do this will lose the respect of Argentines. Under normal circumstances, men must wear suits and women should wear dresses or long skirts, whether they are on official visits or going out. It's best not to wear a gray suit in Argentina.
(3) Catering etiquette
Argentines generally like to eat European western food, and beef, mutton and pork are their favorite foods. People's favorite drinks are black tea, coffee and wine. There is a drink called "Paraguay tea", which has the most Argentine characteristics.
(4) Custom taboos
National flower: Cyberflower.
National tree: Aubu tree
Suitable topics to talk about: football and other sports, cooking skills, home furnishings and so on.
When you travel to Argentina, you can give some small gifts. But it is not suitable to send chrysanthemums, handkerchiefs, ties, shirts, etc.
8. America
(1) Social Etiquette
Americans have the following four main characteristics in dealing with people:
First, easy-going, friendly and approachable.
Second, warm and cheerful, informal.
Third, he is not smart and likes humor.
Fourth, strong self-esteem and competitiveness.
(2) dress etiquette
Generally speaking, Americans usually don't dress well. Advocating nature, favoring looseness and paying attention to appearance to show personality are the basic characteristics of American dress. When dealing with Americans, you should pay attention to the following exquisite clothes of the other party so as not to leave a bad impression on the other party.
First, Americans attach great importance to the neatness of Italian clothes.
Second, you must take off your hat and coat when you visit Americans. Americans think it's a courtesy.
Third, Americans attach great importance to dress details.
Fourth, in America, women had better not wear black leather skirts.
Fifth, in the United States, if a woman casually takes off her shoes in front of a man, or shakes the hem of her skirt, it will often make people feel that she is seducing the other person.
Sixth, it is considered impolite for Americans to wear pajamas and slippers to meet guests or go out in such clothes.
Seventh, Americans believe that wearing heavy makeup when going in and out of public places, or putting on makeup in public, will not only be considered uncultured, but also may make people suspicious.
Eighth, people who wear sunglasses indoors are often regarded as "people who can't see the sun" by Americans.
(3) Catering etiquette
There are six commandments for Americans to eat:
First, don't make any noise while eating.
Second, it is not allowed to take food for others.
Third, smoking is not allowed.
Fourth, it is not allowed to persuade wine.
Fifth, it is not allowed to undress in public.
Sixth, don't say anything disgusting.
(4) Custom taboos
National flower: rose
National tree: hawthorn
National bird: vulture
National stone: sapphire
Favorite color: white.
The most annoying numbers: 13 and 3.
Taboo: White lily should not be given as a gift.
9. Germany
(1) Social Etiquette
Germans' unique style of dealing with others often leaves a deep impression on people.
First, strict discipline and strong legal concept.
Second, pay attention to credibility and time concept.
Third, extreme self-esteem and great respect for tradition.
Fourth, treat people with enthusiasm and attach importance to feelings.
It must be pointed out that Germans attach great importance to etiquette in interpersonal communication. When shaking hands with Germans, we need to pay special attention to the following two points: First, we should look at each other calmly when shaking hands; Second, shake hands longer, shake more, and shake hands harder.
Paying attention to address is a remarkable feature of Germans in interpersonal communication. Improper address to Germans usually makes them very unhappy.
Generally speaking, don't call Germans by their first names. The most feasible way is to call them by their full names or surnames.
When talking with Germans, don't ignore the use of personal pronouns "you" and "you". For acquaintances, friends and people of the same age, it can be commensurate. In Germany, addressing "you" means respect, and addressing "you" means equality and intimacy.
(2) dress etiquette
The overall style of German clothing is solemn, simple and neat.
Generally speaking, Germans dress simply. Most men like to wear suits, jackets and fedora. Most women like to wear lapel dresses and long skirts with elegant colors and patterns.
When Germans appear on formal occasions, they must dress neatly, and their clothes are usually dark.
In business communication, they pay attention to men wearing three-piece suits and women wearing skirts.
Germans pay more attention to hairstyles. In Germany, men should not shave their heads for fear of being regarded as "neo-Nazis". Most German girls have short hair or shoulder-length hair, and most women with perms are married.
(3) Catering etiquette
Germans are very particular about diet.
In terms of meat, Germans like pork best, followed by beef. Sausages made of all kinds of pork make Germans never tire of eating them. Germans generally eat a lot and like greasy food, so there are many fat people in Germany.
In terms of drinks, what Germans appreciate most is beer.
Germans have the following special rules when dining.
First of all, the knife and fork for eating fish should not be used for eating meat or cheese.
Second, if you drink beer and wine at the same time, you should drink beer before drinking wine, otherwise it will be considered harmful to your health.
Third, it is not advisable to pile too much food on the plate.
Fourth, don't use napkins to fan the wind.
Fifth, avoid eating walnuts.
(4) Custom taboos
Among all the flowers, Germans appreciate cornflower the most and choose it as the national flower. In Germany, it is not appropriate to give roses or roses at will. The former means courtship, and the latter is dedicated to mourning.
Stork is the national bird of Germany.
Germans prefer black and gray.
Germans are extremely disgusted with "13" and "Friday". They are also disgusted that four people shake hands or cross talk in social situations. Because these two practices are regarded as impolite by them.
Germans think that meeting chimney sweepers on the road indicates good luck one day.
In Germany, shops are closed on Sundays. Shopping on this day is naturally difficult to gain.
Don't choose knives, swords, scissors, knives and forks as gifts for Germans. It is also not allowed to wrap or bind gifts with brown, white and black wrapping paper and ribbons.
When talking with Germans, it is not appropriate to involve Nazi, religious and partisan disputes. Whispering in public places is considered very rude by Germans.
10, France
(1) Social Etiquette
Compared with the British and Germans, the French communicate with people in different ways. Mainly has the following characteristics:
First, I am sociable and sociable. For the French, socialization is an important part of life, and life without social activities is unimaginable.
Second, humor is romantic by nature. Most of them are hearty and enthusiastic in interpersonal communication. People who are eloquent and good at joking, hate people who don't like to talk, and people who can't accept frowning. Influenced by traditional culture, French people not only love adventure, but also like romantic experience.
Third, the desire for freedom and poor discipline. The French are the most famous "liberals" in the world. "Freedom, equality and fraternity" is not only determined by the French Constitution as the national motto, but also clearly written on the national emblem. Although they pay attention to the legal system, they are generally poor in discipline and do not like collective action against the French. You must make an appointment in advance and be punctual, but you should also be prepared in advance for being late.
Fourth, strong self-esteem and preference for "domestic products". French fashion, food and art are world-renowned. Under this influence, the French have a strong sense of national pride and pride. In their view, everything in the world is the best in France. When talking with the French, if you can speak a few words of French, it will definitely make the other person enthusiastic.
Fifth, chivalry and respect for women. In interpersonal communication, the etiquette adopted by the French mainly includes shaking hands, hugging and kissing.
(2) dress etiquette
The French are famous for their exquisite clothes and decorations. The so-called "Parisian style" means the same as fashion and fashion in the ears of the world.
On formal occasions: French people usually wear suits, dresses or gowns, which are mostly blue, gray or black in color and mostly made of pure wool.
When attending the celebration ceremony: you usually wear formal clothes. Most men wear evening dresses with bows, or black suits; Women wear mostly dress-style monochrome big dresses or small dresses.
For dressing up, the French believe that the key is whether the collocation is correct. When choosing hairstyles, handbags, hats, shoes, watches and glasses, they all emphasize that they should be in harmony with their own clothes.
(3) Catering etiquette
As one of the three world-famous cooking kingdoms, the French are very particular about food. Among western food, French food can be said to be the most exquisite.
French people love pasta, and there are many kinds of bread. Most of them love cheese; In terms of meat, they like to eat beef, pork, chicken, caviar and foie gras, and don't eat fat, pets, animal offal other than liver, scaleless fish and biting fish.
French people especially drink. They drink almost every meal, and at the dinner table they pay attention to different dishes with different kinds of drinks. Besides drinks, French people usually like to drink raw water and coffee.
French people are allowed to put their hands on the table when eating, but they are not allowed to put their elbows on the table. When they put down their knives and forks, they are used to putting them half on the plate and half on the table.
(4) Custom taboos
The national flower of France is iris. Don't give chrysanthemums, peonies, roses, rhododendrons, daffodils, marigold and paper flowers to the French at will.
The national bird of France is a rooster. They think this is a direct manifestation of courage and tenacity.
The national stone of France is pearl.
Most French people like blue, white and red, and the colors they are afraid of are mainly yellow and dark green.
The numbers that the French are afraid of are "13" and "Friday".
In interpersonal communication, the French attach great importance to gifts, but they also have their own special attention. Articles with artistic taste and commemorative significance should be selected, and knives, swords, scissors, tableware or articles with obvious advertising signs should not be used. It is also inappropriate for a man to send perfume to a woman with an average relationship. It is impolite to accept a gift without opening the package in front of the giver.