1. Point out the characteristics and multiple meanings of the writing object.

2. Express the author's subjective feelings and attitudes.

3. Reveal the theme or philosophy of the article.

4. Become the clue and structure of the article.

How to Analyze the Functions of Prose Titles

The title is the eye of the article. Titles occupy a very important position in all articles, and prose works are no exception. Even because prose is short in length, fine in content, elegant in language and endless in charm, the content of the title is generally rich, which is particularly important. Therefore, whether reading prose or writing prose, we need to pay special attention to the role of the title. Then, what is the role of prose title in the article, and how to grasp the prose title to answer the questions?

1. Point out the characteristics and multiple meanings of the writing object.

Ren Linju's Yue Hua (National Volume II), Chu Yan's Old Residence (Tianjin Volume), Hegu's Ci of Sima (Beijing Volume), painter Huang Yonghou (Jiangsu Volume) and so on. These works directly point out the object of the author's writing. In reading, we pay special attention to the characteristics of its object and explore why the author wrote this object.

Lei's Colorful Desert (National Volume 1) and Yang Zhensheng's Window of the Study (Hubei Volume) add modifiers or restrictive words in front of the object to form a title with a biased structure. In reading, we should pay more attention to the modifiers in front of the object, combine the content of the article, try to figure out its internal meaning, and make clear the author's views and attitudes.

The titles of Lin Jinlan's The Sound of Spring and Deep Spring (Volume I) are relational propositions, which should be analyzed, scrutinized and understood from the perspective of their relationship. So as to truly understand what the author wants to express.

Example 1 Look at the clouds in Yunnan (fragment)

Clouds in Yunnan give people a very different impression. It is characterized by simplicity, affecting people's temperament, but also sincere and simple. ……

(4) In the past two months, the city has continuously reported to the police. 0.2 million/200 thousand citizens in the city went to the suburbs early and stuck their necks in the sky Everyone saw a few clouds in the sky, expecting the result, but it only increased many people's worries about the gain and loss of wealth. In such a society and such a mental state, Mr. Lu came to Kunming to exhibit his photographic works in Yunnan, telling us that there are other things worthy of attention besides Yunnan legal tender. ..... should have a deeper meaning. ..... The way out is only temporary. Of course, everyone has a way out. Is there any hope for the future of this country? If we can really look at the clouds in the sky, look at them, look at them, look at them, look at them, look at them, look at them, look at them, look at them, look at them. Looking at the clouds in the sky, looking at the clouds in the sky, looking at the clouds in the sky, looking at the clouds in the sky, we may gradually cultivate, we, we, are used to staring at the future, dare not think this is the ultimate goal of an artist. It is precisely because this nation is struggling for development and survival that the war has only been going on for three years. Although the war failed, although thousands of people died and countless wealth was sacrificed, they were not discouraged. I believe that persisting in the war of resistance will inevitably turn over. Just because there is a strong and great ideal behind this war, we can bear the hardships under any circumstances. The reason why we can stand up is not only to develop and survive, but also to think of the latecomers ... take a different road and take the same road to fight the war to the end!

Please analyze the main characteristics and symbolic significance of Yunnan "cloud" in this article.

The main feature of Yunnan "cloud" is unpretentious. The symbolic significance of Yunnan's "Cloud" is to always adhere to a solemn and great ideal-to unify the same goal of personal development and national development: victory in the Anti-Japanese War (in the end).

According to the first sentence of the third paragraph, it is not difficult to analyze the first question; Secondly, the symbolic meaning should be summarized according to the content of the full text and the author's views and attitudes. Emphasis is placed on the fourth paragraph. On the basis of reading the full text, we integrate relevant information, as well as the author's views, attitudes and emotions on the basis of grasping the writing object and its characteristics.

2. Express the author's subjective feelings and attitudes.

Zhang Wei's Passion for Wooden Cars (Zhejiang Volume), Zhou's Silent Qian Zhongshu, and Zhang Wei's Agricultural Poet (Guangdong Volume), in these titles, we should pay special attention to words expressing feelings such as "passion" and "loneliness", which are the summary of the author's inner feelings about the subject characteristics, and we should accurately understand their meanings in combination with the content of the article; Verbs such as "farming" naturally remind us of the feelings of hard work, struggle and pursuit. When reading, we should also fully grasp the meaning of "agriculture" and the author's feelings.

Example 2 The Poet of Farming (excerpt):

Russian painter Lie Bin painted Tolstoy a picture of farming. It attracted me for a long time and made me imagine this outstanding old man and his inseparable relationship with the land. Perhaps this is the most essential and important difference between a great poet and an ordinary writer.

(3) ..... He does whatever they do, and his body and mind are closely integrated with the land. This is not entirely intentional for him, but a natural process, and he can only do so. This is his life. He is one of them. He can blend in, blend in the soil.

Tolstoy ... was a nobleman, but later he became more and more inseparable from the land. In this way, his emotions are more simple and solid, and his spirit is as healthy as his body. This enlightens us that just to maintain this health, a writer must also devote himself to ordinary and trivial daily work, which is an important work that cannot be ignored. A fatal mistake made by other writers at that time was to completely separate this daily work from writing. Occasionally, a little labor will bring out a feeling of curiosity and joy, just like the nobles in rural areas treat coarse grains. Today, it is this hateful gesture that prevents us from moving towards a deeper, broader and more brilliant art world. It can only slip further and further in some exquisite and false productions, and finally it is hopeless.

6. Only when a person is completely covered by simple labor and completely dissolved; Only in the gap between work, at the moment of breathing, looking up at the outside world, when great strangeness and surprise strike, can we grasp something, have a profound understanding and make extraordinary discoveries. This state can support and nourish his full poetry and give him real creativity and judgment. Otherwise, there will be no great stimulus and people's excitement.

From the full text, what is the author's intention to describe Tolstoy as a "farming poet"?

The agricultural map drawn by Russian painter Lie Bin for Tolstoy attracted the author for a long time. He believes that Tolstoy's inseparable relationship with the land is the most essential and important difference between great poets and ordinary writers. (2) Reveal the relationship between literary creation and experience life, and criticize the current delicate, false and distant creative atmosphere. Farming can give us real creativity and judgment. ④ Highly praised Tolstoy's creative spirit of endless pursuit. Praise his writing attitude and way.

This paper always describes Tolstoy around the word "agriculture", which not only shows Tolstoy's spirit, but also reflects the author's high evaluation of Tolstoy. We should answer from these two aspects in combination with the original content.

3. Reveal the theme or philosophy of the article.

Zhou's "Remember the Way Home" (Shandong Volume) and "Be Good as Water" (Jiangsu Volume) are all about sentences, which are often the expression of the main idea or the enlightenment of philosophy. To understand the former, we need to contact the attribute of "going home" and read its surface and deep meaning, so as to better grasp its philosophy; To understand the latter, we need to further understand the broad meaning and specific environment of this "water", so as to better understand the author's thoughts and understanding.

Example 3 Good as Water (fragment):

Dujiangyan is a historical relic, which can not only prevent floods, but also irrigate. It is a myth that human beings use nature. At the same time, Zheng Guoqu has long been a relic that historians need to study, while Dujiangyan is still full of vitality, nourishing the people of the land of abundance. No wonder Taoism respects Li Bing as "a wonderful source and a clear monarch", which coincides with the essence of Laozi's "being good as water". In Dujiangyan, there are two rivers flowing, the Ming River and the dark culture bred by flowing water.

The original Dujiangyan is clean and lasting. Li Bing's scientific water control method of "dividing the flood into four or six parts to relieve the drought" makes it stay young forever and run calmly, becoming the dew of tens of millions of people's lives. Many successors of Li Bing will always follow in Li Bing's footsteps, dredging and repairing Dujiangyan day after day and year after year. Zhuge Liang, Gao Jian, Lu Yi, Altai, Ding Baozhen ... These officials who ensured the land of abundance was protected by drought and flood may not have set a monument of merit before their death, but later generations have feelings. Today, they stand on both sides of the front weir road in Fulongguan for people to pay their respects. Dujiangyan made them, and they shared the same glory with Dujiangyan.

Please explore which layers of meaning Dujiangyan contains "goodness as water".

Reference answer ① Compare "goodness" with water, that is, Dujiangyan is a good work; ② Li Bing and his successors who built and maintained Dujiangyan are good people; (3) It is concluded that people should be good people and do good things.

To analyze the exploration of multi-layer meaning, we need to grasp what the author wrote. The first paragraph of the article reveals relevant information. Combined with the author's writing purpose, we can summarize the corresponding meanings from Dujiangyan itself, builders and people who have devoted themselves to Dujiangyan in history.

4. Become the clue and structure of the article.

From the point of view of conception, if the writing object is the title of the prose writing landscape, this writing object often becomes the clue of the article and can set the structure of the full text. For example, in the text "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", the author walked around the lotus pond under the moon and described a circle around the lotus pond. Its main content is to write the moonlight on the lotus pond first, then the moonlight on the lotus pond and the surrounding area, so that the clue and structure of the article are clear. In 2009, Ren Linju's Yuet Wah (National Volume II), Chu Yan's Old House (Tianjin Volume) and Yang Zhensheng's Window of the Study (Hubei Volume) not only pointed out the writing object, but also the title played an important role in the clues and structural ideas of the article.

Example 4: window (fragment) of research

I thought of the window of the study again today. Speaking of windows, it was really invented by a brainwave after human cave dwelling. It gives you a cool breeze and a bright moon, it gives you a clear sky and blue sky, it gives you mountains and waters, and it gives you a quiet window to enjoy everything in the universe. In a word, it opens the natural boundary with you.

(2) The function of the window is the same everywhere, and the direction of the window, but the hobby is different. I like sitting alone in the north window. Then it's all about light. ……

(3) ..... especially in the morning of new snow, I woke up and didn't know it snowed all night last night. Looking at the blank space penetrating into the room through the paper window is different from usual ... then you can calmly open the curtains and see that the window is bright and clean, and the branches in front of the courtyard are hanging to the corner. ...

6. In this way, I fell in love with North Window. Needless to say, the light intensity of the south window, even the east window and the west window are not as good as the north window. The light in the north window is so weak, but the reflection is not direct. When it comes to reflection, it is "out of the window" of course. I can't imagine the reflection of Ming Lake or Qingshan outside the window. It's too extravagant. I only hope that there is an ancient powder wall outside the north window, which is old enough to show a touch of yellow; If possible, there are some green stone spots on the ancient wall. This wall should not be too close to the window. It will be very narrow if it is too close. Not too far away, too far away will not become a window screen; Go to the window about ten feet and five feet. The brilliance of such an ancient wall is reflected on the table under the window, moist and pale, without any aggressive domineering. This clear light will never invade your peace, nor will it disturb your thinking.

What role does the test window play in the full-text structure? Try to explain it briefly.

The window is an important clue of this article. (2) The author begins with the function of writing window, then mainly writes about the reasons why I like the north window, and finally vividly depicts the scene of imagining the north window.

To understand the function of an object in the structure of an article, we can first look at the title, beginning and end, and then look at the general idea of each paragraph of the article. The title of this paper is "the window of the study", which naturally follows the window, and the window is not only the scope of the author's vision, but also the starting point of his thoughts and feelings. The main content of the article's description and thinking is related to Out of the Window. So the "window" (the "north window" in the text) is the "clue". At the same time, in terms of structure, the author closely follows this clue and develops the writing content in an orderly manner, which is clear at a glance.

(B) apply what you have learned

Cauliflower sun Li

Every spring and last winter, Chinese cabbage almost dried up. When cooking, we often only use some tender leaves on them and put a big root there. After Tomb-Sweeping Day, some vegetable heads will swell up. As the saying goes, vegetables are pregnant.

Slowly peel off the vegetable help, and a pale yellow cauliflower is attached to the root of the vegetable, and the top is covered with stamens like a pile of small grains of rice. It is a kind of spring scenery in my study to flatten the roots, put them in a basin and put them on a book case. Cauliflower, slim, bright and natural, elegant and clean. It has no fragrance, so it has no peculiar smell. The color is monotonous, so there is no mottling. Usually, it is this yellow. But in addition to cauliflower, the whole world can no longer see this yellow color.

This spring, because I was busy moving and sorting out books, I had no leisure to plant a cabbage flower. Last winter, my little grandson brought me a radish, and my hometown was called Lantern Red. Bright red and lovely, I wanted to carve it into a flower basket, sprinkle with wheat grains and store water upside down, as I often did when I was a child. It was also because of chores that I buried it in a flowerpot at will. In the first spring, it stood out, pulled out tall stems, opened many flowers and attracted many bees. This is also cauliflower. Its flowers are slightly white with purple, giving people a cold feeling. Its roots and roots are everywhere, and there is no shortage of nutrition, so it is suitable for hospital. Just as Bloom was flourishing, it was torn to pieces by the children next door. The charm of flowers and people's appreciation are almost completely lost.

It was windy this spring, and it was dark for several days before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. The light in the kitchen is especially bad. One day, it was sunny, and I found a cabbage flower under the desk where vegetables were piled up. It does not grow from the center of cabbage, but from the roots of horizontally placed vegetables, just like a new upright branch growing from an old wood. Some buds have opened and sparkled. I was so happy that I cut the vegetable root and put it in the water tank.

There is also a cauliflower on my desk. This is a godsend.

There is a song in my hometown: Shili cuisine smells like flowers. In my childhood, I saw endless cauliflower, not one or two plants, nor one acre or two acres. In spring, the sun shines, the spring breeze blows, the bees roar and are golden. That's not cabbage flower, it's rape flower. The color is the same as that of cabbage flowers.

1946 Spring, I returned to my hometown from Yan 'an. After eight years in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, my father is very old. Of course he is glad to see me back, but he seldom talks to me. One day, when he came back from the field, he suddenly told me that the couplet was right: lilacs, a hundred heads, a thousand heads and ten thousand heads. It's over. He didn't ask me to go either. Yes, he just smiled. My father has been in business all his life and retired at home in his later years. During the war, he took care of his family and took risks. Take good care of the property you have earned in your life and don't want to use it up at all. That day, I was glad to see that the rape in the field was growing well, so I told you about the couplets. I didn't think of this, and I'm not interested in this couplet and how to interpret the law. I just listened and said nothing. We should have talked to the old man more when he was happy.

Before the rapeseed was planted, my father fell ill and died of a cold after work. Tell me before I die that I can sell my spare house to my uncle's house so that I can handle the funeral.

Now, I am dying. I have lived in the city for a long time, and my hometown is like a dream. Facing a cauliflower, I suddenly remembered many past events. The past, like the color of cauliflower, is far from being elusive and can only cause melancholy.

A person's life is undoubtedly a big topic. Many people try their best to write it into a magnificent article. I can only write it as a short essay, a short essay like the cauliflower on my desk. Cauliflower is also life, and all life can be the theme of the article.

Written under the lamp on May 2 1988

Test question

Read the following passage and answer the question 1~2:

1, the author wrote three kinds of cauliflower, please summarize their characteristics with a few four-word phrases.

The title of this article is cauliflower, but it is about my father. What is the connection between the two?

Reference answer

1. Cabbage cauliflower: graceful, bright and natural, elegant and clean, odorless and tasteless, monotonous in color, dazzling and bright.

Radish cauliflower: white with purple, cool and unique.

Rape flowers: ten miles of flowers are fragrant, and the bees are golden.

First, my father's rape field is full of cauliflower, and my father died before the rape was sown, so he naturally thought of his father. Second, my father, like cauliflower, is an ordinary person, doing ordinary things and opening his own flowers, which deserves the respect of his children.

A common problem in narrative reading is to analyze the role of article titles. Often ask questions in this form: "Why use such a title?" "What are the benefits of such a title?" "Can I change a title?" Students are often confused about how to start such a topic. In fact, this type of question has rules to follow, and the topic has several functions, usually two or three combinations. Let's see:

1. Functions of rhetorical devices or writing skills used in titles, such as symbols, metaphors, puns, etc.

For example, "How many roses are there" in the senior high school entrance examination in Nanjing uses symbolic techniques, and "Wild Rose" symbolizes the indifferent and simple quality of the elderly.

Don't let a grain of sand stand in your way. The topic compares a small difficulty to "a grain of sand"

The title of the door is a pun, which refers to both the "door" in life and the "heart door" of children.

2. Explain the writing content of the article.

Example: Lu Xun's A Little Thing, the title of which explains the writing content of the article-a little thing.

3. Explain the writing object of the article.

Example: Hu Shi's My Mother, the title of which explains the object of writing-my mother.

4. Explain the writing order.

Example: Lu Xun's "From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue", the title explains the writing order of the article-spatial order.

5. Explain the theme and emotion of the article.

Example: Nie's Dear Mom and Dad, the title explains the emotion expressed in the article-love for mom and dad.

6. Set suspense to stimulate readers' interest in reading.

Example: Wei's The Mystery of Lemmings sets suspense and stimulates readers' interest in reading.

7. This is a clue to the writing of the article.

Example: Lin's "Dad's Flowers Fall", the article takes Bloom's "Flowers Fall" as a clue.