"I used to walk on the road during rush hour, and everyone was very dark. Now there are fewer people and fewer cars. " Today, Wang Zhanhui, manager of the Southern District Management Office of Chegongmiao Industrial Zone in Shenzhen, told China Youth Daily that two years ago, the industrial zone was famous for its high rent. I don't know how many enterprises want to find a way to settle here, but now the vacancy rate of houses here is as high as 5% to 10%.
In, it was once called "Tianan Industrial Zone". Most of them were labor-intensive enterprises at that time. After several years of transformation, this industrial zone has been transformed into a science and technology park focusing on the research and development of high-tech products, especially software and services, and has also become the "Tianan Digital City" familiar to Shenzhen people.
It is famous for its complete facilities and convenient transportation. There are almost all national banks, supermarkets, department stores and restaurants here, and there is also a police station responsible for public security here.
Since last year, the enterprises in this industrial zone have been affected by the financial turmoil. In the first half of last year, the average daily amount of a power line and cable enterprise was more than tens of thousands of yuan, and it began to decline after August until the average daily amount was less than 1 10,000 yuan.
Also from last September, there was a vacancy here. "There are two companies in Tianan, and nearly two of them rent offices. Although the number is small, each company has a large area and scale. At first, the vacancy rate was 5%, and then it soared to 10%. Now it is about 8%. " Wang Zhanhui said.
As anxious as he is, there is also a super manager in the industrial zone as the boss. Three years ago, he signed the management right of Wandiantong supermarket chain in Tianan area. At the beginning, as long as it is off work, there are always a group of people flocking here, and even the aisles are full. "But now? I quit three of the five employees in the store and stayed here all day as a clerk. " As the boss faces the empty street outside the door, he says in confusion. The most terrible thing is that it will expire in August this year, and he has not even recovered the cost.
Ren boss thinks the reason is that there are few people. The data found by Wang Zhanhui from the police office in the jurisdiction is that at the peak of that year, there were nearly 80,000 people in Tianan Digital City in the jurisdiction, and now there are less than 60,000 people.
From "difficulty in recruiting workers" to "difficulty in finding jobs"
On the morning of February 8, Tan Xiao, who returned to Shenzhen from his hometown in Maoming, Guangdong, came to Baoan District Public Art Museum early in the morning, where there will be a free job fair. Perhaps because of Sunday, there are only about 30 recruitment companies, most of which provide security guards, waiters, cashiers and other service positions. At the job fair, Tan Xiao carefully read the employment demand information of various enterprises. To her disappointment, there are only one or two clerical positions that she wants to find, and all of them require college education or above, which makes Tan Xiao, who only has a high school diploma, completely lose the competition opportunity. "You look at it again, if not, you have to lower your expectations and become a waiter again. Anyway, you still earn more in Shenzhen than in your hometown. "
Tan Xiao, who is in her early twenties, worked in Shenzhen for four years as a hotel waiter, a mall promoter and a factory employee. During these four years, she changed several jobs. Affected by the financial turmoil, in June 5438+last February, an electronics factory in Bao 'an, where she worked, went bankrupt, and Tan Xiao lost her job. The Spring Festival is coming, so she simply goes home for the Spring Festival. However, the severe employment situation after the holiday made her unexpected. Coming out of the job fair, she told the China Youth Daily reporter with a sad face: "Last year, the job in Baoan was still easy to find. Many large enterprises recruit people, and now many of them are small and the requirements are not low. "
Yang Wei of Zhumadian, Henan Province was also in a daze at the job fair. He didn't see any financial positions he wanted to compete for. In March last year, Yang Wei came to Shenzhen from his hometown, and found a job of checking documents in an instrument enterprise in Baoan District with no effort. In order to take the entrance examination for another company, he resigned from this job in June last year. "At that time, I felt that I had resigned. There is nothing to regret. Now I have failed in the exam and can't find a new position. I really regret it when I think about it. "
From the difficulty of recruiting workers to finding jobs, Manager Hu of Shenzhen Pengcheng Human Resources Baoan Branch is deeply touched by the reversal of the human resources field in the past six months. Bao 'an District, where he is located, is a densely populated area of processing enterprises in Shenzhen. Before the third quarter of last year, there were still many enterprises to recruit. Clothing, electronics, toys and other enterprises and foreign trade industries are large employment. However, with the spread of the financial crisis of May 438+10 last June, the market situation suddenly reversed, and now there is not enough manpower, especially for enterprises.
A person in charge of a shoe factory still remembers the "grand occasion" when it was difficult to recruit workers at this time last year: after the Spring Festival that year, because there were no suitable workers, the factory even converted the delivery car into a recruitment car for mobile recruitment, regardless of age and sex, and the salary was raised by one or two hundred yuan compared with the past, but few people came to visit.
The owner of an electronics factory in Bao 'an District, Shenzhen was still worried about recruitment at the beginning of last year. Although several employment agencies were commissioned, the effect was not obvious, and this situation continued until the second half of last year.
According to the comprehensive comparison of the labor department on the job market, by the third quarter of last year, the number of workers in Shenzhen was still 300,000, but by the fourth quarter, the number of job seekers exceeded the demand for the first time.
"At that time, twenty or thirty companies commissioned recruitment every day, and basically 50% were not satisfied." Zhang Huanbin, manager of one of the largest talent fields in Baoan District, Shenzhen, said that now enterprises generally begin to reflect that with the improvement of the success rate of job placement, it is easy for enterprises to recruit people.
Corresponding to the easier recruitment of enterprises, job seekers encounter many "twists and turns" in the process of applying. 22-year-old Chen graduated from Henan Polytechnic University and came to Shenzhen to look for a job after working in Shanghai for one year. It stands to reason that he should easily find the ideal job with work experience and education, but he still experienced a "tossing trip".
He sat in front of the LCD scrolling screen of Shenzhen human resources field, reading the recruitment information at the same time. After a while, his eyes were a little blurred, so he had to take off his glasses and close his eyes for a while, then put them on and continue to look. There are many recruitment companies on the scrolling screen, but few of them are his favorite.
"Most of them are positions such as promotion, security, sales staff, and it is stated that they must work." From Zhengzhou to Shanghai, they came to Shenzhen and began to look for jobs on the fifth day of the Lunar New Year. At first, I searched online or in other ways. After being cheated, I began to run all the fields of talents and human resources. He pointed to the constantly updated job search information prompt on the LCD scrolling screen and told the reporter, "Look, all places with such things are regular", and "After July 1, the minimum wage in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was adjusted to RMB" and other information.
Previously, he applied for a job. In addition to providing accommodation, Yuan's monthly salary made him very tempted, and he took his luggage to report for work that day. When he entered the dormitory, he saw that his berth was the upper berth and asked, can I change to the lower berth? What I heard was this answer: "You can change it after the people in the lower berth leave in a few days."
Chandy, who was drumming in his heart, left in three days. On the eighth day of Lunar New Year, I attended the first job fair of "Spring Breeze Action" in the Year of the Ox held by Shenzhen Labor and Social Security Bureau. "There are two companies with preliminary intentions, one is employees and the other is fitness. Now I will go to which one can let me go to work first, find a job first, solve the survival problem and then talk about the rest. " He said that the life of wandering for one night after coming to Shenzhen made him feel that he should find a job as soon as possible. "Now my requirements are not high, as long as the salary can rise to RMB, it is best to solve the accommodation."
Luo Fei, a young man from Sichuan, used to work in the financial industry and wanted to find a job in the securities industry in Shenzhen. After he came, he found that due to the financial crisis, fewer and fewer companies were recruited in the securities industry, most of which were similar to operator positions, so he had to shift his attention from the securities industry. So, he set himself a goal: to win interviews with at least two recruiting units every day. As a result, he runs around every district in Shenzhen every day. Once he went from Luohu to Zhenhua Road in Futian, and actually changed buses three times.
Labor shortage? Employment boom?
"To tell the truth, now we have no bottom in our hearts. We are afraid that no one will come, but we are afraid that people will not find jobs. This is mainly because it is difficult to grasp whether it is a' labor shortage' or a' labor tide'. " On February 4th, an official of Shenzhen Labor and Social Security Bureau told China Youth Daily reporter. According to the practice of previous years, there will be two peaks when migrant workers return to work after the holiday, one from the sixth day to the twelfth day of the first month, and the other two or three days after the Lantern Festival.
Now, even in the central city of Shenzhen Guannei, recruitment banners printed in front of restaurants or hotels can be seen everywhere. Wang Zhanhui, manager of Tianan Property Management, told China Youth Daily that a few years ago, when they lacked low-end jobs like handyman, they often couldn't find anyone, even if their salary was raised. This year, they are looking for more. As soon as they hung up, someone applied.
In Luohu District, some high-end leisure and entertainment centers are empty. At night, the number of taxi drivers soliciting customers in front of the door is obviously reduced. A high-end bowling alley named after "Xiongniu" once laid off 27 people because of its poor efficiency, and later it ended up closed down.
On February 2nd, the recruiter of Shenzhen Peng Ji Property Management Co., Ltd. rushed to the recruitment site of "Spring Breeze Action" in the Labor and Employment Service Building early in the morning, hoping to recruit 20 community order maintainers. "We only recruited three people in the morning, mainly because there were not many applicants." The staff member said that they have been recruiting these days, but they have not been fully recruited. Lv Jing Property Management Co., Ltd. provides a relatively generous salary for the post of security guard, and there are many applicants. But even so, the staff in charge of recruitment still complain that it is difficult to recruit people.
The recruiter of the Art Car Barbecue House said that this time they are going to recruit 20 waiters with a monthly salary of RMB, including food and accommodation. In the case of the financial crisis, he thinks that the salary is not low, but strangely, there are still very few candidates.
"The service industry accounts for 30% more than the same period last year and provides 27% more jobs than last year. Drivers, security guards, restaurant waiters and other positions are in great demand, but although there are tens of thousands of people attending job fairs, many service companies still complain that it is difficult to recruit people. "
The relevant person in charge of Shenzhen Pengcheng Human Resource Allocation Co., Ltd., the organizer of this recruitment activity, said that the post-holiday recruitment situation this year showed that the demand of the tertiary industry increased significantly compared with the data in the fourth quarter of last year. The total industrial demand has reached a historical turning point, and industry is shifting from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry.
According to the Shenzhen Labor and Employment Department, due to the decline in market demand and the reduction in orders, the demand for employment of enterprises has been greatly reduced since the fourth quarter of last year. At present, the job gap in Shenzhen has reached about 654.38+10,000. In order to help migrant workers solve the employment problem, Shenzhen will hold a free job fair before the end of March, which is expected to provide more than 200,000 jobs, covering Shenzhen's retail trade, property management, hotel catering, finance and insurance and other industries. (Reporter Wu Liufang Xinzhong)
The "commander of migrant workers" asked for help for the first time
On the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, the first working day after the Spring Festival, before 10 in the morning, the gate of Quanshun, located in Dacaopu, Pinghu Street, Shenzhen, was already crowded with migrant workers returning to work after the holiday, most of whom were young girls. Judging from the bags of luggage piled on the ground, many people went straight here as soon as they got off the bus. In the narrow alley in front of the door, a banner "Welcome new and old employees to go home" is particularly eye-catching.
Zhang Junying of Houzhanglou Village, Gudui Township, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, and several fellow villagers gnawed a cane and wandered among the people. Zhang Junying, who has four years of work experience, looks more mature than her fellow villagers. Although it is unclear what the financial turmoil is all about, she has a hunch that this year's job is not easy to find. Before the Spring Festival, an electronics factory in Shilong, Dongguan, where she worked, had an early holiday because of insufficient orders. "Come early after the Chinese New Year, maybe I can have a better position." Because of this, on the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, when the whole country was full of flavor, she boarded the train going south.
This morning, Zhang Quanshou, the boss of Transit, kept "selling" his employees. "Boss, when will your factory start? My staff has arrived. All girls, rich in experience. They worked for you last year and can be employed at any time. " Zhang's Mandarin has a strong Henan accent.
For Zhang Quanshou, commander of migrant workers, this Spring Festival is the most anxious one after he became commander. Since the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, two or three hundred employees from Henan and Anhui have returned to the city every day.
Zhang Quanshou, a migrant worker, once set up a famous "transit mode": migrant workers who went to work in cities were organized, and all factories that needed people were "packaged" and transferred to another factory. When the factory was completed, it was withdrawn and transferred to another factory. Even if there is no job, workers can eat and live in his factory for free and get subsidies from 40 yuan every day. In the era of shortage of migrant workers, Zhang Quanshou's business is getting better year by year, and there are 17800 employees at the peak. In addition to Shenzhen and Dongguan in the Pearl River Delta, Qingyuan and Shaoguan in northern Guangdong, and even Fuzhou and Xiamen, he is known as the "commander of migrant workers". As a representative of migrant workers, he was elected to the National People's Congress in 1997.
As a labor force export link in economic factors, Zhang Quanshou undoubtedly felt the chill of the financial tsunami at the earliest. Most of the transit customers are export-oriented processing enterprises such as furniture, toys and textiles. Since 5438+00 in June last year, some cooperative enterprises had to send migrant workers back to transit because of the sharp drop in orders. Zhang had no better way but to send them back to their hometown and take an early holiday to go home for the New Year.
As more and more migrant workers go home on holiday, his team is shrinking, from 18000 to 13000 and 10000, so that some media say that he is now a military commander and a brigade commander. Although Zhang Quanshou disagrees with this statement, the pressure he is under is real.
In fact, as a human resources enterprise, the real transit pressure is that after the Spring Festival, employees begin to concentrate on returning to work in cities. "In the week after the festival in previous years, I can send at least 10000 people here, and this year is a person. Because of the shortage of orders, enterprises that needed important personnel last year only needed personnel this year, and some enterprises also delayed the start date, which forced Zhang Quanshou to take "unconventional" measures.
"Let girls who arrange jobs come first, boys and older ones sign up first, and stay at home until things get better." Transit, once a reservoir for migrant workers, had to close the gate to limit the inflow of people. "If it weren't for control, there might be more than five or six hundred employees coming back every day. It is expected that more employees will come back after the fifteenth day of the first month. Due to the lack of job opportunities, Transit has now recruited some employees. Plus food, accommodation and wage subsidies, it costs 50 thousand to 60 thousand a day
Compared with the pressure of employee inflow, what makes Zhang Quanshou more anxious is the export of employees. According to Zhang, before 2008, Transit was very successful, and all employers came to ask for it. This year, the situation is completely opposite. The square field became a square field, and Zhongtian began to ask for help for the first time. Although Zhang Quanshou's tone is relaxed and bold when talking to his employer, his inner anxiety is still easy to be felt.
"As a company, we are under great pressure now. We have thought of all the ways we can think of and can only wait for the economic situation to improve. " Zhang Quanshou said. But he admits that he doesn't know when things will get better.
Fortunately, Transit has some stable partners in the development of 1978. These enterprises get help from public transportation when they need it. Now Transit is in trouble, and they have promised to do their best to help. This made Zhang Quanshou feel a little relieved. After all, when it comes to financial storm warning, everyone can hold a group for the winter. (Reporter Wu Xinzhong)
Coastal enterprises moved to the doorstep of migrant workers for employment.
Several migrant workers from Huaxian County who used to work in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, but now want to find a job in Henan Province jokingly said, "If the boss and the factory in Dongguan are willing to come to Huaxian County with us, then we will be close to home and even willing to take less wages. I went out to work and felt very fresh in the first few years. After a long time, I still feel a little uncomfortable. In fact, many cities in Henan are developing very well now, and everyone is reluctant to leave home to go out to work. "
"Let Dongguan bosses and factories bring returning migrant workers to Huaxian County", and several jokes made by several migrant workers are gradually and unexpectedly becoming a reality.
Affected by the financial turmoil, export-oriented labor-intensive enterprises in coastal areas are facing severe survival pressure. In order to reduce production costs, expand the domestic market and resist the impact of sluggish international market demand, many enterprises plan to move inward as a whole. The central provinces are the regions with the richest labor resources.
In the financial turmoil, how to attract the Southeast Phoenix and solve the problem of rural labor surplus has become a very important issue in many places in central China.
65438 10/7, 9 Guangdong garment processing enterprises officially settled in Anyang garment processing park, hua county, and * * * transferred 35 production lines, providing nearly 20 jobs. In the second half of the twelfth lunar month, nine Guangdong garment enterprises settled in Huaxian County formally recruited workers. Although it is the twelfth lunar month in winter, the convenience service hall of Huaxian New District Management Committee is still overcrowded for several days. Many people came to the scene to register, and skilled workers became the competitors of nine enterprises.
"I have been working in my clothing factory for more than two years. I went home at 5438+ 10 last year because the factory was depressed. Seeing that Huaxian Garment Processing Park is recruiting, the guaranteed salary is yuan, plus the commission, it is estimated that you can get about yuan, and you can work at home and enjoy various welfare benefits, so you will sign up. " Guo Mingxue, a young woman from lizhuang village, hua county, said happily.
In Houhe Town, Weihui, five kilometers along the new (township) Pu (Yang) highway is a newly-built industrial park in Houhe Town. More than 65,438+00 small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in machinery, equipment and garment processing have completed the initial construction, posted recruitment notices at the factory gate, and are making recruitment and production preparations.
At the recruitment site of a clothing factory, Tian of Houhe Town told the reporter: "Although the salary of the factory in the town is lower than that in the south, it is close to home and can go home every day, saving the cost of renting meals outside. In fact, it is quite cost-effective. "
After graduating from Xinxiang No.2 Technical School in 2006, Tian has been working in a garment factory in Kunshan, Jiangsu. Due to the constant orders in the factory and the pressure of production in previous years, Tian has worked overtime for the Spring Festival for two consecutive years and has not gone home for the New Year. In, just arrived in the twelfth lunar month, Tian returned to his hometown in Weihui, Henan. Because the factory "has too few orders and doesn't need too many people", Tian was told to wait for the work notice at home.
"The first two Spring Festivals were unhappy because I wanted to go home but I couldn't. This Spring Festival is not happy because I was asked to go home. " Tian said in succession.
On the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, Tian also decided to work in a garment processing factory in Houhe Town. Like her, she once worked in the south. It is not difficult for skilled returnees to find a similar job in the local area.
Weihui Hengfeng Garment Processing Co., Ltd., who has worked in many fields, has received 20 or 30 people who have worked in southern garment processing enterprises this year. Tian Cuihong, the head of Hengfeng Garment Processing Co., Ltd. told the reporter, "We open our doors to young people who have worked in the southern garment processing factory. Most of them are highly efficient. Because they are skilled, they not only consume less machines, but also work more. "
In fact, a few years ago, Tian Cuihong was also a working girl in the south. Two years ago, she returned to her hometown of Hengfeng in the town from Dongguan. Because of her skilled skills, she was quickly promoted to the supervisor on duty. Last year, she was appointed as the head of a production base in Hengfeng. Most of the more than 30 young girls who work under her have similar experiences in the south.
She said: "Going out to work is not a long-term solution. It is not safe for girls to work outside, and they want to have a care at home. Working away from home may be more suitable for us rural girls. "
Zhang Baoying, chairman of Jiuding Desheng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. said that at present, the return of migrant workers to their hometowns is also a good thing for the development of township enterprises. Most of these returning farmers are mature industrial workers, who can take up their posts without a lot of training, and they have seen the world and started their own businesses, which will also promote the development of rural economy. (intern field)
Labor department: confident to do a good job in the employment of migrant workers
On February 2nd, Shenzhen Labor and Social Security Bureau was busy. Personnel from the human resources department of Konka Group came to the Labor Relations Office early in the morning to inquire about the filing of special working hours of employees in this enterprise, but they were repeatedly interrupted by telephone calls asking about layoffs.
"This time, so much." Zhang Xiuzhi, deputy director of the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Labor and Social Security, said that since the second half of last year, the number of enterprises laying off employees in Shenzhen has increased, and most of them have voluntarily applied for approval. Open a list that is not too long. The names of enterprises in electronics, logistics, entertainment and other industries are among them, and electronic enterprises are the most. The reasons given by these enterprises for layoffs are exactly the same: serious difficulties in production and operation and major changes in economic conditions. Some simply write two words: close the door.
Shenzhen Xinfeitong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. has a large number of employees and its own workshop of more than square meters. Its products are mainly photoelectric devices and photoelectric communication systems. It is the largest supplier of optoelectronic devices integrating independent research and development in China.
Even such enterprises can't avoid the shrinkage caused by the financial turmoil. Because most of the export products are sold to international customers, the dependence is very high, which leads to a continuous depression, serious accounts receivable and inventory occupation of funds, high debt ratio and great debt repayment pressure. At the end of last year, 63 employees were laid off to ensure normal production and operation.
"In such a change, the role to be assumed is to provide more public services: including real-time monitoring at both ends of the labor field; Timely release employment information to the majority of job seekers; Actively organize free job introduction services; Multi-channel vocational skills training and so on. Do everything possible to reduce employment costs and create a good employment environment. " Facing the new situation, Zhong Zhihong, director of the Office of the Leading Group for Migrant Workers' Work of Shenzhen Labor and Social Security Bureau, is very confident.
"In fact, the employment environment foundation in Shenzhen in recent years is still relatively solid. Judging from the existing labor laws and regulations and social insurance system, policies, systems, mechanisms and social environment are relatively mature, and their ability to resist risks is relatively strong. "
According to him, Shenzhen has a high level of industrial structure, which is attractive to the employment of the new generation of migrant workers. At present, the migrant workers in Shenzhen are mainly the second generation of migrant workers after 1980s.
In fact, as early as years ago, according to the situation monitored by the bureau, there was an inflection point in the labor market in the fourth quarter of last year, and the relationship between supply and demand changed subtly. In recent years, for the first time, the number of people entering the market for job hunting has exceeded the number of jobs.
"As the holiday draws to a close, more and more enterprises will start to work. In addition, the number of migrant workers returning to Shenzhen is roughly the same as that of the same period last year, with a slight decrease. It is expected that after the Lantern Festival and before the end of March, it will be another peak for migrant workers to return to Shenzhen. " He said.
The bureau mobilized all levels and types of forces in the whole labor system to conduct investigation and comparison, comprehensively find out and collect information on employment positions of enterprises, and also allocated special funds to enterprises to promote employment, so as to drive enterprises to strengthen employee skills training in the form of subsidies.
"To tell the truth, the shortage of migrant workers in Shenzhen has been going on for many years. After several years of exploration, there are relatively mature methods to help enterprises cope with this situation. Now the situation is undergoing subtle changes. Although it is impossible to judge whether it is' shortage' or' tide' from the current situation, it requires us to actively respond and solve it. "
Before the Spring Festival, Shenzhen Municipal Labor and Social Security Bureau conducted an investigation on migrant workers' return to work after the holiday. In view of the post-holiday demand for human resources allocation, the number of job seekers, the number of enterprises recruited, the number of job fairs held and other important data, Spring Festival travel rush Jiji.com began to pay close attention to the employment situation of the labor force and reported it every three days.
The bureau has also established close contact with labor service stations in Shenzhen, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other labor export provinces, with division of responsibilities, responsibility to people, regular summary, and timely grasp the first-hand information of migrant workers returning home.
"At present, the state and the province attach great importance to the employment of migrant workers, especially in Shenzhen, and have adopted a series of policies to support enterprises and stabilize employment. Just a few days ago, they just passed a plan to reduce the social insurance premium paid by enterprises, which can save enterprises more than 2 billion yuan a year. With our attention and the support of the whole society, our labor department is confident to do this work well. "