Every type of mall lighting system should be helpful in accomplishing a certain function. It should guide customers into the mall, attract customers' attention to the goods, should be able to create a comfortable shopping environment, stimulate customers' desire to buy. It should satisfy the safety needs of customers and service personnel as they walk in and out of the store. However, all of these functions, one of the most important function should be: through the creation of a suitable lighting environment, in as attractive a way as possible to show the goods

Lighting system

Architects, store owners, interior designers should be in their design process as early as possible to consider the issue of lighting. Because lighting is an integral part of interior decoration, it should not be considered separately. For example, there are two trends in lighting: one is to hide the lamps as much as possible to create a quiet interior atmosphere. The other is to use some non-hidden decorative light fixtures.

Lighting systems can be broadly divided into four separate elements:

General lighting

Accent lighting

Architectural lighting

Effect lighting effect lighting

It is the four elements of reasonable collocation and balance, thus producing a good effect and atmosphere

General lighting:

Theoretically, the so-called general lighting (general lighting) is the use of a certain form of lamps and lanterns to make the entire shopping mall space filled with uniform light.

In the past, the use of high illuminance diffuse reflective general lighting is very common. But the diffuse reflective general lighting effect is often more serious than lively and elegant enough, and this is sometimes not what we want. More importantly: most of the diffused light does not reach where it should as we expect. That is, to illuminate the goods being displayed. That's why lighting this way costs more to run.

Today, general lighting is often used only to provide basic lighting when people need it for safety and orientation. So it is usually combined with other lighting systems. The current trend is to utilize dynamically changing daylight as part of the lighting system. This lighting control system makes use of the great flexibility of artificial light and daylight tightly integrated lighting will be particularly important in the future.

Accent lighting:

There are two types of accent lighting: display lighting, which includes lighting of individual objects; and merchandise lighting.

Display lighting:

Display lighting, usually with round, narrow/wide beam spotlights. Its purpose is to make the illuminated object stand out compared to its background. Therefore, display lighting tends to emphasize the form, structure, texture, and color of an object. Display lighting is used to reinforce the relationship between shoppers and merchandise. It attracts customers by presenting merchandise in a sophisticated manner. The use of display lighting is becoming increasingly popular, even in supermarkets and convenience stores. The trend is to utilize lighting elements (a combination of different types of spotlighting.

Merchandise lighting:

Merchandise displayed on the shelves is illuminated by wide-beam spotlights or adjustable-angle point-source downlights. Asymmetric light distribution systems are also commonly used for shelf lighting.

There is a growing trend to incorporate spotlights or downlights into strip systems. Spotlights are installed closer to the shelves so that a degree of uniform illumination can be obtained. The use of spotlights creates shadows as well as sparkle on the merchandise. Light strips produce effective functional lighting.

rchitectural lighting:

It is reassuring to know that store designers nowadays are selective about the lighting of architectural elements and features, with the aim of creating an ideal light environment and sense of space. For example, a bright roof will make the space appear taller. Bright walls make the surrounding area appear more spacious. These large wall areas often need to be illuminated even if there are no shelves around them.

Effect lighting:

Unlike accent lighting, some places want to create special lighting effects to attract customers. Instead of directly illuminating the merchandise, this is called effect lighting.

In the past, effect lighting was only used in boutiques. Nowadays, effect lighting is widely used. For example, a common technique is to install spotlights with very narrow beams on the ceiling to create patterns of light on the floor. Another technique is the use of gobo for wall projections (pictures, logos, advertising material). Techniques such as fiber optics are also used to create striking lighting effects.

Controlling the light:

In each of these cases, light control will play an increasingly important role in the future. Theoretically, there are four lighting parameters that can be controlled: illumination level, light color, beam direction, and beam angle width. Light controls fulfill four needs of mall owners: flexibility; different operating modes; dynamic changes/special lighting effects; and energy savings.

Flexibility:

This refers to the ability to increase the level of illumination for a set period of time and space in order to achieve a lighting effect that can be changed accordingly to the layout of the room, but without changing the electrical installation.

Different operating modes:

Includes adapting the illumination level to the different functional areas in the mall (e.g., sales areas, surrounding spaces, store windows, exterior facades) to meet the actual needs. Different illuminance gradients can be realized in different switching ways, by controlling them with timers. The timer is set to correspond to different time periods: before business, during business, before closing, filling shelves, evening, night lighting (security, evacuation instructions, emergency lighting).

Dynamic changes/special lighting effects:

Traditional effect lighting attracts customers by providing special effects, dynamic effect lighting adds a new element: dynamics. It is well known that controlled dynamic lighting <e.g. flashing light or changing patterns of light> is sure to attract attention and produce interesting effects.

Energy saving:

Maximum energy-efficient lighting design should use the least amount of power for the shortest amount of time. This also dictates the use of the most efficient light sources. Of course, when considering a lighting control system (e.g., combining artificial light with daylight or automatically turning off some/all fixtures when the room is unoccupied), the appropriate controllable light source should be selected.

Today's store owners have increasingly recognized the importance of using lighting to attract customers and increase revenue. Store owners, along with architects, interior designers, window designers, and lighting designers, are looking for a way to express themselves, create a mood, and provide an ambience that will appeal to a particular consumer group.

Hotels:

Overview hotels are usually divided into business-type hotels and tourist resort type, business-type hotels are usually located in economically developed cities, receiving business travel guests, highlighting the functions of the office, meetings, business banquets. Tourist resort hotels are usually located in tourist attractions, highlighting the vacation and leisure functions. But this distinction is relative, their functions are often cross each other. In addition, from the point of view of architectural features, the hotel interior and exterior based on the function of the various types of space divided, is also largely the same. Therefore, from the point of view of hotel lighting design, their **** is basically the same. Hotel lighting refers to the lighting of the reception facilities in general. As the main operating activities of hotels and hotels at night, the role of its lighting system is extremely important. Design principles of lighting is an organic part of the hotel style, the appearance of lamps and lanterns and architectural space coordination, and the unity of the decorative style is the first thing to consider. The shape, material, color and so on of the lamps and lanterns originates from the style of the space, and at the same time also influences the style of the space. Unique lamps and lanterns often become the characterization of interior space. Light color as air permeates the space, infiltrating people's skin and mind, catalyzing a variety of emotions. Hotels and restaurants need to emphasize their own temperament and create their own atmosphere. Especially in the dining space, light color even affects people's good and bad dishes. To generally use warm white light source, color temperature of about 3000K. The basis for this is: no matter what type of hotels and restaurants, to create a cordial, warm and friendly atmosphere, should be their **** the same claim, and the color temperature of 3000K light source provides a lighting environment that can strengthen this feature of the hotel. (1) Based on the study of temperature perception and spatial perception of color by human vision, the color partial to orange-yellow color and the color partial to blue-violet color, when compared at the same time, the orange-yellow color makes people feel warm and close to us; based on the memory, the result is the same in the successive comparisons of the above colors. (2) This perception, in terms of the depth of arousal at the psychological level, is closely linked to some psychological evaluations and emotional activities such as cordiality, warmth, and friendliness. (3) Based on engineering practice, whenever a hotel lighting project, can be in the absence of interference in all aspects of the situation, the thorough implementation of this principle, its effect is very good. In hotels and restaurants people need their own private space, and glare is like a glaring eye, making people uncomfortable. Dining or entertainment time, glare will make people can not keep the mood, eager to walk away, so that the welcome lady lovely smile down the drain. Hotel and restaurant facilities of various illumination standards vary, but are more focused on the surface of the room brightness indicators. Hotel and restaurant space division is more complex, in such an environment people expect to have a clearer perception of his surrounding space, to get a stronger sense of security, sense of reality. This is the opposite of the actors on stage. Hotel and restaurant social places are people show their beautiful side of the place, on the other hand, the operator also tends to show some unique objects to show their own style characteristics. This requires lighting design should also consider the lighting modeling capabilities, trying to put the facility itself and the people in the performance of a more beautiful. Hotels and restaurants are personalized spaces where each person wants a small independent environment. Flexible control of lighting becomes more important, this point and public **** lighting in sharp contrast. As for the hotel and restaurant in the business, film and television and other facilities, it is necessary to refer to the corresponding lighting classification specification to design and implementation. Sub-functional areas of the lighting design 1. Lobby space lobby space mainly has three parts of the lighting area, they are the entrance and vestibule area of the lighting, the lighting of the service desk and the lighting of the guest rest area. From the lobby as a continuous space as a whole, and from the point of view of the analysis of the lighting method, in fact, the entrance and the vestibule part should be the lobby of the general lighting or global lighting, service desk lighting and guest lounge area lighting is local lighting. These lighting should maintain the consistency of color temperature, the three regions of the lighting through the brightness contrast, so that the hotel lobby of this non-affectionate scale space, the formation of interesting, continuous and undulating dark and light transition, from the whole to create a friendly atmosphere. (1) Entrance and lobby illumination requirements: 1m from the ground on the horizontal plane, the design of the illumination should reach 500Lux. color temperature requirements: 3000K or so. Color temperature is too low, the sense of space appears small; color temperature is too high, the space lacks a sense of cordiality, and noisy, directly reducing the guest's feeling of comfort. Color rendering requirements: Ra>85. Higher color rendering, can clearly show the receptionist and guests of the skin color and a variety of expressions, leaving a deep impression of satisfaction to the guests. About light distribution: If the height exceeds 6m, point light source with narrow beam illuminator is used in the ceiling to provide continuous and uniform brightness. Since the luminous point is not in the range of human vision, the luminaire can be open type. Assuming that the distance from the ceiling to the ground is 6m, then the center light intensity of its light distribution curve should be no less than 500cd at 1m from the ground; if the picking height is not more than 6m, you can consider the use of a band or surface light-emitting ceiling to deal with. Shape with light and shadow contrast: Drawing on the experience of European and American hotel lighting design, we can consider later, in the entrance and vestibule area designed for different angles of the floodlights, if the direction of the guests to come in the hotel door for the vertical axis, then you can design the lateral light on the ends of the horizontal axis, in the roof into an angle of the entrance area, which helps the hotel receptionist, baggage handlers and the guests of the shape of the expression of the formation of three-dimensional sense. Such hotel lighting should be very advanced. (2) service desk illumination requirements: generally take 750-1000Lux higher brightness, highlighting the importance of the general service desk, the guest's line of sight quickly led here, in addition, it is also easy for the receptionist to register and settlement of the work of rapid processing. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K, consistent with the entrance vestibule, to further strengthen the intimate atmosphere. Color rendering requirements: Ra>85. On the one hand, because the guests and receptionists in the service desk close contact, the need for healthy skin color; On the other hand, the need to clearly identify the various documents required. (3) guest rest area illumination requirements: generally take 300-500Lux. illumination is too high, people's behavior will be unsettled; illumination is too low, people's behavior and too lazy. Color temperature requirements: 3000K or so. Color rendering requirements: Ra>85. 2. restaurant space restaurant space is an important lighting area of the hotel. General hotel usually has a Chinese restaurant and Western-style restaurant, these two types of restaurants, due to the function, the use of the differences, so in the lighting design should be treated separately. (1) Chinese restaurant: often used in business or other aspects of the formal banquet, so the overall atmosphere of the lighting should be formal, friendly, it's general lighting illumination, compared to the Western-style restaurant, to be much higher, the illumination should be uniform, less contrast in brightness brought about by the fluctuations in mood. Point light sources, strip light sources or various types of lanterns can meet the requirements of good lighting. In order to make the quality and tone of the dishes can be revealed vividly and beautifully to arouse the appetite. Dining table tabletop lighting is the focus, it is best to use high color rendering light source in the dining table set above the focus of the lighting, if you can not provide focus on each table above the lighting, then the restaurant's general lighting illuminance value should be designed on the high side. In addition, to give high attention to the light distribution, so that the lighting is rich in three-dimensional sense. In the restaurant lighting design practice, we use wall lamps or a number of floodlights to correct the general lighting of the plane, and strengthen the lighting on the human form, especially facial expressions and contours of the reproduction. Illumination requirements: general illumination of the illumination to take 200Lux, focusing on lighting to take 300Lux, as a supplement to the side light can be used to light the beam of light to reach the object of illumination, the center of the light intensity of about 150cd. Color temperature requirements: 3000K or so, and requires light color unity and coordination. Color rendering requirements: Ra>90. (2) Western-style restaurant: Western-style restaurant is often used in informal business dinners, or dining relationships are more familiar and close dining places, so it should be the overall atmosphere of the lighting is warm and moody, and it's the value of the general illumination of the illuminance, than the Chinese restaurant is much lower. In addition, because of the informal dining, so it can not require the human face and expression of the lighting, but the table desktop focus of the lighting should still make the dishes vivid and bright, and to make it easy for diners to take, so it is very important to the color rendering. Illumination requirements: general lighting illumination take 50-100Lux, key lighting take 100-150Lux, if there is a side light, you can use the beam of light to reach the lighting object, the center of the light intensity of about 50cd. Color temperature requirements: 3000K or so, and requires light color unity and coordination. Color rendering requirements: Ra>90. 3. Guest room space hotel rooms should be like home, serenity, ease and cordiality is the typical tone. [Page] (1) illumination requirements: general lighting take 50-100Lux, guest room illumination is lower to reflect the quiet, rest and even lazy. But the local lighting, such as the lighting in front of the dresser mirror, bedside reading lighting should provide sufficient illumination, these areas can take the illumination value of 300Lux. The most neglected is the desk writing lighting, there are few hotels provide writing desk lamp (usually with decorative desk lamp instead) to guests, which is very humane lighting considerations. (2) Color temperature requirements: 3000K or so. In the bedroom with a light source below 3500K, in the restroom with a light source above 3500K. In the bedroom needs warm color, in the restroom needs high color temperature, in order to show clean and crisp. (3) color rendering requirements: Ra>90. better color rendering, can make the guests increase confidence, feel comfortable and good. Office: 1. Office lighting features and requirements: Office is the office staff engaged in various forms of operations, including thinking, writing, visual and verbal communication, office lighting should be able to ensure that workers efficiently carry out the above activities. Office office time is almost always in the daytime, so the design of the lighting should take into account the factors of natural light, artificial lighting should be combined with natural lighting design and the formation of a comfortable lighting environment. Office lighting should try to use the light source embedded lamps and lanterns, to avoid the office eyes can see the light source, to create a comfortable office environment. Also try to use floodlighting, less local lighting, so that the office environment makes the staff more efficient office. And in the office room with computer terminal equipment, should be avoided on the screen and what things (such as lamps, furniture, windows, etc.) of the reflection. Office lighting should be used for soft light fluorescent lamps. 2. office lighting design: office lighting design should be different according to different office space, office space is often divided into the reception area, open office, private office, meeting rooms, office corridors, office breaks. 1) reception area: reception area is the first place where customers contact the company, reception area of the wall The reception area wall generally have the company's name and corporate logo, for these can use spotlights focus on lighting; in addition to improve the service desk (front desk) on the illumination, from the beginning of the visitor's attention to the front desk. Consideration should be given to increasing the vertical illuminance of the main wall and the faces of pedestrians, to clearly see the expressions of people. Recommended lamps and lanterns: downlights, ceiling lamps, brackets, low-voltage spotlights Recommended light source: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, lamp cups Recommended illumination: 300 ~ 500Lx Color rendering: >80 Color temperature: 3000 ~ 5000K2) Open Office:

Open Office, also known as the integrated office area, is for a large number of office personnel to deal with day-to-day affairs, where due to centralized office, so the Communication is more convenient. Office space is more extensive, so the light requirements are more uniform and no glare; the lights used here are more, and therefore its energy-saving lamps, size and longevity and other characteristics have greater requirements. Fluorescent lamps are more in line with the requirements here, and has good color rendering, can provide neutral white light color table and become a popular choice for office lighting. Also choose lamps with grilles. Such lamps have a high light output rate, with a wide distribution of light intensity, can reduce in order to achieve a high degree of uniformity of the increased lighting, and its good glare control performance.

Recommended lamps and lanterns: grille light pan

Recommended light source: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps

Recommended illuminance: 500Lx

Color rendering: >80

Color temperature: >5000K

3) Private office:

Private offices are generally middle and senior management personnel Specialized office single room, with a certain degree of privacy, due to the office alone, so the staff attention, work focus. This time the lighting design should consider the local lighting. Here the basic lighting is generally used straight tube fluorescent lamps, can accurately achieve the required color rendering requirements. The fixtures use low-glare specular reflectors. Pictures, vases and other interior decorations are illuminated with low-voltage halogen floodlights (spotlights). Luminaires suspended or recessed in the ceiling above the desk provide the required work surface (desk top) illumination, and table lamps that match the interior style can also serve this purpose. Many private offices have desks for small discussions or for entertaining guests, and floodlight fixtures using energy-efficient lamps can meet the lighting requirements for this area. Many larger private offices generally have backwall lighting.

Recommended lamps and lanterns: grille light panels, brackets, low-voltage spotlights, downlights

Recommended light source: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps

Recommended illuminance: 500Lx

Color rendering: >80

Color temperature: 4,000K~6,500K

4) Conference room:

Conference rooms for Activities include lectures, example presentations, multimedia presentations and meetings with attendees for reading, writing, browsing information and discussion. The basic lighting system must be professionally designed to meet recommended illuminance requirements. Since meeting room venues require a higher quality and quantity of fixtures, the basic lighting can be straight tube fluorescent lamps (with color rendering to meet their requirements as well). Lamps should be low-glare and high luminous efficacy. Basic lighting can also be realized by back wall light. The lighting of small meeting rooms can be realized by using lamps with energy-saving lamps. Low-voltage spotlights will provide supplemental lighting for lectures, audio-visual presentations, etc. When white presentation boards are used in conference rooms, special lighting with vertical illumination must be provided.

Recommended fixtures: brackets, low-voltage spotlights, grille spotlights, ceiling lights, grille light panels, downlights

Recommended light source: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps, lamp cups

Recommended illuminance: 500Lx

Color rendering: >80

Color temperature: 4,000K~6,500K

5) Office Corridor:

Office corridor is a walking channel for communication between departments or upper and lower levels. Office corridor lighting popular lighting is the use of fluorescent lighting. Both straight tube fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps can be ideal for corridor lighting applications. Corridors, as they do not have any visual requirements, can be routinely illuminated between 200 and 500 lux depending on the lighting level of the office.

Recommended lamps and lanterns: grille light panels, downlights

Recommended light source: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps

Recommended illuminance: 200 to 500 Lx

Color rendering: >60

Color temperature: >5000K

6) Office rest area

Office rest area is a place where staff members make a state of mind after being tired from work. Staff tired of work after the state of adjustment of the place, here are generally drinking water (coffee) bar, reading area and smoking area, the rest of the function determines the lighting effect of its needs. Here generally need warm light, creating a warm and moody atmosphere. Here you can use compact fluorescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps as the basic lighting, spotlights as local lighting to increase the mood.

Recommended lamps and lanterns: ceiling lamps, downlights, low-voltage spotlights

Recommended light source: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, lamp cups, energy-saving lamps

Recommended illuminance: 200~500Lx

Color rendering: >60

Color temperature: about 4000K