basically, there are three main treatment methods (I majored in environmental science)

1. Landfill treatment

Landfill is an effective method to consume a large amount of municipal solid waste, and it is also the final treatment method of all waste treatment process residues. At present, the direct landfill method is widely used in China.

The so-called direct landfill method is to fill the garbage into the prepared pit, cover it and compact it, so that it will undergo biological, physical and chemical changes, decompose organic matter, and achieve the purpose of reduction and harmlessness.

In Tianjin, garbage dumps are used on the south side of the water park to create an artificial environment and turn harm into benefit. The project covers an area of nearly 811,111 square meters. The garbage and engineering waste soil are matched at a ratio of 1:1 as the soil source for piling up mountains, and necessary measures have been taken for leachate, biogas generated by fermentation and the stability of slopes.

Kansas City, USA is a small city with a small population, and the city is surrounded by vast countryside. In order to prevent secondary pollution, the following measures are taken:

(1) Anti-seepage layer is laid at the bottom and around;

(2) Laying by layers, that is, stacking a layer of garbage, and then covering it with soil for compaction. According to the introduction, some garbage stacking layers are also equipped with gas and water pipes, and the generated biogas is utilized.

jiangdong district, Tokyo, Japan has a land with dense forests and lush flowers and plants, which is called "Neverland". Neverland is all made of garbage.

However, most of the garbage in many cities in China is still piled up in the open air without any protective measures. Every garbage dump has become a pollution source. Mosquitoes and flies are rampant, rats are infested, and the stench is everywhere. A large amount of garbage and sewage seeps into the ground from the surface, causing serious pollution to the urban environment and underground water sources. In Shenyang, 11 of 35 landfills were drilled and sampled, and the fault samples of garbage and groundwater quality were analyzed. The analysis results showed that:

1. The groundwater quality deteriorated, the pollution was serious, the water was turbid and smelly, and anaerobic Escherichia coli was detected in the water;

2. Toxic and harmful substances were detected in the fault samples of garbage. Every day in Shanghai, 11,111 tons of garbage are transported to the suburbs and piled up at the seaside. A mountain of garbage rising up to 21 or 31 meters has caused serious pollution to the surrounding environment.

Landfill is one of the most common garbage disposal methods, which is characterized by low disposal cost and simple method, but it is easy to cause secondary pollution of groundwater resources. With the increase of urban garbage, there are fewer and fewer suitable landfill sites near the city, and the opening of long-distance landfill sites has greatly increased the cost of garbage discharge, which is even unbearable.

2. Incineration treatment

Incineration is a method of placing garbage in a high-temperature furnace to fully oxidize combustible components in it, and the generated heat is used for power generation and heating. The garbage conversion energy system jointly developed by Westinghouse and O 'Connor has been successful. When burning garbage, the incinerator of this system can turn garbage with a humidity of 7% into dry solid for incineration, and the incineration efficiency is over 95%. At the same time, the high temperature on the surface of the incinerator can convert heat energy into steam, which can be used for heating, air conditioning equipment and steam turbine power generation. The main technical indicators of some incineration plants in the United States are listed in Table 1.

An incineration station has been built in Shijiazhuang, China, and a Japanese garbage incineration device has been introduced by Shenyang Institute of Environmental Science to treat the special garbage of hospitals and other units harmlessly. The residual ash generated in the incineration process accounts for about 5% of the weight of biological garbage before incineration, which is generally high-quality phosphate fertilizer. In recent years, China has paid more and more attention to the technology of generating renewable energy from garbage incineration.

the advantages of incineration treatment are good reduction effect (the volume of residues after incineration is reduced by more than 91%, and the weight is reduced by more than 81%), and the treatment is thorough. However, according to American reports, the construction and production costs of incineration plants are extremely expensive. In most cases, the value of electricity generated by these equipments is far lower than the expected sales, leaving huge economic losses to the local government. Because garbage contains some metals, incineration is highly toxic and causes secondary environmental hazards. Incineration requires the calorific value of garbage to be greater than 3.35MJ/kg, otherwise, combustion improver must be added, which will increase the operating cost to an unbearable level in ordinary cities.

3. Composting treatment

Domestic garbage is piled up, stored and fermented at 71℃, and organic matter is decomposed into inorganic nutrients with the help of microbial decomposition ability in garbage. After composting, domestic garbage becomes sanitary and tasteless humus. It can not only solve the way out of garbage, but also achieve the purpose of recycling. However, domestic garbage has a large amount of compost and low nutrient content, which is easy to cause soil hardening and groundwater deterioration after long-term use. Therefore, the scale of composting is not easy to be too large.

whether it is landfill, incineration or composting, there must be pretreatment. Add up to most! ! ! Please choose me, thank you.