▲ Classification△ Senior seafarers are divided into management level and operation level management level: captain, chief engineer, chief mate, engineer, political commissar (only available in China) operation level: second mate, second mate, third mate and third engineer. Ordinary seafarers are also called support level boatswain, mechanic foreman, Yishui, Ershui, mechanic, etc., and also include cooks and clerks. At present, most of the domestic coastal ships still have the post of steward, also known as the owner's representative, which should belong to the management level. The organization system on board ocean-going freighters are generally more than 11,111 tons, and the crew of the whole ship is generally 19-24. In addition to the captain and political commissar, there are 8 senior crew members, 11 ordinary crew members and 2 chefs. The crew organization system is divided into deck department and engine department. There is a clear division of posts within each department.
1. Deck department. Mainly responsible for cargo stowage, loading and unloading equipment and cargo care during navigation, hull maintenance and ship operation; The driving equipment in charge includes navigation instruments, signal equipment, navigation books and communication equipment; Responsible for the management of lifesaving, fire fighting and plugging equipment; General maintenance of main cabin, anchor, mooring line and loading and unloading equipment; Responsible for the use and treatment of cargo hold system and extravehicular fresh water, ballast water and sewage system.
2. Engine Department. Mainly responsible for the management, use and maintenance of main engine, boiler, auxiliary engine and various mechanical and electrical equipment; Be responsible for the management and maintenance of the whole ship's power system.
3. Ministry of Affairs. Mainly responsible for the catering, living service and financial work of the whole crew. Duties of personnel on board △ management level
(1) Captain: The captain is the leader of the ship, responsible for the safe transportation, production and administration of the ship, and responsible to the company manager. The main work includes leading the crew to implement national policies, laws and regulations and various instructions and regulations issued by the company; Complete transportation production and other tasks in a high-quality and comprehensive manner, ensure the safety of ships, lives and property to the maximum extent, and give full play to the normal navigation and freight transportation of ships; Strictly abide by international conventions and regional regulations and assume due international obligations; Deal with all affairs decisively and steadily in case of emergency.
(2) First mate: presiding over the daily work of the deck, assisting the captain in safety production and ship navigation, and serving as navigation duty; In charge of cargo handling, transportation and maintenance of deck department; Be responsible for formulating and organizing the implementation of various work plans of the deck department; Responsible for the preparation of cargo stowage plan and maintenance plan; Preside over safety month activities and related safety work.
(3) Chief Engineer: He is the chief technical officer of machinery, electric power and electrical equipment of the whole ship. Be fully responsible for the production and administrative management of the engine department; Check the implementation of various rules and regulations of the engine department to keep all kinds of equipment in good technical condition.
(4) Big tube wheel: under the leadership of the chief engineer, take part in the engine room duty to maintain the normal working order of the engine room; In charge of the use and maintenance of propulsion devices and additional equipment, boilers, lubrication and cooling, fuel oil, starting air, overweight power and emergency devices.
△ operation level
(1) Second mate: perform duty duties specified in navigation and berthing; Responsible for the correct use and daily maintenance of driving equipment, including navigation instruments and steering gear; Responsible for navigation books, notices, daily management and correction, as well as the login of various records.
(2) Third officer: perform the duty duties stipulated in navigation and berthing; In charge of daily management and maintenance of life-saving and fire-fighting equipment.
(3) second pipe wheel: perform duty, and be in charge of the use and maintenance of auxiliary machines and their auxiliary systems, emergency power generation system and fuel tank, barge pump, oil separator, air compressor, oil-water separation equipment and dirty oil tank.
(4) Three-tube turbine: perform duty, and be in charge of auxiliary boilers and their auxiliary systems, various pumps, deck machinery, emergency equipment and various piping systems.
(5) steward [steward]: specifically responsible for the life service of the whole ship; Go through the relevant formalities for entering and leaving Hong Kong and relevant passenger transport work.
△ support level
(1) Bosun: under the leadership of the first mate, he is specifically responsible for carpenters and sailors; Do a good job in the maintenance of anchors, cables and loading and unloading equipment; Lead sailors to paint, sail, fly, outboard, lift, steer and other ship skills.
(2) Carpenter: perform carpentry and related voyage repair and maintenance work; Responsible for the operation and maintenance of windlass; Responsible for the measurement and maintenance of fresh water tank, ballast tank and vegetable oil tank.
(3) Yishui: perform steering and navigation duty and daily maintenance of the deck department.
(4) secondary water: carry out all kinds of technological work of cable, retracting gangway and deck.
(5) Mechanic: under the leadership of the engineer, carry out the overhaul and maintenance of the engine room and mechanical equipment.
[6] Attendant (large desk): responsible for the hygiene of living places, the maintenance of daily necessities and the reception work.
(7) Chef: Responsible for the catering of the crew. Question and answer on seafarers' comprehensive knowledge 1. What is a sailor? Who are the seamen?
a: people working on seagoing vessels are collectively called seafarers. Seafarers are divided into two categories: senior seafarers and ordinary seafarers. Seafarers engaged in management work on ships are called senior seafarers, also known as cadre seafarers. Including the captain, chief engineer, first mate, second mate, third mate, big tube wheel, second tube wheel and third tube wheel. Seafarers who assist senior seafarers in specific work on ships are called ordinary seafarers, also known as workers' seafarers.
2. How are Class A, Class B and Class C seafarers classified?
A: Seafarers are usually divided into Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D according to their routes. Class A seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Class B seafarers can sail along offshore areas such as Southeast Asia and are regional seafarers; Class C seafarers can sail in coastal navigation areas; Class D seafarers can sail along the inshore navigation area.
3. What are the seafarers' certificates? What is the gold content of these certificates? Certificate of competency
Answer: Seafarer's Certificate, Crew Service Book, Certificate of Competency, Four Certificates (fire fighting, first aid at sea, lifeboat and raft operation, survival at sea), etc. Seamen should also obtain "three certificates" (radar observation radar simulator, automatic radar plotting instrument, wireless telephone communication); Class A and B seafarers also have Health Certificate, International Vaccination Certificate, passport, etc. Special seafarers should obtain corresponding professional training certificates.
4. What is the market demand of seafarers? Is employment guaranteed?
a: according to the survey report of BIMCO／ISF (international transport Federation), "there is a global shortage of senior seamen, and the world needs about 411,111 seafarers at present". The world market for senior seafarers is in short supply, and at least in the next decade, senior seafarers will be able to get 111% employment.
At present, the competition in the international shipping market is fierce, and seafarers' wages account for a large proportion in the shipping expenditure. The key reason why the shipping expenditure costs vary greatly in different countries is the disparity in seafarers' wages. At present, developed countries such as Europe and America basically no longer use their own high-paid seafarers, but turn to low-paid seafarers with cheap labor in developing countries such as China and the Philippines, so that shipping companies reduce costs and increase profits.
At present, the number of seafarers sent abroad in China is increasing by double digits every year. Moreover, with the rapid rise of China's economy, local shipping companies are constantly growing, so the demand for seafarers is particularly great. At present, the supply of graduates from shipping colleges is in short supply. The employment rate of graduates majoring in shipping is 1.111%, and the ratio of supply to demand is 1: 4.
5. Can seafarers be a profession? What are the career prospects?
a: seafarers earn more money and can travel around the world. The training and employment rate is high, the labor intensity is low, and the modern ship has a high degree of automation. Seafarers are mainly on duty on board, and drivers must stand on the eight-hour sailing class every day. Engineers and mechanics can sit on duty.
6. Is it dangerous to work on a ship? What is the working environment on board?
A: Modern ships have advanced equipment, high degree of informationization and strong ability to avoid collision and resist wind. The accident rate of international shipping ships is 1.3%. Ocean-going ships are generally more than ten meters to forty meters wide and more than one hundred meters to three hundred meters long, but due to the operation of ship machines, it is necessary to overcome the noise for 24 hours; Because the wind and waves have to overcome seasickness, some old ships have to overcome the sweltering heat in summer without air conditioning.
7. What are the living conditions on board? What insurance does the shipowner pay for seafarers?
A: Living conditions on board: Senior seafarers have bedrooms, bathrooms, bathrooms, desks, wardrobes and sofas. Ordinary seafarers have bedrooms, sanitary bathrooms, tables, wardrobes, sofas, etc. All video rooms, table tennis rooms, gyms, karaoke rooms, etc.
Seafarers' clothing, food and accommodation on board are free, and the standard of food is 12-15 RMB per day on domestic routes and 4-6 USD per day on foreign routes. The ship also distributed sheets, soap, towels, washing powder, toilet paper and other daily necessities free of charge.
Seafarers' companies generally pay endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance for seafarers; Working on a ship, the shipowner pays accident insurance for seafarers.
8. How long do seafarers work on the ship every day? How long does it take to go to sea each time?
A: Generally speaking, ordinary crew members such as sailors, machinists and cooks work 8 hours a day on board, and senior crew members are responsible for other tasks besides being on duty for 8 hours. Generally work for 8 to 11 months every year; The time of each voyage is determined according to the task and route.
9. How to arrange seafarers' holidays? How to solve the travel expenses?
A: Seafarers usually take a vacation every 8 to 11 months, with a vacation of 2 to 4 months; When disembarking for public holidays, the company is responsible for reimbursement of round-trip travel expenses. Seafarers can also choose working hours and vacation time according to their own needs.
11. What is the current salary of seafarers?
Seafarers' salary generally includes three parts: basic salary, navigation allowance and service fee. These three incomes are stable. The specific amount will be determined according to the route and position. At present, the reference salary is as follows:
Class A (Southeast Asian routes, global routes):
(It should be noted that during the vacation, some state-owned enterprises have a living allowance of several hundred yuan, while other expatriates or small companies have no salary or living allowance. )
11. How are seafarers' salaries paid?
a: shipboard wages are paid at the end of each month. If the shipping company goes bankrupt and can't pay the wages, the maritime department of the country where the ship is located can auction the ship first, and pay the crew wages first. In case of the shipowner's arrears of wages, seafarers can apply to the Maritime Safety Administration for demolition, so the shipowner's ship is likely to be detained and released after the wages are paid.
12. What is the labor intensity of seafarers?
a: during the voyage, the crew on board take turns in three shifts every day, with each shift being 8 hours; Senior seafarers are on duty at the bridge and engine room; Ordinary sailors (mechanics, sailors) do some chores; After work is free time, you can watch videos, play cards, play chess, chat and walk on the deck. During the period at the dock, the third mate and the second mate should be on duty for 1.2 hours every day. Ordinary sailors can travel to the fields for sightseeing and shopping in other countries except those on duty.
13. What should I do if the seafarers cannot find a place after graduation? What should I do if I can't get a job because of my personal reasons?
a: if the placement is not possible due to the company's reasons, all tuition fees will be refunded; If seafarers are unable to find employment due to personal reasons, they shall bear the responsibility themselves.
14. Common diseases of seafarers
A: Affected by their occupational characteristics, seafarers are prone to various diseases.
1. Affected by different climate changes and the large temperature difference between day and night on board, seafarers are prone to catch a cold, ranging from stuffy nose, sore throat, headache, fever and body aches, to cough,
high fever and severe cases.
2. Neurasthenia is a common neurosis of seafarers, and its causes are related to long-term mental burden, irregular life or fatigue. Its symptoms are very complicated. < P > Some patients are easily controlled, excited, fidgety, unable to concentrate and have shallow sleep. Others show symptoms of exhaustion, lethargy, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, loneliness, depression and < P > low mood.
Third, chronic gastrointestinal diseases are frequently-occurring diseases of seafarers, which are mainly caused by irregular diet, single food and lack of nutrition. Most of its symptoms are abdominal pain and indigestion. Severe patients often have abdominal diarrhea, pus and mucus in feces, and even bloody stool. If not actively treated, it can lead to physical and mental pain of patients and seriously affect their study and work.
4. Affected by occupational characteristics, sexually transmitted diseases are one of the common diseases of seafarers. As a sailor, you should endure loneliness and lead a totally clean life. Q&A on knowledge of ordinary seamen 1. What are the requirements for applying for ordinary seamen?
A: Generally speaking, the following conditions should be met for applying for ordinary seafarers: (1) Male, aged 18-35 years old, with no record of bad behavior, and love of sailing. (2) Junior high school education or above, with a certain English foundation. (3) The height is above 1.65, without color blindness and colorless weakness, and the naked eye vision of the ship driving major (third mate, sailor) is not less than 1.1, and the naked eye vision of the ship engine major (third engineer, mechanic) is not less than 1.8; No stuttering, no flat feet, normal liver function, no chronic diseases and infectious diseases, and meet the physical examination standards for seafarers. For details, see the "Admissions Guide".
2. How long is the training for ordinary seafarers? Where is the training place?
A: Generally, the training time for ordinary seafarers is four months. Professional training must be conducted in a training institution with corresponding qualifications designated by the National Maritime Safety Administration, and the specific training place shall be contacted by the crew company with the training institution.
3. Can ordinary seafarers obtain various certificates after training? What is the elimination rate?
a: generally, those who pass the interview can obtain various certificates. Those who fail to pass the exam have many make-up exams. From the perspective of ordinary seafarers recruited in the past, the elimination rate does not exceed 1%.
4. How long is the internship for ordinary seafarers? What is the internship fee and treatment?
a: the internship lasts for 6 months. Interview when signing the agreement on internship fees and benefits.
5. What courses are offered for sailor training?
a: basic safety, sailor on duty (main items: simulating steering on the bridge, signal flag identification, etc.), sailor's craft (knotting, cable throwing, aerial work, wire insertion, etc.), maritime English, English listening and conversation.
6. What courses are offered for mechanic training?
a: basic safety, marine diesel engine, marine auxiliary equipment, marine electrical, marine engine management, mechanic duty (main items: disassembly and assembly of diesel engine and auxiliary equipment and operation management of main and auxiliary equipment), mechanic English, English listening and conversation, metalworking (lathe, fitter, welder).
7. What are the duties of a sailor?
a: the sailor on duty is the support level personnel in the daily operation and work of the deck department. Mainly engaged in: (1) the helmsman when sailing and berthing, and assisting in the lookout; (2) When berthing and berthing, the cable is untied; (3) Understand the use of various marine signal lights and flags; (4) The specific operation of the daily repair and maintenance of the deck department; (5) Ship crane and switch cabin operations; (6) Safe retraction of diversion ladder and gangway ladder; (7) Understand the compilation and use of various knots and the splicing of steel wires.
8. What are the duties of the mechanic?
a: the mechanic on duty is the support level personnel in the daily operation and work of the engine department. Mainly engaged in: (1) assisting engineers in daily maintenance of main engine, auxiliary engine and related equipment; (2) assisting engineers in daily maintenance of steering gear and windlass; （3）