First, the implementation of diversification can effectively disperse the business risks of enterprises.
This is because, with the development of social productive forces, people's consumption scope is constantly expanding, and their consumption desire is also constantly increasing. The change of demand has obvious uncertainty, which will cause the instability of production and sales of enterprises. In this case, the centralized operation of a single product or a single market will increase the operational risk. The implementation of diversification can disperse the business risks of enterprises in multiple products, and the losses of enterprises in one aspect can be made up by the gains in other aspects, so as to make up the losses with profits, balance the gains and reduce the risks. Adopting diversified business strategy and dispersing the business risks brought by market uncertainty and fierce market competition through enterprise merger can increase the security of enterprise operation and realize stable development.
Second, the implementation of diversification strategy can fully tap the potential of enterprise management resources and obtain the benefits brought by resource enjoyment.
Diversification can optimize the overall combination, rationally allocate resources, achieve complementary advantages, and achieve integration and coordination. In addition, the opportunity cost of specialized operation can be avoided. The enjoyment of strategic resources is manifested in the following aspects: 1) the enjoyment of technology. Enterprises can transplant the original technology to new industries, saving development and research costs. (2) It can give full play to the potential of existing machinery, raw materials and by-products, improve their utilization rate, and reduce idleness and waste. (3) Enjoy brand image and sales network. When enterprises diversify, new products can make use of the original brand image and sales network, reduce the cost of market entry, and at the same time, enterprises also get economies of scale. (4) Talent * * *. Related industries are diversified, and the original technicians and managers can take up their posts without training or with a little training, which saves the cost of human resources. (5) The benefits of internal capital flow. In a diversified enterprise, managers can decide the allocation of funds between different business directions to ensure that industries with good benefits get sufficient development funds, thus improving the efficiency of the use of funds.
Third, the implementation of diversified business strategy can determine new business direction and cultivate new profit growth points.
When the existing market capacity of enterprises reaches saturation, enterprises can only achieve their growth goals through diversification. Because in the case of saturated market capacity, enterprises demand higher growth rate, so they must occupy the markets of other enterprises. This occupation is usually achieved by lowering prices, developing new products, and spending more on advertising and R&D expenses. However, this kind of behavior is not only costly, but also may be countered by competitors in related industries by the same means, thus making the temporary advantage disappear. Therefore, under the condition that the existing market is saturated, in order to pursue higher growth rate, enterprises must develop in areas outside the original market.
Fourth, the implementation of diversification can expand the development space and field of enterprises and help enterprises realize the transfer of strategic behavior.
Diversification can enable enterprises to flexibly adjust their production structure and industrial arrangements in multiple products and markets according to their own conditions and changes in the external environment, thus enhancing their market adaptability. At the same time, it is also conducive to the alliance, cooperation and exchange between enterprises and other enterprises, especially to enable enterprises to have a broader space for survival and development. Because when the existing industry in which the enterprise is engaged is in a recession, or because the enterprise itself has weak competitiveness in this industry and its development prospects are not optimistic, in order to avoid being eliminated, the enterprise must carry out diversified operations, thus realizing strategic industrial transfer, that is, by entering a new industry, the enterprise will gradually withdraw from the existing industry and establish its lifeline in the new industry field.
Debate: specialization is beneficial to enterprise development or diversification strategy is beneficial to enterprise development. Diversification strategy is the only way for enterprises to develop, but it is relative to enterprises that have achieved high specialization. For growth-oriented enterprises, it is more pragmatic and rational to specialize first and then be excellent, especially the pursuit of big and comprehensive ideas, which is unfavorable to the long-term development of enterprises.
First of all, we should understand why enterprises should implement diversification strategy. There is a simple reason. After high specialization, there will inevitably be industry monopoly, and the state will inevitably impose sanctions on monopoly, either splitting or technology transfer. For example, the monopoly of American oil giant Rockefeller was forcibly dismantled.
Diversification takes the initiative in its own hands to avoid being hastily dismantled, resulting in waste of resources and unreasonable asset restructuring strategy.
(Debate) Humanized management is more conducive to enterprise development, and institutionalized management is more conducive to enterprise development. For example, humanized management and institutionalized management can't tell who is the best. The so-called humanized management is a management mode that pays full attention to human factors in the whole enterprise management process and takes fully tapping human potential as its own responsibility. In fact, the combination of institutionalization and humanization is the best, and its specific content can include many elements, such as respect for people, adequate material and spiritual incentives, providing people with various opportunities for growth and development, paying attention to win-win strategies for enterprises and individuals, and making career plans for employees.
Help: institutionalized management is more conducive to enterprise development \ \ humanized management is more conducive to enterprise development. This topic itself is not valid. First of all, the system itself should be humanized. Humanized management does not mean that it is not managed according to the system. As long as it is management, it is necessary to implement a system.
Help-seeking: institutionalized management is more conducive to enterprise development \ humanized management is more conducive to enterprise development, and institutionalized management is more conducive to the entry point of early development;
1. Institutionalized management puts an end to the worldly wisdom and nepotism, takes production as the center and pays according to contribution, which is conducive to improving work efficiency.
Second, institutionalized management is not lax, which is conducive to implementation to the letter. Moreover, the division of labor is meticulous and the responsibilities are clear; Less prevarication and more cooperation.
Thirdly, institutionalized management has replaced too complicated daily supervision, reduced management costs and improved management efficiency.
Fourth, institutionalized management is conducive to the sustained, healthy and safe development of enterprises. Because of the stable system, stable personnel (stable income and strong sense of security) and stable work order. Great changes have taken place in the market, and the system has been properly adjusted. The management is open and transparent, the information communication is smooth, and there are rules to follow and meticulous work. The benefits of the enterprise are shared with employees according to the system, and the team is smart and capable, and the benefits are increasing day by day. With the strength to cope with market risks, enterprises can naturally lead the market trend, flourish and move towards glory.
For reference only.
We are eager to sum up the four arguments and argue (whether the enterprise group chooses diversification or specialization is beneficial to the development of the enterprise). Diversity is beneficial) The story goes like this. In the past, there was a horror story circulating in all major schools, saying that a school had something unclean. On the fifteenth day of the first month, Mr. Lu Xun's eyes will move at the school gate, all the teaching buildings will be cut off, and the stairs will be released from the original 13 stage to the 14 stage laboratory faucet. The water will turn red, 1 The toilet at the end of the building will never get out as long as someone goes in. So a group of unbelieving children made an appointment to explore together that day 15. In the evening 12, they arrived at the school gate on time. Lu Xun's eyes looked at the left, and when he dared not come out, he wrote down whether he had moved. Why didn't they turn on the switch when they came to the classroom? "Deception." A boy complained, "Look again." Come to the stairs "1 2 3... 13, right?" The children were a little skeptical about the truth of the legend, so they came to the laboratory again and turned on the tap, and shiny water came out. "How boring! We came for nothing! " At the beginning, the sense of * * * was eliminated by half. Finally, they came to the toilet. Although the girl said she didn't believe it, she still didn't dare to go in, so she let Xiao C, who just said she wasn't afraid, go in and look at her watch. Two minutes later, the boy came out. "Everything is a lie." The children broke up in discord. On the way out, a doorman found them and scolded them for staying at school so late. The children ran away. Little B pays special attention to the stone statue at the door. Yes, his eyes are still on the left. He muttered, "hello, little b? Why hasn't Xiao C come back from going out with you last night? " The next morning, little C's mother called to ask. Little C didn't go to school either, and the children vaguely felt that something was wrong, so they told their teachers and parents about their adventures in the evening, and everyone went back to that school accompanied by adults. "What? Our portrait of Lu Xun always looks to the right. " The headmaster said strangely after listening to the children's stories. "But when we came yesterday, we looked left." When we went out, we looked right ... "But there was electricity yesterday." "There was a power outage in our whole area yesterday ... how did you turn on the light?" "There are stairs!" The children ran quickly to the stairs "1 2 3... 12? ""Our stairs have always been 12. " "impossible!" "And the lab," a child warned. "Yes, the laboratory" a line of people came to the laboratory. There was a dark red mark under the tap they turned on yesterday. "It's blood." "So ... little C went to the toilet yesterday ..." Everyone felt scared. "Let's go and have a look." The headmaster also realized the seriousness of the matter ... pushed open the door ... and the body of Xiao C suddenly appeared in front of everyone because of panic. His eyes were wide open, his throat was cut, and his bloody internal organs were scattered in the pool that had been killed ... "Ah ..." Xiao C's mother fainted on the spot, and several teachers rushed out at once. Vomiting ... little b was shocked. One second before he passed out, he caught a glimpse of Xiao C's watch index stopped at 1 ... Then Xiao C went in ... By the way, they didn't have a doorman on the night of their expedition ... If you transfer this post to more than five forums, you won't be haunted by demons, and you can realize a wish. People who don't reply often ... sorry, I'm helpless, too.
Which is more advantageous, enterprise specialization or diversification? When and what to do? Specialization and diversification are not more favorable. It depends on the market situation at that time and the judgment of the market's future development expectation.
Diversification of currency issuers is beneficial to economic development, right? 1. The impact of the emergence of the financial industry on the economy. The financial industry includes all activities related to money. Its emergence and development is the product of economic development, and it has a certain impact on social and economic development. In the ancient agricultural era, the development of commodity production and exchange gave birth to money. As a medium of commodity exchange, universal equivalent reduces the transaction cost, which enables commodity transactions to spread, continue and inherit social wealth between regions and generations in a larger scope of time and space. The emergence of currency also enables people to realize the appreciation of wealth by accumulating currency area, which stimulates people's infinite desire to create wealth. It can be said that the emergence of money is one of the important driving forces for the development of human society. Since then, finance has begun to play a role in human economic activities. With the emergence and development of money, barter, which was originally closely combined with buying and selling in the same process, was divided into two stages. If the seller doesn't buy after selling, or the products for the buyer haven't been sold yet, there will be credit sales, advance payment and receipt of goods, thus generating credit activities. The rise of commercial economy and the prosperity of mercantilism in medieval cities promoted the development of commercial trade, which led to the development of lending activities and lending tools. At the same time, the progress of navigation technology has also promoted the development of business, prospered credit activities and diversified credit tools. The appearance of credit instruments and credit forms is the product of the development of commodity economy, which solves the problems of social capital transfer and producer capital scale limitation to a certain extent, and makes it possible to trade financial instruments. The transaction of credit instruments makes credit instruments a tradable financial commodity. Since then, the financial market, together with the commodity market and the labor market, has become the three pillars supporting the commodity economy building. In ancient times, because of the narrowness, division and disunity of people's economic activities, the currency was disunited. In order to meet the requirements of cross-regional circulation of commodities, the currency exchange industry came into being. With the expansion of self-confidence, it gradually began to keep cash business, then borrowed money and finally developed into a private bank. The emergence of these commercial banks aims at improving currency circulation and creating positive conditions for economic development. It can be seen that the financial industry is the product of the development of commodity economy to a certain stage and the objective requirement of the development of currency circulation to a certain stage. At the same time, the emergence and development of the financial industry ensured the normal circulation of money, thus promoting the smooth development of the economy. Two. Financial development and economy in the era of industrial economy1In the 1960s, the industrial revolution took place in Britain, which marked the formal establishment of the capitalist system in the world and the financial industry entered a new stage of development. 1. The establishment of a modern banking system played a positive role in the economy at the initial stage of the emergence of the financial industry. Under the usury credit model, lenders do not take money as their real business, and banks play a very low role in economic life at this time. High interest rates make capitalists' profits very low, even unprofitable. They urgently need banks with low interest rates and modern significance, which can pool social idle capital. As a result, the banking industry adapted to the development of capitalist production was gradually established in the17th century. By the second half of the19th century, a financial system with the Bank of England as the central bank and various professional credit institutions such as commercial banks as supplements was initially formed in Britain. The Bank of England expanded the issuance of bank notes, provided loan support for emerging industries and businesses, and took profit as the goal, which opened the way for banks to develop into industrialization, and changed the role of finance in promoting the economy from the initial "adaptive role" to "active role", and the status of finance changed significantly. Subsequently, modern commercial banks have been established in various countries. The emergence and development of these banks have played a positive role in promoting the development of capitalism. 2. As an omnipotent monopolist, banks have strong penetration and influence on the economy. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, capitalist production developed rapidly, and production and capital were concentrated, which led to the concentration of banks. The number of banks has decreased sharply, while the capital of banks has increased sharply. Most of the capital dominated by banks is in the hands of big banks, and their branches are developing rapidly. The strength of bank monopoly organizations has been further enhanced; Diversification of financial institutions; The speed of external expansion has accelerated, forming a multinational bank with international significance. Bank monopoly has become an organization that exerts influence and plays an important role in economic, political and other social activities around the world. Due to the development of credit and the formation of bank monopoly, the relationship between banks and enterprises is getting closer and closer. Banks play an indispensable role in the capital supply of enterprises. Banks can supervise the activities of enterprises through credit activities, and some also participate in the activities of enterprises by buying shares of enterprises. Monopoly industrial capital also uses various channels to participate in banking activities, such as buying bank stocks. In this way, monopoly bank capital and monopoly industrial capital are merged together to form a financial oligarchy. The bank-centered financial oligarchy not only controls the economic lifeline of the country, but also dominates the political, economic, cultural and social life of the country. 3. The emergence of paper money laid the foundation for the emergence of military exchange paper money. As a medium of commodity exchange, people are concerned about whether money can buy equivalent goods, not the value of entities. Coins worn in circulation are still used in circulation, which shows that money can perform its functions with symbolic currency symbols instead of coins. Paper money was originally a voucher for exchanging gold and silver currency. Later, Hehe Bank issued its own bank notes with its own gold and silver currency as a guarantee. From the beginning, the amount was temporarily filled in a blank word, and then it developed into pre-printed banknotes with different denominations. In this way, bank notes become convertible credit currencies issued by banks, not gold and silver currencies. The emergence of paper money is a major turning point in monetary materials, which laid the foundation for the emergence of paper money. In the 30 years before World War II, the gold standard disintegrated, gold coins circulated as an intermediary, and troops widely exchanged credit currencies, which made the economy no longer restricted by the amount of gold reserves in various countries. Credit currency can appear in economic life before production, and promote economic development when the production potential allows, which greatly improves the role of finance in promoting the economy. The role of finance in promoting the economy has changed from "initiative" to "leading". Three. Finance and Economy in the Post-industrial Era In the post-industrial era, the transnational flow of production factors, the allocation of resources and the globalization of capital flow have become its main characteristics, which indicates that the development of economy and finance has entered a new stage. With the complete decoupling of gold and the dollar, a complete credit currency system has been established. Under this system, the money supply is technically unlimited, which also removes the last obstacle for finance to serve the economy to the greatest extent. The application of electronic information technology such as electronic money and online banking in the financial field has been greatly developed at this stage. With the support of technology, international finance has developed rapidly and the speed of international capital flow has been greatly accelerated. The globalization of economy and finance has deepened the ties around the world, promoted the development of international trade and exchanges, facilitated the flow of goods and capital, and brought new opportunities to all countries in the world. The leading role of finance in the economy is becoming more and more prominent. Fourth, the theoretical analysis of the relationship between financial development and economic development Although the relationship between financial development and economic development has been basically clear, the debate about financial development and economic growth has existed since ancient times. Below, several theories on the relationship between finance and economy are briefly explained. 1. The monetary neutrality theory of early economists of the classical school often separates the value determination theory related to commodity exchange from the monetary theory when studying economic problems. They believe that commodity prices are determined by the supply and demand of commodities, and the price relationship between commodities, that is, the relative prices of mountain products, determines the production, distribution and exchange of commodities, while the absolute price level of commodities is determined by the quantity of money, thus completely separating the absolute price level from the supply and demand of commodity markets and the value theory from the price theory (monetary theory). According to the theory of currency neutrality, economic activity itself is not affected by monetary factors. The role of money in the economic base is only the circulation of media goods. It has neither positive nor negative effects on the economy, and it is a neutral factor in the economy. The change of money quantity only causes the proportional change of commodity price level, and does not affect the price comparison relationship between commodities. The view of currency neutrality only emphasizes the trading medium function of money, ignoring not only the value storage function of money, but also the role of money in the transfer of media capital and the realization of savings allocation. This limitation of classical monetary analysis is not obvious in the period of simple monetary relationship, but with the further penetration of monetary finance into the real economy, it is difficult for monetary theory of classical economics to make a reasonable explanation for the real economy. 2. Wicksell's Cumulative Process Theory1In the second half of the 9th century, the fact that the amount of money and the price level changed inversely caused people to question the theory of monetary neutrality. KnutWicksell, the pioneer of Swedish school, put forward the famous theory of accumulation process on the basis of affirming the theory of money quantity by studying the relationship between interest rate, price and economic change. In his view, the influence of money on economics is achieved through the consistency or deviation of money interest rate and natural interest rate. According to Wicksell's definition, monetary interest rate is the current market loan interest rate, while natural interest rate actually refers to the expected profit rate of investment. When the amount of money increases, the interest rate of money is lower than the natural interest rate. On the one hand, savings have been suppressed and consumer demand has increased. On the other hand, the relatively low monetary interest rate increases the profit opportunities of enterprises. If entrepreneurs feel profitable, they will expand their investment and increase their output. But with the increase of income and prices, there will be a cumulative process of economic expansion. On the contrary, when the amount of money decreases and the monetary interest rate is higher than the natural interest rate, there will be cumulative economic contraction processes such as shrinking production, decreasing income and falling prices. Only when the monetary interest rate is equal to the natural interest rate can the economy reach equilibrium. Wicksell believes that in the real economy and society, the deviation between monetary interest rate and natural interest rate is absolute. As long as there is a gap between the two, the accumulation process will not stop, the price level will not stop rising and falling, and the social and economic balance will be destroyed. At this point, the currency is not neutral. 3. Analysis of the relationship between money and economic growth in Keynes's monetary economic theory 1963, the publication of Keynes's general theory completely ended the "dichotomy" between money and economy, and the traditional physical economic analysis was all incorporated into the monetary analysis system. Keynes believed that there is a law of diminishing marginal capital in economy, and investment depends on the ratio of marginal efficiency of capital to interest rate. The marginal efficiency of capital, that is, the expected profit rate, is determined by the ratio of the future income of capital assets to their supply prices. For investment enterprises, interest rate and marginal efficiency of capital represent the input and output of their investment respectively. If the marginal efficiency of capital is greater than interest rate, investment will be profitable and investment will be expanded; If the marginal efficiency of capital is less than the interest rate, investment will be unprofitable and investment will decrease. He believes that the money supply determined by the central bank can be regarded as an external variable, and the balance between money supply and demand determines the interest rate level. Therefore, the central bank can adjust the impact of interest rates on the economy by adjusting the money supply. 4. Analysis of modern financial development theory on financial development and economic growth. Gerry and Edwards. Show the published Money in Financial Theory and analyze the role and function of finance in economy by establishing a basic model. They put forward a broad monetary and financial theory based on a variety of financial assets, diversified financial institutions and complete financial policies. By establishing a relatively complete theoretical model about money, railway service and economic growth, they put forward the view that the difference between savings and investment between units is the premise of the existence of the financial system, and emphasized the basic conclusion that financial development is difficult to understand without economic development. At 1968, Raimondeau. The Financial Structure and Financial Development published by Gold *** ith combines a country's economic growth and financial development for quantitative analysis through relevant ratio indicators. In foreign economic development, the basic trend of financial correlation rate is rising, but it will stabilize after reaching a certain level. With the development of economy and finance, the financial structure has changed accordingly. The proportion of indirect financial instruments issued by financial institutions will gradually decrease, while the proportion of direct financial instruments issued by non-financial institutions will gradually increase. Goldsmith believes that financial superstructure can promote economic growth and improve economic operation by improving the overall level of savings and investment and effectively allocating funds. At 1937, Edwards. Xiu and ronaldi. Mckinnon published "Financial Deepening in Economic Development" and "Money and Capital in Economic Development" respectively, put forward the theory of financial deepening and financial repression, and pointed out the mutual influence and promoting relationship between financial development and economic growth. The two men analyzed the particularity of monetary finance in developing countries in detail, and put forward policy suggestions for developing countries to implement financial deepening strategy. They believe that financial repression exists in developing countries, such as imperfect market mechanism, backward financial market, economic fragmentation, financial control and overvaluation of exchange rate. Financial repression makes it difficult for financial institutions to effectively use idle funds and allocate resources, forming a vicious circle of economic poverty. Subsequently, Stiglitz's theory of financial repression and the theory of financial coordination, which appeared after the 1990s, both expounded the relationship between finance and economy from the perspective of how finance should promote economic development. How to carry out financial reform reasonably to promote rather than make the economy retrogress or crisis is still a problem to be solved in theory and practice. In short, whether from the perspective of historical development or theoretical research and development, finance and economy have the following relations: 1. Economic development determines financial development. The emergence of money, the emergence of credit, the emergence of financial institutions, the innovation of financial instruments and the improvement of regulatory agencies are all inseparable from economic development. Finance is in a subordinate position in the relationship of the whole economy, and finance serves the development of the whole economy. 2. Finance can promote economic development. The higher the degree of economic development, the greater the role of finance in economic development.
Which is more beneficial to the development of enterprises, low-cost strategy or experience culture strategy, should improve the pertinence of training content and carry out training in different positions, seasons, classes and modes; Fourth, improve the diversity of training forms: centralized or decentralized learning, unified training or special training, and activities such as "Safe Production Month", safety bulletin boards, fire drills, post operation competitions, etc. can be carried out in an eclectic way, so that employees can master a higher professional level and have strong analytical judgment and emergency handling ability, so that employees can regard safety as the "first demand" in their work and life and realize "I want safety" in their safety work. Without people with modern safety culture quality as the safety productivity of modern enterprises, it is impossible to modernize enterprises smoothly, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the company.
In principle, the existing laws related to enterprises are conducive to the development of enterprises. However, for enterprises with different development stages, different scales, different industries and different natures, the same policy will have different influences, even the opposite. Therefore, to explore which laws are beneficial to protect enterprises needs specific analysis.