Karamay, which means black oil in Uygur language, is named after the Black Oil Mountain. It is a beautiful, magnificent and modern city in the northwest of Junggar Basin, at the eastern foot of Gayle Mountain. This is Karamay, which has the reputation of "Gobi Beauty" and "Black Gem". Karamay has many buildings and spacious roads; With flowing water and green trees, it is the first oil industrial city built after the founding of New China. The roads in the new town are 61 meters wide, and the gray-black concrete pavement and eye-catching markings give people a lively feeling. It's early summer, and the poplars on the roadside are black and green, hiding the modern buildings. The bright colors and novel shapes all reveal the rapid development pace of the city. I have been to the bustling Shanghai and the beautiful Hangzhou, but they only give people a crowded and fragile feeling. Karamay, however, is rough and thick, although it is an extremely ordinary city in the northwest. Tourist attractions Karamay River Karamay Dushanzi Mud Fire Jiulong Lake Baiyang River Grand Canyon Karamay Exhibition Hall Ke No.1 Well Black Oil Mountain. There are many Chinese restaurants in Karamay, which can be seen everywhere on the street. Ethnic snacks are everywhere: mixed noodles, fried noodles, pilaf, soup rice, yellow noodles, barbecue, pepper chicken, baked buns, beef noodles and so on. There is no sandstorm, and there are about 3 days of trace sandstorm weather in late winter and early spring in some areas. Climate

Karamay is a typical continental climate, with drought, little rain and windy spring and autumn as its outstanding climate characteristics. Winter is cold, summer is hot, spring and autumn are short, and the temperature difference between winter and summer is large. The annual average windy days are 71.3 days, the annual average temperature is 8.1℃, the frost-free period is 225 days, and the average sunshine hours are 2715.6 hours. The first frost usually appears in early October, and the final frost usually ends in late March. The highest monthly average temperature in a year is July, with an average temperature of 27.6℃, and the lowest month is October, with an average temperature of -16.3℃. The average annual precipitation is 118.9 mm, and the average annual evaporation is 3118.9 mm, which is 21.8 times of the precipitation.

Soil

Most areas in Karamay are Yi-bi desert, and from south to north, the soil distribution is brown calcium soil, desert calcareous soil and gray-brown desert soil in turn. The soil quality is poor, gravel is everywhere, and the soil salt content is high in many places. Due to the lack of rain, salt hardened on the surface of soil, forming serious soil salinization. The territory of "baijiantan district" is named after the vast expanse of saline-alkali land. Due to the characteristics of drought, little rain, windy and large temperature difference, the vegetation is generally scarce and short, and most of them belong to Chenopodiaceae vegetation which can withstand drought, sandstorm and salinity. There are about 231 species of Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, camel thorn, Sophora alopecuroides and willow.

Vegetation

The area with good vegetation in Karamay is Baiyang River Basin, and large areas of Populus euphratica forests and red willows grow in the floodplain areas on both sides of the river. In Xiaoguai, Daguai, Wuerhe and other areas, due to the low terrain, fine soil and frequent water accumulation, a large number of reeds, Achnatherum splendens and Setaria viridis grow. Dushanzi area is located at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain, with more precipitation and humid climate. From the mountain to the foot of the mountain, the vegetation is vertically distributed. The lowest layer of the mountain is a desert vegetation type. Broad-leaved trees grow on the mountain, and there is a tall spruce forest at an altitude of 1511 meters.

Hydrology

Karamay City belongs to an inland river and inland lake. Rivers are seasonal rivers with short flow and small water volume. The main rivers are Baiyang River, crassus River, Tuhe River in Darbe, Manas River, and Kuitun River in Dushanzi. The lake has Eric Lake. In order to solve the problem of production and domestic water, in 1951s and 1961s, Karamay focused on the development of Baikouquan groundwater, which was delivered to the urban area of Karamay through a culvert with a length of 65km. In 1971, 1 reservoirs (Baiyanghe Reservoir) with a storage capacity of 35.739 million cubic meters were built in Baiyanghe. At the same time, a 72.8-kilometer concrete seepage-proof open channel was built. In 1979, another 1 regulating reservoirs with a storage capacity of 19.515 million cubic meters were built in Baijiantan area. In order to make full use of the water source of Baiyang River, Huangyangquan Reservoir with a storage capacity of 58 million cubic meters has been built since 1989. Dushanzi area in the south of the city mainly refers to Kuitun River. The construction of water conservancy facilities in Karamay has basically ensured the water demand for production and life. Natural resources

Jade Since March 4th, the Gobi colorful stone, multicolored jade and Yadan jade produced in Karamay will adopt the new name of Karamay jade. The 88 names collected are mainly divided into two categories, one of which starts with "Karamay" (place name); The other is the Gobi colorful stone, multicolored jade and Yadanyu, which started with Junggar (region) and will be produced in Karamay from March 4th, and the new name of Karamay Jade will be adopted uniformly. This is the decision made by the leaders of Karamay Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government after careful study on March 3rd. On the same day, the leaders of Karamay Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, according to the request report on the Naming of Ornamental Stones in Karamay submitted by the Municipal Ornamental Stone Association, carefully studied the five names to be named selected by the Council of the Association, and finally determined the name "Karamay Jade". According to Wang Chenggong, president of the Municipal Ornamental Stone Association and director of the Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, the determination of this name embodies the concern and support of the leaders of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, and embodies the collective wisdom of the general public in our city, which will lay a good foundation for the healthy development of the ornamental stone industry in our city and build our own jade brand. The new name "Karamay Jade" is more suitable for colorful jade in Karamay real estate. It is catchy, loud and atmospheric, and has obvious regional characteristics. Wang Zonghan, secretary-general of the association, introduced that on February 5th, the association published news in Karamay Daily and Karamay Net, and widely collected the names of Karamay real estate ornamental stones for the public. As of February 23, the association had collected 81 names, and another 7 citizens expressed their wishes and reasons for naming by telephone. The 88 names collected are mainly divided into two categories, one of which starts with "Karamay" (place name); The other kind begins with "Junggar" (region). On the afternoon of March 1, the first meeting of the Municipal Ornamental Stone Association was held. After careful discussion on the 88 names collected, five distinctive names were finally retained, namely Karamay Jade, Karamay Colorful Jade, Junggar Jade, Junggar Colorful Jade and Yadanyu, which were submitted to the leaders of the municipal party committee and municipal government for study. Zhao Lansheng, vice president of the association, said: From this solicitation activity, it can be seen that citizens love Karamay very much and colorful jade as a jade resource. Protecting this resource, expanding and excavating the economic value and cultural value of Karamay jade, building the brand of Karamay jade and making it another city card of Karamay will be the goal of stone friends from all walks of life in Karamay. Mineral oil and natural gas are the main mineral resources in Karamay. Karamay has large oil and gas reserves, shallow oil layers and excellent texture. The distribution of oil and gas fields is horizontally contiguous and vertically superimposed, and it is composed of various oil and gas series and oil and gas reservoir types, which is convenient for exploitation, processing, transportation and use, and is known as "black gold". In 1983, heavy oil with shallow reservoir, good physical properties and abundant reserves was discovered in Baijiantan, Hongshanzui and Fengcheng areas under the jurisdiction of the city, which became a rare and precious resource in China. In addition, there are natural asphalt, coal, gypsum, limestone, mirabilite, salt, asbestos, crystals, refractories, and building materials such as loess and sandstone for firing bricks and tiles and ultra-light ceramsite.

Grassland and woodland

There are 115,211 hectares of natural grassland in Karamay. Among them, there are 23,111 hectares of grassland, mainly distributed in Wuerhe, Xiaoguai and Dushanzi. The quality of grassland is poor. Due to the decline of groundwater level and overgrazing, the quality of grassland has deteriorated year by year. There are 27,411 hectares of forest land in the city, with a coverage rate of 3.5%, mainly including the secondary forest of Populus euphratica, Haloxylon ammodendron, red willow and other desert shrubs. From 1951s to 1971s, the area of forest land was reduced due to cutting down vegetation for firewood. Since 1981s, with the change of fuel and heating mode, there is no need to cut down vegetation as fuel, and desert vegetation has recovered.

Edit the animal and plant resources in this section

The main wild animals in Karamay are goose throat antelope, Tibetan antelope, Mountain hare, Tarim rabbit, hare, wild boar, argali, fox, lizard, pheasant, wild duck, swan, sparrow, cuckoo, wolf, mouse, snake, toad, oriole, magpie and lark. Livestock are sheep, goats, camels, cattle, horses, pigs, chickens and other fish resources are crucian carp, carp, grass carp, pomfret and so on. Wild plants mainly include Populus euphratica, Ulmus pumila, Calligonum mongolicum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Mulberry, Pine, Willow, Abies Abies, Picea, Betula platyphylla, Haloxylon ammodendron, Lycium barbarum, Reed, Typha Typha, Salix, Nitraria tangutorum, Achnatherum, Festuca arundinacea, Leymus chinensis, Xanthium sibiricum, Stipa, Imperata and Taraxacum. Karamay won the honorary award of national founding for the first time, the honorary title of civilized city in Karamay, the title of "national garden city", the title of technical expert in Karamay, the title of national environmental protection model city in Karamay, the title of youth civilization in Karamay State Taxation Service Department, the advanced title of "safe family" in China, and the title of excellent quality enterprise in Xinjiang in recognition and reward. Five collectives in Karamay were awarded the title of "Advanced Collective in National Economic Census", Junggar Shopping Mall in Karamay was awarded the title of "Integrity Rights Protection Unit", Junggar Shopping Mall in Karamay was awarded the title of "No Fake Goods in 111 Cities", Karamay Petroleum Branch was awarded the title of "Best Civilized Unit in China", Karamay CPPCC was awarded the title of "Learning Organization" and Karamay was awarded the title of National Science and Technology Progress City. Karamay City was awarded the title of "Model City for Implementing the Responsibility Book of Municipal Environmental Protection Targets", Karamay Intellectual Property Office was awarded the advanced title of the autonomous region, seven scientific research projects of Karamay Petrochemical Company were awarded the title of "New Records of China Enterprises", Karamay Research Institute was awarded the title of Excellent Enterprise of Petroleum QC Group Activities, and Karamay Vocational and Technical College was officially approved by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance as the project construction unit of "National Model College Construction Plan". Yushu Village, Xiaoguai Township, Karamay City, won the title of "National Demonstration Village of Democracy and Legal System", Karamay Petrochemical Company and Dagang Petrochemical Company won the title of "Top 51 Energy Green Enterprises in China", the Youth League Committee of Karamay No.2 Oil Production Plant won the honorary title of "Model of the May 4th Red Flag Youth League Committee", and the patrol class 3 of Karamay No.6 oil production operation area won the honorary title of Youth Civilization. Karamay Hongye Co., Ltd. was awarded the title of "Advanced Private Enterprise for Employment and Social Security in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region", the title of "National Advanced Collective for Intellectual Property Training" and the honorary title of "National Advanced Collective for Patent System" in Karamay, Professor Zheng Xiaohua of Karamay Calligraphers Association was awarded the title of "Second National Young and Middle-aged Literary Worker with Virtue and Art" and Karamay was awarded the title of "National Health City". Karamay City was awarded the honorary title of "National Double Support Model City", Karamay City was honored as "National Advanced City for Creating Civilized Cities", Karamay Sanlian Investment Group was awarded the title of "National Excellent Construction Enterprise", and Karamay Metropolitan Single White-collar Civil Affairs Bureau Marriage Association was awarded the title of "National Top 111 Excellent Units in the Same Industry" for 11 consecutive years. With the approval of the State Council, Karamay was established as the first famous Chinese restaurant in Quanjude, Karamay Oilfield, the honorary title of "National Advanced Urban Area in Science and Technology Work" in Karamay, and the titles of "National Good Parents" and "Top Ten Meng Mu in Contemporary China" in Bulilan, Karamay.