The definitions of failure, hidden danger, danger, risk, accident and safety are both different and related.
Fault: the phenomenon that the equipment "loses its specified function" or endangers safety for some reason during the working process.
Hidden danger: refers to the unstable factors that exist in certain conditions, things and events and affect the safety interests of individuals or others.
Danger: refers to the potential of materials, goods, systems, technological processes, facilities or places to cause harm to people, property or the environment.
Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation.
Accident: refers to an unexpected situation that leads to death, illness, injury, damage or other losses.
Safety: The state in which acceptable risk of damage cannot be avoided.
(The above definition is quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia)
These concepts are both different and related. Safety is not completely without damage, but the damage is within an acceptable range. Absolute security does not exist, and there will be hidden dangers, big and small, at any time. If hidden dangers are found and eliminated in time, the system can be in a normal state. If there are hidden dangers that are not handled in time, faults will occur. Failure is not necessarily dangerous, it may also be the loss of some functions, but it may also lead to danger. And risk refers to the possibility of danger, not the danger itself. An accident is an accident, but it may be dangerous without an accident. For example, the toxic waste gas from a factory is not an accident, but harmful to people.
Hazard source
Refers to the parts, regions, places, spaces, posts, equipment and their positions in the system that have the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and can be transformed into accidents under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or location with potential danger, the source of accidents, and the collection of energy and dangerous substances. ...
Three elements of hazard source:
(1) Danger is generally caused by uncontrolled release of energy or poison. In risk analysis, we must first determine the types of hazards, such as poison release, explosion, fire, etc. And then determine which part of the system is the hazard source, such as pressure vessels, pressure pipes, storage tanks, power plants, etc.
(2) the extent to which the environment, people or other ecosystems, buildings or structures are exposed to dangerous areas;
(3) In case of danger, it will have harmful effects on the exposed targets or may cause losses.
These three elements are called risk chain, and each link in the chain should be analyzed and evaluated in detail when conducting risk analysis.
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of people's activity places, equipment and facilities, or the potential danger of personal injury or economic loss caused by people's unsafe behavior and management defects. An unremarkable fault point or injury point, but all indicators are within the scope of safety, can be called a safety hazard.
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of workplace, equipment and facilities, unsafe behavior of people and management defects, which is the direct cause of safety accidents.
Hazard source is the root cause of accidents, and it is a production device, facility or place that has energy or may accidentally release dangerous and harmful substances.
Major hazard sources refer to units (including places and facilities) that produce, transport, use or store dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity.
The difference between the two: accident hidden danger and hazard source are not equivalent concepts;
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe state of workplace, equipment and facilities, unsafe behavior of people and management defects. Its essence is a dangerous, unsafe and defective "state", which can be manifested in people or things. For example, unstable walking and slippery roads are all hidden dangers that lead to falls and injuries; It can also be manifested in the procedures, contents or methods of management, such as inadequate inspection, imperfect system and inadequate personnel training. Hazard source refers to the position, area, place, space, post, equipment and its position in the system that has the potential danger of releasing energy and substances, can cause personal injury, property loss or environmental damage, and is transformed into an accident under the action of certain triggering factors. Its essence is the source point or position with potential danger, the source of accidents, the core of energy and dangerous substances concentration, and the place where energy comes out or erupts. Danger exists in a certain system, and the scope of danger is different in different systems. For example, nationwide, a specific enterprise (such as an oil refinery) is a hazard source of dangerous industries (such as petroleum and chemical industry). From the enterprise system, it may be that a workshop or warehouse is a hazard source, and the workshop system may be a device or a hazard source; Therefore, the analysis of hazard sources should be carried out according to different levels of the system. Generally speaking, hidden dangers may or may not exist, and hidden dangers with hidden dangers of accidents must be rectified in time, otherwise accidents may occur at any time. Major hazard sources are essentially the concept of management, which embodies the idea of distinguishing priorities and grasping main contradictions in accident prevention. It is also the idea that the country or region controls the equipment, facilities and places that may cause major industrial accidents in advance, during and after the event, macroscopically and uniformly. Major hazards are mainly aimed at material hazards, that is, the objective existence of flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful substances. When the amount of hazardous substances exceeds the specified critical amount, it constitutes a major hazard source and should be paid attention to and managed. In practice, the control and management of hidden dangers of accidents are always associated with certain hazards, because there are no dangerous hidden dangers, so they cannot be controlled; The control of dangerous sources is actually to eliminate or prevent hidden dangers of accidents. So in practice, these two concepts are sometimes misused. According to the above definition of hazard source, hazard source should be composed of three elements: potential danger, existing conditions and trigger factors. The potential danger of hazard sources refers to the degree of harm or loss that may be caused once an accident is caused, or the energy intensity or quality of dangerous substances that may be released by hazard sources. The existence conditions of hazards refer to the physical, chemical and restrictive conditions of hazards. For example, the pressure, temperature and chemical stability of substances, the firmness of pressure vessels, obstacles in the surrounding environment, etc. Although the trigger factor does not belong to the inherent attribute of hazard sources, it is the external cause of the transformation of hazard sources into accidents, and each type of hazard source has corresponding sensitive trigger factors. For example, flammable and explosive substances, heat energy is its sensitive fuse, and for pressure vessels, pressure rise is its sensitive fuse. Therefore, a hazard source is always associated with the corresponding trigger. Under the action of trigger factors, the hazard source is transformed into a dangerous state, and then into an accident.
Danger: the source or state that may cause casualties, diseases, property losses and damage to the working environment.
Hazard identification: the process of identifying the existence of hazards and determining their nature.
Dangerous; Possibility of loss, injury, disadvantage or destruction.
Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation.
There are two definitions of risk: one emphasizes that risk is uncertainty; Another definition emphasizes that risk is expressed as the uncertainty of loss.
If the risk shows uncertainty, it means that the risk can only show loss, and there is no possibility of profiting from the risk, which belongs to the narrow sense of risk. The uncertainty of risk shows that the result of risk may bring loss, profit or no loss and no profit, which belongs to generalized risk, and financial risk belongs to this category.
Risk and income are directly proportional, so generally speaking, aggressive investors prefer high risk in order to obtain higher income, while prudent investors focus on security considerations.
Characteristics of risk:
1, objectivity 2, contingency 3, damage 4, uncertainty 5, relativity (or variability)
How to judge risk, choose risk, avoid risk and then use risk to seek opportunities in risk to create benefits is of far-reaching and great significance.
Risk: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specific dangerous situation.
Emphasize the uncertainty of risk loss, but in a narrow sense, risk will only have losses, but the losses are uncertain.
Danger: refers to the potential of materials, goods, systems, technological processes, facilities or places to cause harm to people, property or the environment.
Danger is absolute loss.
It's dangerous if you drive too fast. The danger is that what you do is incorrect.
Buying stocks is said to be risky. If you buy stocks incorrectly, it may bring gains or losses.