Common management consulting modes of world-renowned consulting companies (full version)
1. porter's five competitiveness analysis models
Porter's five competitiveness analysis models are widely used in the strategic formulation of many industries. Porter believes that in any industry, whether domestic or international, whether providing goods or services, the rules of competition are contained in five competitive forces. These five kinds of competitiveness are the competition among enterprises, the entry of potential new competitors, the development of potential substitutes, the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of buyers. These five kinds of competitiveness determine the profitability and level of enterprises.
opponent
Competition among enterprises is the most important of the five forces. Only those strategies that have advantages over competitors' strategies can succeed. Therefore, the company must establish its own core competitive advantages in market, price, quality, output, function, service and research and development.
The factors that affect the competition among enterprises in the industry are: industrial growth, periodic overproduction of fixed (storage) cost/added value, product difference, trademark exclusiveness, switching cost, concentration and balance, information complexity, diversity of competitors, company risk, exit barriers, etc.
novice
Enterprises must be alert to new market entrants, and their existence will make enterprises respond accordingly, which will inevitably require companies to invest corresponding resources.
The factors affecting the entry of potential new competitors are: economic scale, the difference of exclusive products, trademark exclusivity, capital demand, distribution channels, absolute cost advantage, * * policy, and the expected counterattack of enterprises in the industry.
buyer
When users concentrate, scale or buy goods in large quantities, their bargaining power will become the main factor affecting the intensity of industrial competition.
The factors that determine the buyer's strength are: buyer's concentration relative to enterprise concentration, buyer's quantity, buyer's switching cost relative to enterprise switching cost, buyer's information, backward integration ability, substitute, ability to overcome crisis, total price/purchase amount, product difference, brand exclusivity, quality/performance impact, buyer's profit and decision maker's incentive.
surrogate products
In many industries, enterprises will directly or indirectly compete with companies that produce substitutes in other industries. The existence of substitutes sets an upper limit for the price of products. When the product price exceeds this upper limit, users will turn to other alternative products.
The factors that determine the threat of substitution are: the relative price performance of substitutes, the switching cost, and the tendency of customers to use substitutes.
provider
The bargaining power of suppliers will affect the degree of industrial competition, especially when suppliers have a high degree of monopoly, there are few substitutes for raw materials, or the conversion cost of switching to other raw materials is high.
The factors that determine the strength of suppliers are: the difference of input, the switching cost between suppliers and enterprises in the industry, the present situation of alternative input, the concentration of suppliers, the importance of batch to suppliers, the cost related to the total purchase volume of the industry, the influence of input on costs and characteristics, and the threat of forward integration compared with backward integration of enterprises in the industry.
2.SWOT analysis model
"SWOT" is the abbreviation of four English words: strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. This model is a method to summarize the internal and external research results of enterprises mainly by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.
S-advantage: compare and analyze the advantages of enterprises compared with other competitors in external market environment and internal operation;
W- disadvantage: compare and analyze the disadvantages of enterprises compared with other competitors in external market environment and internal management;
O-opportunity: analyze the development opportunities of enterprises under the current market competition situation;
T-challenge: analyze the threats and challenges existing in enterprises under the current market competition situation.
This method is subjective. The result of SWOT analysis is people's knowledge and understanding. If people's knowledge and knowledge are rooted in facts, then SWOT analysis is a very effective analysis tool, which can be used to analyze and compare various groups accordingly. But many times, people's knowledge and understanding may not be completely true. Therefore, we should be cautious in the process of using SWOT model. In the process of use, we can use the method of multi-person scoring and setting weights to comprehensively analyze the internal and external conditions of the enterprise.
3. Strategic position and action evaluation matrix
Evaluation of strategic position and action opportunity ......
What is the charting tool used to analyze the root cause?
The seven skills of QC are composed of five diagrams, one table and one method: five diagrams: Plato, scatter diagram, histogram, control diagram, characteristic factor analysis diagram (fishbone diagram), one table: Gantt chart, and one method: hierarchical method.
What are the commonly used strategic analysis tools?
At present, the commonly used strategic analysis tools are:
I. Pest analysis
Second, five power modes.
Third, stakeholder analysis.
Fourth, competitor analysis
Value chain analysis of verb (abbreviation of verb)
Six, radar chart
Seven, causal analysis
Strategy formulation and selection tools
First, SWOT analysis
Second, the strategic position and action evaluation matrix (space)
Third, Boston matrix.
Fourth, the general matrix
Verb (abbreviation of verb) V. Matrix 52
Sixth, EVA management
Seven. Orientation strategy matrix
General strategy implementation tool
I. Balanced Scorecard
Second, the gap analysis
What are the commonly used data analysis tools
The concept of data analysis is too broad. Do you need to focus on data display, data mining or data storage? Is it for personal use or for enterprises and departments? Is the application scenario a simple personal chart or an analysis of sales, finance or supply chain?
Let's talk about BI, the most widely used enterprise application, which actually covers the part I mentioned above in terms of function. It is mainly used for data integration, structural analysis and displaying data for decision analysis. For example, FineBI is a tool that can "intelligently" analyze data.
What quality management tools are available for simple analysis?
Reprint the following information for your reference.
The so-called seven tools commonly used in total quality management are the seven methods commonly used to collect and analyze quality data, analyze and determine quality problems, and control and improve quality level in carrying out total quality management activities. These methods are not only scientific but also practical. As a team leader, we should first learn and master them and lead the workers to apply them to production practice.
I. List
Checklist is also called questionnaire and statistical analysis table. Checklist is the simplest and most commonly used of the seven QC methods. But perhaps it is because of its simplicity that it is ignored, so there are many problems in the process of using the checklist.
Purpose of using the list:
Collect data systematically, accumulate information, confirm facts and roughly sort out and analyze data. That is, to confirm whether there is anything that should be done or not (check whether there is anything missing).
Second, the pareto chart law
Pareto diagram method is an effective method to find out the main factors affecting product quality.
To make pareto chart:
1, data collection, that is, collecting data about product quality problems in a certain period of time. For example, waste or nonconforming product data can be collected during 1 month or 3 months or half a year.
2. Layered and juxtaposed as data tables, that is, the collected data will be layered according to different problems, and each layer can also be called a project; Then count the number of times (that is, frequency) that various problems (or each item) appear repeatedly; According to the order of frequency, from large to small, it is listed as a data table as the basic basis for calculation and drawing.
3. Calculation, that is, according to the data in column (3), calculate the percentage of each type of problem in the total problem, and count it in column (4), then calculate the cumulative percentage and count it in column (5).
4. Be a pareto chart. That is, drawing according to the data in the above table. It should be noted that the cumulative percentage should be marked on the right side of each item, and then the points should be connected into a straight line from the origin, thus making a Pareto curve.
Third, the causal diagram
Causality diagram is also called feature factor diagram or fishbone diagram. According to its shape, some people call it a branching diagram or a fishbone diagram. It is an effective tool to find out the causes of quality problems.
Fourth, layered method.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), also called classification, is a method to analyze the reasons that affect quality (or other problems). We know that it is difficult to make sense if many different reasons are mixed together. The method is to classify the collected data according to different purposes and group the data collected under the same production conditions according to the same properties. In this way, the facts reflected by the data can be more prominent, and it is convenient to find problems and prescribe the right medicine.
Five, histogram method
Histogram is the abbreviation of frequency histogram. It is a graph that represents data with a series of rectangles with equal width and unequal height. The width of the rectangle indicates the interval of the data range, and the height of the rectangle indicates the amount of data in a given interval.
Six, control chart method
Control chart method is a commonly used statistical method for quality control, which is used to judge and predict whether the quality situation fluctuates in the production process. It can directly monitor the process quality dynamics in the production process, and has the functions of stable production, quality assurance and active prevention.
Seven, scatter plot method
Scatter chart method is an effective method to control the related factors affecting product quality by analyzing and studying the relationship between the data of two factors.
In production practice, some variables are often in a unity, which are interrelated, restricted and transformed under certain conditions. Some variables have deterministic relationships, and their relationships can be expressed by functional relationships, such as the relationship between the area and radius of a circle: s =πR2；; There is correlation between some variables, that is, there is a relationship between these variables, but the value of one variable cannot be accurately calculated by the value of another variable. List these two kinds of related data, put them on the coordinate diagram with ideas, and then observe the relationship between these two factors. This kind of graph is called a scatter graph or a correlation graph.
What are the seven tools of QC?
Seven techniques of quality control
Seven techniques: checklist, analytic hierarchy process, Plato, causality diagram, scatter diagram, histogram and control chart.
I. List
Checklist is a method to list the contents or items that need to be checked one by one, and then check them one by one regularly or irregularly, and record the problem points, sometimes called checklist or spot check list.
For example: checklist, diagnosis list, work improvement checklist, satisfaction questionnaire, checklist, checklist, 5S activity checklist, engineering anomaly analysis list, etc.
1, component
① Determine the inspection items; ② Determine the frequency of inspection; (3) Determine the inspectors.
2. Implementation steps
(1) Determine the inspection object;
(2) making a list;
③ Check and record according to the checklist items;
(4) for the problems found, require the responsible unit to improve in time;
⑤ Inspectors shall confirm the improvement effect within the specified time;
⑥ Summarize regularly and make continuous improvement.
Second, the layered method
Hierarchical method is to group a large number of opinions, opinions or ideas about a specific topic, and to group and classify a large number of collected data or materials according to their interrelationships. Hierarchical method is generally used in combination with Plato, histogram and other seven techniques, or it can be used alone.
For example: sampling statistics, bad category statistics, ranking table, etc.
Implementation steps:
(1) Determine the research topic;
(2) making tables and collecting data;
③ Classify the collected data;
(4) comparative analysis, analysis of these data, find out its internal reasons, determine the improvement project.
Third, Plato
Plato's use should be based on the hierarchical method, and the items determined by the hierarchical method should be arranged from large to small, plus the graphs of accumulated values. It can help us find out the key problems, grasp the important minority and the useful majority, and is suitable for numerical statistics. Some people call it ABC diagram, also called pareto chart, because Plato ranked knowledge from big to small.
1, classification
1) Plato used to analyze phenomena: related to bad results, and used to find the main problems.
Quality: unqualified, failure, customer complaints, returns, maintenance, etc.
B cost: total loss, expenses, etc. ;
Delivery date: stock shortage, payment default, delivery delay, etc. ;
Safety: accidents, mistakes, etc.
2) Plato is used to analyze reasons: it is related to process factors and is used to find main problems.
Operator: shift, team, age, experience, proficiency, etc.
Machinery: equipment, tools, molds, instruments, etc.
Raw materials: manufacturer, factory, batch, type, etc. ;
D operation method: operation environment, process sequence, operation arrangement, etc.
2. Plato's role
(1) Reduce the bad foundation;
(2) Determine the improvement goal and find out the problems;
③ The improvement effect can be confirmed.
3. Implementation steps
(1) Collect data, classify by layers, and calculate the percentage of each layer in the whole project;
② Summarize the classified data, arrange them from most to least, and calculate the cumulative percentage;
(3) draw horizontal and vertical scale;
(4) draw histogram;
⑤ Draw cumulative curve;
⑥ Record the necessary items.
⑦ Analyze Plato
Key points: a Plato has two vertical coordinates, the left vertical coordinate generally indicates the quantity or amount, and the right vertical coordinate generally indicates the cumulative percentage of the quantity or amount; B Plato's abscissa generally represents inspection items, arranged from left to right according to the degree of influence; C. When drawing Plato, draw a straight square corresponding to the left ordinate and a point corresponding to the cumulative frequency of each item corresponding to the right ordinate according to the frequency of the number or amount of each item, and connect these points in turn.
4, application points and matters needing attention
(1) Plato should be kept, and Plato before and after improvement can be put together to evaluate the improvement effect;
(2) To analyze Plato, we only need to master the first two to three nines;
(3) Plato's classification items should not be set too few, 5~9 items are appropriate. If there are too many classification items, more than 9 items can be classified as others. If there are too few classification items, less than 4 items will make it meaningless to be Plato.
(4) If Plato finds that the distribution ratio of each project is almost the same, then Plato loses its meaning and does not conform to Plato's law. It is necessary to collect data from other angles for analysis;
Plato is a means of management improvement, not an end. If the data items are already clear, there is no need to waste time doing Plato;
⑥ If other items are greater than the previous items, they must be analyzed and classified, and whether there is a reason;
⑦ ......
What are the common tools for system analysis and design?
Analysis tools: UML, J2EE,
Development tools: VB, VC++, VS.
Environment name: Eclipse, Delp arc I, Net.
What are the commonly used Taobao data analysis tools? Please give me one.
Quantum invariant path, business, data cube, business consultant
What are the commonly used data analysis tools?
EXCEL MATLAB source code and so on.
At present, the popular graphic visualization and data analysis software are Matlab, Mathmatica and Maple. These softwares are powerful and can meet many needs in scientific and technological work, but using these softwares requires certain knowledge of computer programming and matrix, and familiarity with a large number of functions and commands. Using Origin is as simple as using Excel and Word. You only need to click the mouse and select the menu command, and you can complete most of the work and get satisfactory results. But it is more powerful than excel. Generally, you can use Excel in your daily life and then add a macro. There are some analysis tools in it, but sometimes it needs the support of database software.
What tools are commonly used for requirements analysis in project management?
Visio can be considered in the flowchart.
Uml can consider working chickens like rationalrose or staruml.
There must be news.