excellent managers and their management philosophy in recent years: 1.35-year-old Liu Xun is the chairman of Shaanxi Aowei Science and Technology Mineral Co., Ltd. In 2111, he obtained a Canadian green card through skilled migration and brought his wife and son to Vancouver.
2. Qian Jinbo, chairman of China Red Dragonfly Group, immigrated for the education of his children.
3.36-year-old Wang Lu is now the global vice president of CNET, the fifth largest IT professional website in the world. His overseas study experience has given him more opportunities than others.
4. Taiwan Province entrepreneur Cai Wancai, the head of Guotai Group, is a world-famous rich man.
5. China's well-known trademark "Cross-Strait Coffee" is a world-renowned Sino-foreign joint venture and restaurant chain enterprise, which was founded by Ms. Jin Meiyang, a well-known female entrepreneur in Zhejiang, in pursuit of greater coffee ideal and better service concept.
6. Linde Group, founded by Pang Yuliang
, is a world-renowned logistics service provider with a service network covering more than 511 cities in more than 81 countries and regions. Pang Yuliang believes that smart entrepreneurs should learn to avoid trade barriers. For example, garments can be made with collars and sleeves, shipped out as semi-finished products, re-processed into finished products in the bonded industrial and trade park of Pahim airport, and labeled with "Made in Germany", so that the products can pass through the EU unimpeded. Pang Yuliang transports air cargo from all over the country to Zhengzhou first, and then to Urumqi in 38 hours. The route from Urumqi to Pahim is the closest route from China to Europe, which greatly reduces the logistics cost of "Made in China" going out. Pang Yuliang is thinking boldly about how to break down the trade barriers, and China exporters sell them all over the world by their own efforts.
Li Ka-shing, who is 78 years old, has spent RMB 1 billion to buy 111% equity of German Pachim Airport.
There are many places worth learning and understanding by Chinese people, as long as you have this hope. In this issue's special report, Beijing Youth Weekly brings together Li Ka-shing researchers, media people in Hong Kong, market analysts and other relevant people, trying to show readers a real Li Ka-shing beyond the "fantasy world created by popular culture". The first bucket of gold: plastic flowers, just plastic flowers.
background: in the mid-1941s, the plastic industry rose in developed countries in Europe and America. As an all-round open world free trade port, plastic products imported from Europe and America soon appeared on the market. Plastic products are easy to shape, light in weight, rich in color, beautiful and applicable, and can replace many wood or metal products. Plastic has some disadvantages such as easy aging and toxicity, but these disadvantages are lost in people's fashion. Today, plastic products are still popular.
in the summer of p>1951, Li Ka-shing founded the Changjiang Plastic Factory in Shau Kei Wan. He took the name of the "Yangtze River", which comes from "the Yangtze River does not choose a trickle, so it can be mighty in Wan Li"-which shows his great ambition like the Yangtze River.
Everyone's entrepreneurial story is different. The first bucket of gold is the most attractive topic. Faced with Li Ka-shing's success, many people will be puzzled: can you really become a billionaire by selling plastic flowers? Yes, relying solely on plastic flowers, Li Ka-shing has become one of the richest people in Hong Kong. Zhou Zhaoqing: When we analyze Li Ka-shing, what we can't ignore is his mind and sizing up the situation. This is a good tradition of China people, so we should plan ahead. The development of Li Ka-shing's "Plastic Flower" was not achieved in one step. At the beginning of his business, there were more than 311 plastic and toy factories in Hong Kong, and the Yangtze River Factory was only one of them which was in good operating condition but lacked characteristics. The plastic toys exported by Changjiang Factory are not much different from those of the same trade, but the styles are slightly changed. At this time, Li Ka-shing began to imagine the future problems-in 1957, more than ten years after the end of the world war, western countries entered the fast lane of economy, and the pursuit of life quality increased day by day, and Li Ka-shing's factories quickly transformed-focusing on the production of plastic flowers.
Plastic flowers are actually copies of flowers. The 1951s was an era of pursuit and embarrassment-limited living standards and inflated ideas and pursuits. Plastic flowers, like a perfect substitute in a transitional era, quickly occupied Hong Kong and even the global market.
Zhou Zhaoqing: What Li Ka-shing did in the 1951s has been passed down very well now-just like Zhejiang businessmen, such as the well-known "lighter" export. There is great comparability between them, such as large-scale production, large-scale wholesale sales and export trade. Another point that cannot be ignored is that the technical content of plastic flowers and lighters is very low.
In the first few years of p>1957, Li Ka-shing became the world's largest exporter and manufacturer of plastic flowers by wholesale trade. The key point is that he has not only produced for Hongkong, but also for the neighborhood. His products are exported to Europe and America. Duanmu: The late 1951s was the first golden period in the post-war history of Hong Kong. The booming entrepot trade and the status of OEM made the Hong Kong market prosperous. In fact, there are many manufacturers of plastic flowers, and the Yangtze River is just one of them. In the view of "business circle", plastic flowers are nothing but vendors, but they can't really enter the "business circle", so it was somewhat contemptuous to call Li Ka-shing "the king of plastic flowers" at that time.
Li Ka-shing knows that relying on the export of plastic flowers is by no means a long-term solution, and products lacking technical content will never last long. He is looking forward to a change in life. At the beginning of the transformation: Li Ka-shing's background in the 1961s: Hong Kong is a special place with narrow terrain and mountainous terrain. Limited land, unlimited demand, coupled with the high land price policy adopted by the Hong Kong Government, land is precious and houses are luxurious. In 1951, the population of Hong Kong was just over 2 million. By the end of 1951s, the population was close to 3 million. The increase in population is not only an increase in the demand for housing, but also an urgent need for a large number of office buildings, commercial shops and industrial workshops due to the sustained development of the local economy. There has been a long-term shortage of houses in Hong Kong, and the increase in housing always fails to keep up with the demand.
The production of plastic flowers is just a means for Li Ka-shing to make money, which is the primitive accumulation of his inheritance. His ultimate goal is to fully show the value of life and see how much energy a person has! How far you run!
Duanmu: Take Hong Kong as an example. Today, 91% of the billionaires are real estate developers or businessmen who run real estate concurrently. But this was not the case in Hong Kong in the 1961s. Monopoly was scattered in many industries, such as finance, shipping, real estate, trade, retail, energy, industry and so on. Real estate developers were not prominent among the rich families. This also means that real estate is not an industry that everyone is optimistic about.
in p>1958, Li Ka-shing purchased land in North Point, a prosperous industrial zone, to build a 12-storey industrial building. In 1961, he built an industrial building in Chai Wan, a new industrial zone in the northeast corner of Hong Kong Island. The area of the two buildings was 1.2 million square feet.
Zhou Zhaoqing: At this time, Li Ka-shing shows the steady side of a successful businessman. No matter how tight the funds are, Li Ka-shing would rather build less or not, rather than sell faster houses or speed up the progress of building houses. He tries not to mortgage loans to banks, or to provide mortgages to users with banks. Now it seems almost conservative, because his profit focus is on renting property.
readers will be equally amazed at Li Ka-shing's conservatism when they see this: auction sale and bank mortgage mortgage are almost the only ways in the real estate industry, but they have become the foreshadowing of the crisis in Li Ka-shing's eyes. Of course, such a statement needs huge financial backing, and the "king of plastic flowers" is by no means a hollow reputation.
although renting a property can't make huge profits like developing a property (building or selling a property), it has a stable rental income, and the property will increase in value, which will be more obvious as time goes on.
Duanmu: There are still many buildings built in the early 1961s. Even in the golden zone like Central, you can still see old buildings from time to time. Over the past 41 years, the property has been increasing in value, and the rental income has steadily increased. The owners of these buildings have become the most secure group.
in the first five years of 1961s, Li Ka-shing took a two-pronged approach, with the growing business of plastic flowers and the steady appreciation of real estate investment, and a bigger ideal gradually took shape.
In p>1965, 35-year-old Buffett began to emerge, and his investment in "Buffett Partners Co., Ltd." began to raise private funds, and his personal wealth totaled 4 million US dollars. In 1965, 31-year-old Jack Welch turned out to be a colleague of Li Ka-shing, an ordinary employee of General Electric (GE) Plastics Division; In 1965, 11-year-old Bill Gates was in the third grade at a public elementary school in Seattle. In 1965, Mike Dell was born; In 1965, 37-year-old Li Ka-shing was well-known in the world with a net worth of over 111 million yuan. Perhaps the plastic flowers placed on the Gates' dining table came from the factory in Li Ka-shing ... Zhou Zhaoqing: There are some misunderstandings and dereliction of duty among the professionals in the market and enterprises. Studying the great Bill Gates, Buffett and Welch is not all the lessons for Chinese entrepreneurs-if we don't study Li Ka-shing, what powerful experience can we use to support our future growth in the context of globalization? Golden Age: From Vendors to Crocodiles Background: In October, 1969, US President Nixon publicly stated at the UN General Assembly that he was willing to negotiate with China. Then privately, China can relax the embargo policy that lasted for 21 years. In October 1971, the American table tennis team was invited to visit China. In July of the same year, Nixon sent Dr. Kissinger to visit China to meet with Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong-Hong Kong's entrepot trade position will be further strengthened. Hong Kong's economic community has regained confidence in Hong Kong's future, and the demand for buildings has surged.
In this surging speculation, Li Ka-shing always keeps a clear head. Short selling is a big taboo in doing business. Speculating on real estate is like speculating on the stock market. Behind "getting rich overnight" is often "going bankrupt once".
Duanmu: The life of Hong Kong people in 1966 and 1967 was turbulent, which was related to the world pattern and the background of China Mainland. Bankruptcy and bank runs swept through Hong Kong at one time, which was like waves scouring the sand, and some small enterprises with mediocre qualifications were eliminated. At this time, it needed courage and overall awareness to enter the real estate industry on a large scale. Li Ka-shing firmly appeared in the real estate industry as a long-term investor; At the same time, he is a conservative among long-term investors. As always, he searched for land and built factories in new and old industrial areas in the New Territories on Hong Kong Island. He relies as little as possible on bank loans, and some industrial buildings are built entirely by self-financing and self-financing The plastic department under the company is in good operating condition and has considerable profits.
From Biography of Li Ka-shing: The "Cultural Revolution" began to spread to Hong Kong. Rumors that "China is about to retake Hong Kong by force" are everywhere, and people in Hong Kong are in panic, which triggered the first great immigration tide since World War II. Immigrants are mostly rich people, who have sold their properties at low prices. Li Ka-shing, who owns several sites and properties, is worried. He listens to the radio and reads newspapers from time to time, keeping a close eye on developments. "Preserving the status quo in Hong Kong is actually of great benefit to China. China does not want turmoil in Hong Kong. " After careful consideration, Li Ka-shing resolutely took an amazing move: people abandoned me and took advantage of the low to absorb.
chaos leads to cure, but extreme disorder leads to extreme success. Although the large-scale immigration tide has gradually subsided, the owners who have emigrated overseas are still eager to sell their houses, shops, hotels and factories at low prices. Li Ka-shing thinks this is the best time to expand, and he has accumulated the profits from plastics and property income. He renovated and rented the old house he bought, and took advantage of the low real estate tide and low construction cost to build a property on the site.
Zhou Zhaoqing: With the loosening of the political structure, Li Ka-shing's career entered the fast lane. Around 1971, he had completely shifted his career focus to the real estate industry.
At this time, all trades in Hong Kong have been revived, and the real estate market is booming. Some people say that Li Ka-shing is a casino mogul, who put all his eggs in one basket and won by luck. Only Li Ka-shing knows whether his amazing behavior contains gambling elements. He is a big winner in this real estate disaster, but he is by no means a speculator.
Duanmu: It's a little thing that Hong Kong people know. After Li Ka-shing switched his main business to real estate, he didn't close the former plastic flower production factory. Although the export of plastic flowers declined in the 1971s, he even began to lose money, but he kept the factory for a long time, which was the foundation of Li Ka-shing's entrepreneurship. Secondly, it is an account of his colleagues who once shared the joys and sorrows of starting a business. Li Ka-shing has never been a man without a sense of responsibility. Achieving Superman:
How much do we know about this Superman?
background: in 1971, Li Ka-shing established Changjiang real estate co., ltd. In 1972, when the Hong Kong stock market was booming, Li Ka-shing seized the opportunity to change Changjiang Real Estate into Changjiang Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. and went public on a bull ride, becoming one of the "Five Tiger Generals of Chinese Real Estate". Since then, Li Ka-shing has made great achievements in the Hong Kong real estate stock market.
according to the logic of ordinary people, Li Ka-shing is rich and has been rich for many years.
Bookstores are indeed full of Li Ka-shing-themed publications. Look at those titles, such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and the layout of shopping malls in Li Ka-shing, the ultimate way to win the world, the secret of making a lot of money by the top wealth scholar, the breakthrough from scratch, and 11 pieces of advice for China students ... Their only similarity is that they have shaped the images of "the richest man", "superman", hero and mentor. Li Ka-shing's legendary life: from a poor teenager to a "king of plastic flowers", from a real estate tycoon to a stock market superman, from a world pier overlord to a new economic pioneer ... He appeared in the fantasy world of popular culture and cultivated thousands of loyal "fans". In this era of "all industries are entertainment", Li Ka-shing has become a part of entertainment culture.
Of course, the entertainment star effect has its own market value. Li Ka-shing himself keeps a low profile, but his personal brand is priceless. Houses, as long as they are made in Li Ka-shing, are easier to sell; Stock investment, Li Ka-shing's judgment is as trustworthy as Buffett; In the long winter of 3G, he received consistent support from many small and medium-sized investors. I am afraid that if someone else did 3G, he would have closed down.
When you read Li Ka-shing's life as a fairy tale, have you ever thought of asking: Why?
Zhou Zhaoqing: In my research, the turning point that made Li Ka-shing a great event in his life was definitely not from the field of plastic flowers to the real estate industry, but the successful acquisition of Hutchison Whampoa in the early 1981s. From a strategic perspective, if the business is all real estate investment, the group's profit will be purely affected by real estate-related factors, such as government planning and land sales policies. This kind of investment, of course, is profitable when the economy is booming, but once the good times are gone, the group will suffer a heavy blow and even have a financial crisis.
Hutchison Whampoa's main projects have little to do with real estate: container terminal, transportation, retail, manufacturing ... The most important point: Li Ka-shing is no longer a king of plastic flowers or a real estate businessman, and his tentacles have entered all fields of the market.
since the late 1981s, the entire Changhe Department (Cheung Kong and Hutchison Whampoa) has started to enter overseas markets, and its overseas business scope includes energy, real estate, telecommunications, retail and container terminals, etc. The investment area is based in Hong Kong and extends to China mainland, North America, Europe and other Asia-Pacific regions. Zhou Zhaoqing: Changhe Department actively takes the road of internationalization, not only to meet the needs of business scale expansion, but also to spread its investment risks through business globalization. Different markets are affected