Since the flood season, extreme disastrous weather has occurred frequently in China, and there have been many large-scale heavy rainfall processes in Jiangnan, South China, Southwest China, Northeast China, Jianghuai and other regions. The flood occurred early, and there were many kinds of flood disasters, and the degree of disaster was heavy. According to the statistics of the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of August 6, this year's flood disaster has caused 200 million people to be affected (dead 1.454, 669 missing, crops affected 1.34765438 hectares, of which 2.09 million hectares were never harvested, and the direct economic loss due to the disaster was 275 1.05 million.
Jiangxi flood
In 89 counties (cities, districts, 1052 townships, 8,726,600 people were affected, 12 people died,10/people disappeared, and 75,000 houses collapsed; The affected area of crops reached 609.72 thousand hectares; The roads in China were seriously damaged by water, and some trains on Xiaying Line and Fengfu Line stopped. Water supply, power supply and communication were interrupted in four counties; Nearly 400,000 households have power outages; The second largest river in Jiangxi burst its banks and exceeded the police. The water level of the Ganjiang River continued to soar to the highest level in 99 years, and Jiang Xinzhou was flooded.
Hunan flood
14 cities and states, 1090 townships, 7.694 million people were affected, 14 people were killed, 9 people were missing, 25,300 houses were damaged, and the affected area of crops was 2810 hectares,1. 2 16 line, the subgrade from the watershed to Shuangpai Chalin in Lingling District was washed away and the traffic was interrupted. It is expected to resume traffic on July 5; The second super-alert flood occurred in the main stream of Xiangjiang River; The second flood in Zishui main stream exceeded the warning water level, the water level in Dongting Lake rose in an all-round way, and landslides occurred at Yuanling, Yongzhou, Hunan-Guizhou Railway 1477+200 and 1464+475.
Fujian flood
Eight districts and cities, 60 counties (cities, districts, 639 townships and 4 counties and cities) in Nanping were flooded, and 2,653,800 people were affected; 76 people died and 79 people were missing; There were 37,600 houses collapsed, and the ancient buildings in Taining in the Ming Dynasty were seriously damaged by heavy rains and floods. The affected area of crops 1 19.83 thousand hectares, with a loss of 5.353 billion yuan; Trains from Xi 'an to Xiamen and Fuzhou were suspended until 26th, and 9 trains from 22nd to 25th in Xiamen. More than 600 power supply lines were cut off, and Yufu Village, Dagan Town, Nanping City was cut off from water and food. The flood peak of Shaxikou Reservoir is the largest flood in history. /kloc-once in 0/00 years, the dam of Diankou Power Station Reservoir in Nanshan Town, Nanping City partially collapsed, and Nanping City collapsed in a large area. Ninghua landslide; Flash floods occurred in Shunchang County, and the gaosha town Mountain in Shaxian County collapsed.
Guizhou flood
16 counties and cities,1640,000 people were affected, more than 6 100 houses were damaged, and more than 60,000 hectares of crops were affected; 10 national and provincial trunk highways are interrupted due to landslides and landslides; 85 townships were cut off, and the power supply of 360,000 users was affected; River water washed away 33 revetments, 8 irrigation facilities12 and 9 ponds, and 16 counties (cities, districts) suffered from rainstorm, flood, landslide and debris flow to varying degrees.
Guangxi flood
Eight cities and 54 counties (district 90 1.4 million people were affected, 1 people died; 6385 houses were damaged, and the affected area of crops reached 5 1.05 thousand hectares, with a loss of 277 million; 3 12 road interruption; 147 townships (districts) were affected by power outages, and more than 400 transmission lines were shut down; The water level of Liujiang River is 83 meters for two consecutive days, and the dam of Laibin Reservoir is in danger, and the Jiulong Reservoir in Luocheng is in danger.
Chongqing flood
1 1 counties 126 More than 860,000 people in towns and villages were affected, 2 people died and 1 person was missing; 1505 house collapse; Affected farmland area 16.28 thousand hectares, of which: 8.56 thousand hectares were affected, and 2. 19 thousand hectares were rejected; 103 A flood occurred outside Tianchi Tunnel in Fuling District, and traffic was interrupted. It is expected to resume on June 28th. Floods in 25 rivers damaged 1 small reservoirs.
Zhejiang flood
1 1 county (city, district,10/township (town, 808,000 people were affected, and 23,000 people were transferred by * *; The affected crop area reached 16.28 thousand hectares; Qiantang River and Fuchun River are closed to traffic, and Qiantang River has entered the first-class flood control; Power outages occurred in 238 villages in 4 townships; Sudden slope debris flow in Longquan.
Sichuan flood
More than 300,000 people in Ganzi, Emei Mountain, Liangshan and other places, and 94 townships in 3 districts and 4 counties of Luzhou City were affected; The 70-meter subgrade of Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway was destroyed by the flood, National Highway 2 13 was interrupted, Kangding Mountain collapsed, the whole mountain at 7 km +200 m of Jiusha Road in Emei Mountain City collapsed, and Luzhou Mountain collapsed.
Cause analysis of flood disaster in Xiamen University
Xiamen University has a low terrain. Low terrain and poor drainage. Monsoon climate, concentrated precipitation in summer, vulnerable to typhoons and hurricanes in summer. Xiamen University (XMU), located in Xiamen, Fujian Province, is a comprehensive research-oriented national key university directly under the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Fujian maintains Class III emergency response against rainstorm. Where is the local flood disaster likely to occur?
Natural disasters may occur in most areas of Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Putian, Pingtan and Fuzhou. In addition, there have been heavy rains in central and eastern Fujian.
In recent months, the weather in southeastern China has been shrouded in the haze of heavy rainfall. It is under the influence of this heavy rainfall that natural disasters such as floods may occur in most areas of Fujian. Therefore, relevant departments at all levels of the local government are also taking active actions to ensure that floods and natural disasters will not bring more serious consequences.
Most parts of Fujian have been hit by heavy rain.
According to the news released by the Fujian Flood Control Office, due to heavy rainfall, natural weather such as heavy rain occurred in parts of central and eastern Fujian Province. At this time, under the influence of this natural weather, flash floods may occur all over Fujian Province. After all, because most of the terrain in Fujian is hilly, severe heavy rainfall is likely to lead to flash floods. Therefore, the flood control office also reminds local residents to pay attention to the coming of flash floods. This is especially important for mountain residents. We must stay away from the foot of the mountain, as far as possible in this heavy rainfall.
Local authorities have also taken action.
In addition to the release of relevant rainfall news by the Flood Control Office, the local logistics emergency management department is also taking active actions. Many people have been evacuated from the most dangerous areas in central and eastern China, and several settlements have been set up in various parts of the province. At the same time, collect a large number of relief materials from the society to ensure that the transferred personnel have enough materials and food.
Be aware of prevention.
In addition to the government and emergency management departments, I think as citizens, individuals should also have a sense of prevention. Residents in mountainous areas, in particular, should be vigilant to prevent local heavy rain. Remember not to go up the mountain in heavy rain to avoid mountain torrents on the way up.
Causes, harm and effective preventive measures of flood disaster.
The harm of flood disaster
Refers to the phenomenon that low-lying areas are flooded and waterlogged due to heavy rain, heavy rain or continuous rainfall. Rain and waterlogging mainly endanger the growth of crops, resulting in crop yield reduction or crop failure, and undermining the normal development of agricultural production and other industries.
Waterlogging is mainly caused by rainstorm and heavy rainstorm, so it is often closely related to flood disaster. The conceptual difference between the two is that flood disaster refers to the disaster caused by heavy rain or flooding of rivers and lakes; Rainstorm refers to waterlogging and flood disaster. Rain and waterlogging mainly endanger crop growth, leading to crop yield reduction or crop failure; Flood not only harms crops, but also damages houses, buildings, water conservancy facilities, transportation facilities and power facilities. , and caused different degrees of casualties. Because floods and rainstorms often occur in the same area at the same time or continuously, it is difficult to accurately define their differences in disaster investigation, statistics and analysis. At this time, it is collectively referred to as flood disaster.
Flood disaster distribution
Globally, floods mainly occur in areas with frequent typhoons and rainstorms. These areas mainly include: northern Bangladesh and coastal areas; Southeast coast of China; Japan and Southeast Asian countries; The Caribbean and the eastern coastal areas of the United States. In addition, inland river basins in some countries are also prone to floods.
The harm of flood disaster
Among all kinds of natural disasters, flood is the most common and harmful one. Floods occur frequently, spread widely, are fierce and extremely destructive. Floods not only flooded houses and people, causing a large number of casualties, but also swept away everything in human settlements, including food, flooded farmland, destroyed crops, and led to a sharp reduction in food production, which led to famine. Floods will also damage factories, communications and transportation facilities, thus causing damage to the Ministry of National Economy.
Since the beginning of this century, there have been nearly 40 catastrophic floods around the world, each of which has caused tens of thousands of deaths and millions of people have been displaced. In recent decades, the frequency of floods and disaster losses have increased year by year.
China has been a country with severe floods since ancient times. According to incomplete statistics, during the period from 206 BC to 2 155 BC 1949, there were 1092 floods in * *, and floods with more than 10,000 deaths occurred every 5-6 years. This situation has not fundamentally changed in modern times.
Flood disaster not only directly causes casualties and property losses, but also causes a series of other disasters such as landslides, mudslides and epidemics. Rain and Waterlogging in China
1951-1990. There are 5.9 serious floods every year in China, with an average affected area of 6.67 million hectares, including 4.7 million hectares, with 30 to 4,000 deaths and more than 2 million houses collapsed. 199 1 year, floods occurred in 25 provinces, cities and districts in China to varying degrees. The affected area of crops was 24 million hectares, with 5 133 deaths and 4.98 million houses collapsed, resulting in direct economic losses of 79.9 billion yuan.
The main waterlogging areas are distributed in Daxing 'anling-Taihang Mountain-east of Wuling Mountain, which is divided into four frequent areas by Nanling, Dabie Mountain-Qinling Mountain and Yinshan Mountain. There is little rain in the west of China, and only Sichuan is a rainy and waterlogged area.
According to historical waterlogging statistics, the most serious waterlogging areas are mainly the southeast coast, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and Huaihe River basin, followed by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanling, Wuyishan, Haihe River and Yellow River, Sichuan Basin, Liaohe River and Songhua River. The areas with the least rainfall and waterlogging in China are Northwest China, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, followed by Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Northeast China. Generally speaking, the distribution of rain and waterlogging is characterized by more in the east and less in the west; There are many coastal areas and few inland areas; There are many lakes in the plain and few mountains in the plateau; There are many slopes in the east and south of the mountain range, but few in the west and north.
Flood disaster control and prevention measures May 2008 16 Friday 09:44 Flood disaster control and prevention measures
Flood disaster is a common natural disaster. Flood disaster will lead to ecological environment, economic construction, property loss and even epidemic of infectious diseases, which will seriously threaten people's production, life and life safety. Due to the influence of heavy rainfall, some towns and villages suffered from floods. In order to do a good job in disease prevention and control in the affected towns and villages and achieve the goal of no major epidemic after the disaster. The following disease prevention and control measures are proposed for the reference of the affected towns.
First, strengthen the sanitary management of drinking water.
1, selection and protection of water sources; The water intake point of drinking water source should be selected in the upper reaches of flood or less polluted waters in waterlogged areas, and a certain range should be drawn. It is strictly forbidden to discharge feces, sewage and garbage in this area. Where conditions permit, a wharf should be set at the water intake point, and water should be taken at a certain distance from the shore.
2. Selection of water source after water intake; In areas without running water, well water should be used as drinking water source as much as possible. Wells should have well platforms, well sites and manhole covers. It is forbidden to build toilets, pigsty and other facilities that may pollute groundwater within 30m around wells. There should be a special bucket to get water. Conditional areas can extend the existing tap water supply pipeline. 3. Purify and disinfect drinking water; Boiling is a very effective sterilization method. When conditions permit, filtration method can be used. However, during the flood, the most important disinfection method of drinking water is to use disinfectant. 4. Strengthen the disinfection of water supply facilities; Submerged water sources or water supply facilities must be cleaned and disinfected before reuse, and can only be used after bacteriological indicators are qualified. Flooded wells must be dredged, cleaned and disinfected. Drain the well first, remove the silt, wash the shaft wall and bottom hole with clear water, and then discharge the sewage. After the well naturally seeps to the normal water level, soak it in bleaching powder 12~24h, and then pump out the well water. After the water naturally seeps to the normal water level, it can be put into normal use according to the normal disinfection method (4 grams of bleaching powder is added to one ton of water, and 8 grams of bleaching powder/ton is added for disinfection when the pollution is serious.
Second, strengthen food hygiene management.
1, flood areas need to focus on preventing the following food poisoning.
(1 mycotoxin food poisoning caused by moldy grains: often caused by eating moldy rice.
(2) Bacterial food poisoning: It is often caused by animal food, dead livestock and poultry meat and cooked food (such as rice and vegetables) that is not well refrigerated.
(3) Chemical food poisoning: it is generally caused by eating toxic substances by mistake. Due to the environmental changes in disaster areas and the conditions of temporary residence, industrial chemicals such as pesticides and nitrite are easily eaten by mistake.
(4) Poisonous animal and plant food poisoning: eating pig's thyroid gland, adrenal gland and toxic fish by mistake will cause toxic animal food poisoning; Eating soybean milk, lentils or sprouted potatoes and poisonous mushrooms that are not heated enough will cause food poisoning of poisonous plants.
2. On-site treatment of food poisoning
(1 treatment and report of patients: the first-aid treatment of patients mainly includes vomiting, gastric lavage, enema, symptomatic treatment and special detoxification drug treatment; The contents of the food poisoning report include the place, time, number of people, typical symptoms and signs, treatment, poisoned food and measures taken. At the same time, we should pay attention to collecting patient specimens for inspection.
(2) Stop eating poisoned food: seal up the poisoned food or suspected poisoned food on site, and eat it after investigation and confirmation that it is not poisoned food; Notify to resume or stop eating poisoned food or suspected poisoned food in other places. (3) Disinfection of food and environment: Harmless treatment or destruction of poisoned food, and corresponding disinfection of poisoned places. For bacterial food poisoning, solid food can be treated by boiling disinfection 15~30min; Liquid food can be disinfected with bleaching powder. The patient's excreta and vomit can be disinfected by mixing 20% lime milk or bleaching powder (1 excreta with 2 disinfectants for 2 hours, and the surrounding environment can be disinfected by spraying peracetic acid. Chemical or toxic animal and plant food poisoning should be buried deep.
3. Strengthen the supervision and management of food hygiene in disaster areas; In particular, flooded food production and business units should do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting food equipment, containers and the environment, and can only start business after passing the acceptance by the local health administrative department, and strengthen supervision over their food and raw materials to prevent food pollution and the use of moldy and deteriorated raw materials. 4, to carry out publicity and education to prevent food poisoning; Mainly promote inedible foods, including: foods soaked in water; Dead livestock and aquatic products; Rotten vegetables and fruits submerged by floods; Foods of unknown origin that are packaged in non-special food containers and have no clear food labels; Serious mildew (rice, wheat, corn, peanuts, etc. The moldy rate exceeds 30%; Other spoiled foods and mushrooms that cannot be identified as toxic or not. Third, strengthen environmental sanitation.
1. Hygienic requirements of the victim's residence; First of all, we should choose a safe and high-lying place and build temporary shelters such as tents, shacks and simple houses, so as to clean them up first and then improve them. Secondly, pay attention to the sanitation of the living environment, do not defecate anywhere, do not dump garbage and sewage, and do not raise livestock and poultry in the shed. 2. Toilet sanitation and excrement treatment measures (1) Choose a suitable place at the gathering point of the victims, make a reasonable layout, adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials, build an emergency temporary toilet, and ensure that the septic tank does not leak (or use clay pots and plastic buckets as septic tanks. (2) Use the existing manure storage facilities to store manure as much as possible. If there is no manure storage facility, the manure mixed mud can be sealed and piled up, or covered with plastic film, and drainage ditches should be dug around to prevent rainwater from soaking and scouring. In case of emergency, dig a circular soil pit in a suitable place, use waterproof plastic film as the lining of the land, extend the film to the edge of the pit for 20 cm, press it with soil, and pour the feces into the pool for storage, sealing and fermentation. You can also use plastic buckets, wooden barrels and other containers with large capacity to collect feces, fill them, cover them, send them to designated places for temporary storage, and transport them out for treatment after the flood. When conditions permit, transport it away in time with a motor dung truck. (3) The feces of patients with infectious diseases who are intensively treated must be collected in special containers and then disinfected. Treatment of scattered patients' feces: the ratio of feces to bleaching powder is 5: 1, which is fully mixed and buried centrally; Add the same amount of lime powder into the feces, mix and bury them centrally. It is forbidden to pour the patient's feces into the stream to prevent the spread of the disease. 3. Garbage collection and disposal method (1 According to the actual situation of the victims, the garbage collection site should be rationally arranged. Brick garbage ponds and metal garbage bins (boxes or plastic garbage bags) can be used to collect domestic garbage, and special personnel are responsible for cleaning and transportation, so as to achieve Nissan Nissin. (2) Take out the garbage in time, pile it in a higher place and cover it with plastic film. Dig drainage ditches around, disinfect and kill insects with drugs to control the breeding of flies. (3) Some infectious garbage can be incinerated. 4. Disposal of human and animal corpses The bodies of normal dead persons should be transported out for cremation as soon as possible. Those who died of Class A and B infectious diseases should be disinfected as soon as possible and transported out for cremation. Animal carcasses such as livestock and poultry removed in environmental cleaning shall be treated with bleaching powder or quicklime and buried deeply. 5. Environmental cleaning after the flood; When the water recedes, a mass patriotic health campaign will be launched. On the basis of extensive health education, villages and households in flooded areas must thoroughly clean up the indoor and outdoor environment, so as to clean up the environment when the flood recedes, and the work of elimination, killing and extinction will follow one after another. (1 Organize to clean up the outdoor environment: repair roads, clear stagnant water, fill potholes, remove garbage and sundries, eradicate weeds, clean ditches with vegetables, remove silt from wells, repair sanitary infrastructure such as toilets, bury livestock carcasses, disinfect the environment, eliminate the risk factors of epidemic diseases, and restore the environmental sanitation of disaster areas to the pre-disaster level in a short time. (2) For all residents in flooded areas, after the water recedes, the quality of the original houses will be checked by special personnel to confirm their firmness, and then doors and windows will be opened, ventilated and ventilated, furniture will be cleaned, indoor items will be cleaned, family toilets will be renovated, livestock sheds will be repaired, indoor and courtyard will be thoroughly cleaned, and garbage and dirt will be removed. Disinfect the walls and floors of the room when necessary. Daily necessities brought back from indoor and temporary resettlement sites can be boiled and disinfected or exposed to the sun. Before check-in, the room is ventilated and dry, and the air is fresh. 6. Disinfection Due to the mixed pollution of various microorganisms caused by floods, intestinal pathogenic microorganisms are the main ones, so special attention should be paid to the disinfection of food, drinking water and living environment. Simple, cheap and sufficient disinfection methods and disinfectants are required. First of all, there must be a special person responsible for protecting water sources and disinfecting drinking water; At the same time, we should do a good job in environmental sanitation and disinfection. Flooded houses and public places should be classified and disinfected. There should be someone who is responsible for the centralized supply, preparation and distribution of disinfectants, publicize disinfection knowledge, organize the masses to implement disinfection measures and specifically guide their correct use. Iv. infectious disease control 1, strengthening preventive intervention measures in disaster areas; Strengthen environmental sanitation management, remove garbage and dirt, bury animal carcasses, manage feces and livestock, and improve the living environment. Actively protect water sources, disinfect wells or drinking water, and let victims drink clean water. 2. Control the source of infection and block the route of transmission; In some areas where infectious diseases are prevalent, it is necessary to focus on controlling the source of infection, carry out rodent control activities in natural foci, eliminate mosquito and fly breeding grounds in densely populated areas, and effectively control and eliminate vectors. Strengthen food hygiene management, prevent "diseases from entering the mouth" and control the occurrence of food-borne diseases. 3. Strengthen epidemic monitoring and establish an epidemic reporting network; In this extraordinary period of flood disaster, we should pay special attention to epidemic reporting and monitoring and maintain the sensitivity of epidemic monitoring system, which is the premise of disaster relief and disease prevention. When an epidemic situation of infectious diseases occurs, we should actively respond to the epidemic situation in accordance with the principle of "early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment". Set up epidemic monitoring points in key disaster areas or areas prone to infectious diseases to closely monitor the epidemic situation. Once a major infectious disease outbreak or an unexplained disease outbreak occurs in the disaster area, timely feedback information should be given, and timely notification and alarm should be made in accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations such as the Emergency Regulations on Public Health Emergencies, the Measures for the Administration of Reporting Public Health Emergencies and the monitoring information of infectious diseases. When a disease, especially a disease of unknown origin, occurs, the responsible reporter shall report the epidemic situation to the local disease control agency by the fastest communication mode (online direct report within 2 hours) and report it to the health administrative department at the same level by telephone or fax, so as to take preventive decisions. At the same time, strengthen the monitoring of the epidemic situation of floating population to prevent the cross-spread of the epidemic. 4. Improve the immunity level of the population and give full play to the effectiveness of planned immunization; The flood disrupted the normal working procedures, the victims moved and dispersed, and the immune level of the population was difficult to control. It is necessary to carry out emergency vaccination and preventive medication for some diseases, carry out targeted immunization and preventive medication, and control the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in disaster areas. 5. Strengthen the health protection of special people and safeguard the health of victims; Children, the elderly, the weak, the sick, the disabled, pregnant women and other special groups have poor physical resistance. Due to excessive fatigue and tension during disasters, bad environment, malnutrition, unstable life, sun and rain, insect bites, they can't rest day and night, and are prone to illness due to internal and external reasons. Therefore, we should strengthen the prevention and health care for this special group and control the epidemic of diseases. 6, vigorously carry out patriotic health campaign; Improving the sanitary conditions of temporary residence is an important link to reduce the occurrence of diseases. It is also necessary to carry out publicity and education on health knowledge, develop good health habits of the victims, and advocate not drinking raw water and washing hands before and after meals. Five, vector control 1, main measures to prevent mosquitoes (environmental governance1; (2) Mosquito control and mosquito repellent: In disaster areas where conditions permit, screen doors and screens should be installed in the residence, or mosquito nets impregnated with drugs should be used; Light mosquito-repellent incense (or electric mosquito-repellent incense) before going to bed; You can also use commercially available mosquito repellents to apply to bare parts of the body. (3) Indoor (inside and outside the tent) drug spraying: such as dichlorvos, fenduna, triclosan, etc. 2, fly prevention measures (1 clean up the environment, reduce breeding places. (2) indoor (inside and outside the tent) drug spraying, you can also use sticky fly paper, fly trap or fly swatter to catch flies artificially. 3. Rodent control measures; Temporary resettlement sites in flood season belong to special environment, so the following points should be paid attention to when killing rats: (1 Use more tools to kill rats, such as mouse cages and mousetraps, but you can't use electronic cats, let alone pull the power grid to kill rats. At this time, the rat hole is shallow and it is convenient to take water. You can also fill the hole with water or mud. (2) Use poison bait with caution: When the density of rats is high, or people are seriously threatened by rat-borne diseases, poison bait should be used to kill rats on the basis of strict organization and full publicity. (3) Ensure the safety of people and animals: Do not use cooked food to prepare poison bait, and the poison bait must have warning color. The feeding work should be carried out by trained deratization personnel, and the feeding point should be clearly marked. After feeding, we should look for dead rats in time, manage livestock and poultry, preserve food and take good care of children. After feeding, the remaining bait should be collected, burned or buried in an appropriate place. The health department should prepare for poisoning first aid. In order to avoid leaving traces of insect bites after the death of rats, it is best to spray pesticides in residential areas while killing rats. Sixth, health education; Health education in flood-stricken areas is an important guarantee to promote the implementation of disaster relief and disease prevention measures. Health education must be adapted to the extraordinary period, environment and objects of disasters. The content of education should not only be adapted to the psychology, culture and quality of the education target, but also be carefully organized according to the changes of factors such as disasters, meteorology, diseases and health services and the changes of the demand level of health education for the victims.
More than 60 years ago, a typhoon hit Xiamen head-on in Na Yue.
1949 Since the founding of New China, countless typhoons, large and small, from the Pacific Ocean have brought great disasters to all parts of China and caused great losses to people's lives and property. The information of 20 typhoons that caused great losses is collected here, so that netizens can understand and be alert to the hazards of typhoons and prepare for typhoon prevention.
3.5903 Aerith: The mysterious first strong typhoon swept through Fujian, causing more than10.5 million casualties, damaging 26 10 ships, flooding 6.2 million mu of farmland and destroying10.8 million houses.
On August 23rd, Typhoon1959,5903 landed in the coastal area from Xiamen to Zhangpu, Fujian. 12 strong winds swept across the coastal counties of southern Fujian, with the strongest areas in Tongan, Xiamen and Haicheng, and the instantaneous maximum wind speed in Xiamen reached 60 meters per second. In Xiamen alone, there were nearly a thousand casualties. Trees were uprooted, houses collapsed, and some seawalls collapsed, causing great losses to people's lives and property. The arrival of "Aerith" coincided with the astronomical tide on July 19 of the lunar calendar. The wind helped the tide to flood the river, causing serious storm surge disasters.
According to incomplete statistics, 79 1 person died and at least 800 people were injured in the flood in Fujian province. The sinking damaged 26 ships10, washed away more than 700 seawalls 1700, flooded 6.2 million mu of farmland and destroyed 0/8000 houses.
When the typhoon landed, the sea level soared, and the highest tidal level reached 7.39 meters, the highest since Xiamen 1949, exceeding the warning water level by 0.59 meters. At high tide, the typhoon increased water1.365,438+0 m, and the low-lying areas in Xiamen city were flooded 1m or more, and the seawater overflowed Zhongshan Road in downtown area, and the anchorage facilities of ferry terminals were pushed to the coast. The tsunami flew over the roof, and the seawater overflowed the Fuzhou-Xiamen Highway, covering 62 natural villages, 7,357 households and 2. At sea, the bodies of 17 1 foreigners were also recovered. According to local people, the severity of this disaster is rare for decades.
4.60065438 Typhoon Mary +0 (Mary: landed in Hong Kong, hitting Guangdong and Fujian hard. Typhoon 60065438 landed in Hong Kong, killing more than 1,000 people in Guangdong and Fujian.
June 9 1960, typhoon no. 600 1 landed in Hong Kong. When landing, the air pressure in the center is 970 hectopascals, and the maximum wind speed near the center is 35 m/s, and the wind force 12. Under the attack of typhoon and rainstorm, all industries in Hong Kong stopped production, shops closed, schools closed, all kinds of entertainment venues closed, land and water transportation was completely paralyzed, 80% of wooden houses on the mountainside were destroyed, more than 60 people died or disappeared, more than 70 people were injured, and 150 ships sank or were damaged.
Affected by this typhoon, heavy rains generally fell along the southeast coast, with rainfall reaching 200-400 meters in most areas of Guangdong and Fujian provinces and 600-800 mm in some areas. Coupled with heavy rains and tidal waves, severe floods occurred in the middle and lower reaches of East Guangdong, Foshan, Zhaoqing and Dongjiang. Hanjiang, Rongjiang and Luojiang all exceeded the highest water level in history, and vast areas were generally flooded for 2 to 4 days.
According to incomplete statistics, the province flooded 6.67 million mu of farmland, 80,000 houses collapsed, 30,000 pigs and cows drowned, 46 levees burst, more than 2,500 culverts were washed away, and more than 9,000 water conservancy projects were built. More than 654.38+0.2 million people were once trapped by the flood, 4265.438+0 people died and 654.38+0.500 people were injured.
In Fujian Province, heavy rains, mountain torrents and river floods occurred in many places. In places with severe floods, only the roof is exposed and only the top of the tree is seen. The lower reaches of the river were supported by the spring tide, and the flood lasted for more than two days. Zhangzhou City in the lower reaches of Jiulong River was flooded for 4 days and nights, and Fiona Fang Baili Wang Yang was flooded. According to incomplete statistics, 638 people were killed, 205 people were missing, more than 5,300 people were injured, more than 80,000 houses were destroyed, more than 200,000 houses were damaged, 4.63 million mu of farmland was flooded, more than 2,800 bridges were washed away, more than 4,000 ships sank, and more than 6,543,800 livestock and poultry were washed away. More than 200 factory coal mines in Longxi area were flooded, and 60% of them stopped production.
There will be heavy rain today and tomorrow. Xiamen launched a Class III emergency response to prevent storms and floods yesterday.
In order to cope with the possible losses caused by continuous rainfall, yesterday 15, the city launched a Class III emergency response to prevent storms and floods.
Yesterday afternoon, the Municipal Meteorological Bureau issued a rainstorm warning. Due to the confluence of cold and warm air currents, the heavy precipitation in our city will last from 12 to 14, mainly concentrated in 12 at night to 13. According to Xiamen's emergency plan for flood control and typhoon prevention, the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters issued a notice yesterday 15 to start the Class III emergency response of rainstorm and flood.
The notice also requires that all relevant units in each district should take measures to accurately dispatch from point to point, especially to prevent disasters such as urban waterlogging, local collapse and landslides that may be caused by short-term heavy precipitation, as well as adverse effects caused by strong convective weather such as lightning and short-term strong winds. For low-lying areas in rainy areas, especially hidden danger points such as waterlogging and geological disasters that have been identified, rescue teams and rescue equipment should be preset in advance, and decisive measures should be taken in case of danger.
It was learned from the Municipal Flood Control Office that after the emergency response was launched, all relevant departments in each district made every effort to implement the requirements of the plan, stepped up their duty, closely monitored, and conscientiously did all kinds of defense work according to their respective responsibilities. (Xiamen Daily reporter Zhu Daoheng