A nutritionist is a scientific worker who uses the knowledge and skills of nutrition to guide nutrition and diet. The quantity and quality of nutritionists reflect the social and economic development of a country and the quality of life of residents. China is in the transition period of diet and disease mode, and it is urgent to establish a team of nutritionists to guide residents' diet and nutrition scientifically and effectively. First, the status quo of nutritionists The shortage of nutritionists in China is a common phenomenon. At present, there are only more than 2,000 nutritionists in China, which means that every 650,000 people in China enjoy/kloc-0 nutritionists, which is far from the developed countries. Most full-time nutritionists in China work in hospitals, CDC and other professional medical institutions. Because there is no relevant legal support, only a few are listed for business. Most hospitals in China either have no nutrition department or are integrated with canteens. The so-called dietitians are mostly held by people who have no professional education, and can't play a role in participating in treatment and helping patients recover. Only a few large hospitals have nutritionists with formal professional education. According to a survey conducted by the Nutrition Society of China in 2002, only 47% of the 403 hospitals interviewed have nutrition departments, and more than half of them have no nutrition departments at all, let alone nutritionists. There are *** 1722 staff engaged in nutrition in the hospital, but only 392 people are qualified as nutritionists, accounting for only 22%. Only 142 hospital provides nutrition consultation for patients. A survey conducted in 1456 hospitals (with more than 2 10000 beds) in the mid-1980s showed that there were 6 13 nutrition professionals in these hospitals, of which only 62 were nutritionists with higher education. That is, about 2 hospitals have 1 nutrition professionals, and 23 hospitals have 1 nutritionists with higher nutrition education. According to the investigation of 10 provinces (regions) in China, the average number of people engaged in nutrition work in provincial epidemic prevention stations is 4, most of whom are mainly engaged in food hygiene supervision, and nutrition work is part-time, while there are no full-time nutritionists in prefecture (city) and county epidemic prevention stations. According to the data of Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Quality Control Center, there are only more than 300 nutritionists at all levels who have passed the nutrition professional and technical qualification examination in Shanghai. Most of them are distributed in hospitals to serve special people, and few are for the general public. At present, there are only three nutritionists with formal qualifications in Xiamen, all of whom work in medical units. The hospitals that need nutritionists most are still like this, and the situation of canteens, hotels and schools can be imagined. There are nearly 600 star-rated hotels in Beijing, and there are countless other restaurants, large and small. However, few restaurants have full-time nutritionists. 138 the number of chefs in foreign-related star-rated hotels and restaurants in China is 1884, including 8 food nutritionists and 0/62 part-time junior nutritionists. It is urgent to equip a large number of nutritionists to guide consumers to eat scientifically. There are basically no full-time nutritionists in most kindergartens, schools, student nutrition lunch companies and communities in China. At present, the nutritionists of professional sports teams and athletes in various provinces and cities in China are not perfect and have not been included in the national sports development plan. According to the investigation of national sports teams and provincial sports teams in five provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China/kloc-0, China Nutrition Society, there are only six full-time nutritionists out of the total number of full-time athletes in China/kloc-0, 000, and most of them only distribute nutritional supplements, and seldom carry out regular nutrition publicity and education, scientific catering and individual nutrition guidance. Second, the dietitian employment field 1. Clinic nutritionist: usually working in a hospital, community fitness center or health care institution, responsible for diagnosing patients' nutritional problems, listing health care plans and supervising the effectiveness of dietary changes. 2, catering service management nutritionist: nutritionists join the catering service management industry, so that no matter three meals a day or snacks can be prepared and distributed safely, hygienically and cost-effectively. 3. Nutrition consultant: provide expert advice on nutrition, diet therapy and catering services for individuals, institutions and commercial organizations. Such nutritionists generally work in professional nutrition consulting institutions. 4. Public health nutritionist: working in the field of public health care and social services, he is responsible for understanding the nutritional needs of the public, confirming the nutritional problems in the community, proposing nutrition education projects and health promotion strategies, and providing information and consulting services to other public departments, experts and the public. 5. Dietitians in the business field: mostly serve food and drug companies and catering service providers. Nutritionists assist enterprises in research, give expert opinions on management and market, and urge enterprises to produce better food and nutritional products and put them on the market. 6. Research nutritionist: Usually working in universities, health care institutions and enterprises, responsible for making plans for research projects and implementing them. These projects can fundamentally improve the medical level and save the cost of catering services. Third, the specific work of a nutritionist A nutritionist is a professional who is engaged in nutrition guidance, dissemination of nutrition and food safety knowledge, and promotion of public health. The main work includes: evaluating, managing and guiding the nutritional status of human body; Evaluate, manage and guide dietary nutrition; Evaluate the nutrition of food and formula; Consultation and education of nutrition knowledge. Nutritionists can not only play an important role in publicity and education in the community, but also provide personalized education, consultation, guidance and other services for the catering industry, enterprise employees, white-collar workers, senior managers, athletes and families, and their employment scope can be found in any food-related field. At present, some hospitals or health management companies can make a complete nutritional assessment of people who come to the nutrition clinic, such as checking whether their height and weight are reasonable. Body composition analysis means that nutritionists use special instruments to detect and analyze whether the three indexes (water, fat and lean body weight, that is, musculoskeletal parts) that make up the human body are reasonable, so as to understand the characteristics of customers' daily diet. For people who are obviously "suspicious" or may suffer from certain diseases due to bad eating habits, nutritionists will advise them to do trace element determination and testing. The nutritional evaluation composed of these four steps is a whole, which is a very natural and coherent process for experienced nutritionists. The specific operation flow and inquiry can be deep or shallow, fine or rough, and maybe a few questions can complete this step. After completing the nutritional assessment, the nutritionist will prescribe a "prescription". "Prescription" is mostly a basic plan for the future diet, including specific suggestions on the basic composition of food, the number of meals, the time of meals, and the way of meals. The recipe will be redesigned according to the different reactions of each patient. Nutritionists do not treat diseases, but prevent them. They mainly instruct sub-healthy people how to take in nutrition. Most sub-healthy people need health care rather than treatment. Dietitians are professionals who are engaged in nutrition guidance, knowledge dissemination of nutrition and food safety, and promotion of public health. Mainly engaged in the work including the evaluation, management and guidance of human nutritional status; Evaluate, manage and guide dietary nutrition; Evaluate the nutrition of food and formula; Consultation and education of nutrition knowledge. The nutrition caterer is a compound talent, who should not only know nutrition, but also know how to cook, and is a profession based on mental skills. Known as the first health care doctor to protect people's health. Senior nutrition caterers and public nutritionists have the same job content. Occupation profile: In the United States, people who have obtained the qualification of dietitian can have the enviable high income and social status as doctors. Their employment direction is mainly catering and government canteens; Recommend health care products and be a private health care consultant. The employment direction of nutritionists and nutritionists in China is basically the same as that in the United States, and they have their positions in restaurants, food enterprises, health care products companies, institutions, organizations, communities, kindergartens and corporate canteens. Only nutritionists are qualified to recommend health food in the future. At the same time, the chef should complete the process of collocation, conditioning and adjustment of recipes under the guidance of nutritionists or nutritionists. In addition, public nutritionists can also run their own health clinics and be health consultants. At present, the gap between public dieticians and nutritionists in China is over 4 million. Health managers are health management professionals who are engaged in maintaining and promoting residents' health and monitoring, analyzing and evaluating public health and diseases. The main work includes collecting and managing residents' health information; Assess the health and disease risks of residents; Formulate a health promotion plan for residents; Health education and guidance for residents; Promote health knowledge, carry out health consultation and safeguard residents' health; Research and development of health management technology; Evaluate the effectiveness of the application of health management technology. Occupational introduction: Health management not only pays attention to the treatment of diseases, but more importantly, the prevention of diseases; Health management can not only promote the health of residents, but also save a lot of money. According to the report of the World Health Organization, 1/3 human diseases can be avoided through preventive health care, 1/3 diseases can be effectively controlled through early detection, and 1/3 diseases can improve the treatment effect through effective communication of information. In terms of medical expenses, after more than 20 years of research in the United States, the conclusion is "90% and 10%". In other words, after 90% of people and enterprises passed health management, the medical expenses dropped to the original 10%. 10% of individuals and enterprises did not do health management, and the medical expenses increased by 90% compared with the original. In the United States, 7 out of every 65,438+00 Americans enjoy health management services. In China, health management has just started, and it is a sunrise industry. At present, there are only a few professional health management institutions in Chinese mainland, most of which are affiliated departments of hospitals and physical examination centers. The number of occupational health managers accounts for only two ten thousandths of the total number. With the acceleration of population aging, the extension of life expectancy and the rise of chronic diseases, people's demand for health maintenance and improvement will increase day by day. The traditional medical service model can no longer meet the needs of development. The emerging health management industry will have a very broad development prospect. Fourth, the income of nutritionists in the United States, nutrition and health professionals are very popular, and it is not easy to obtain the qualifications of nutrition and health professionals. However, once you have the qualification, you can have an enviable high income and social status like a doctor. There are three main directions for the employment of nutrition hygienists in the future: guarding the canteen of catering units or units, being a health care nutrition salesman and being a private nutrition health care consultant. Sun Chu is currently working as a nutritionist in a gym in Beijing and a part-time personal nutrition consultant for two regular customers. Part-time private nutrition consultants only help customers make menus for one week a week, or take a diet plan in line with the medical process for customers' physical discomfort at a certain period, or do some food supplement work in the season when tonic is needed. Plus his salary in the gym, Sun Chu can earn at least 6,000 yuan a month. "What I do is part-time. If I specialize in being a personal dietitian for some people, my income will be similar to their personal trainer. A private dietitian I know bought a car after working for a year. " Sun Chu said. National Nutrition Regulations are expected to be promulgated. According to the regulations, only nutrition hygienists are qualified to recommend health food in the future, and every community will be equipped with nutrition hygienists to carry out health intervention for every household. From the perspective of market supply and demand, it is inevitable that nutritionists will be popular. (China Industrial * * Nutritionist Training Network, Xuelang. com's "China Nutrition and Health Care Professionals have Broad Employment Prospects" and "China Nutritionists' Present Situation, Needs and Development Prospects")