People's Republic of China (PRC) industry standard

Design standard of urban public toilets

(CJJ 14-2005 J 476-2005)

1 general rules

1.0. 1 This standard is formulated to make the design, construction and management of urban public toilets meet the requirements of urban development and meet the needs of urban residents and floating population.

1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design of various public toilets in cities.

1.0.3 The construction of public toilets should be included in the detailed planning according to the requirements of the overall urban planning and urban environmental sanitation facilities planning.

1.0.4 urban public toilets should gradually establish a layout pattern of urban public toilets with fixed public toilets as the main part, mobile public toilets as the supplement, and public toilets along the street as the opening to the outside world; Attached public toilets should be the main direction of modern urban public toilets construction; The environmental sanitation administrative department shall reserve a certain number of portable toilets to meet the demand for auxiliary facilities for large-scale activities.

1.0.5 The design of public toilets shall comply with this standard.

2 terminology

2.0. 1 public toilet (toilet) WC, public toilet, washroom and lounge.

Toilets set on both sides of roads or in public places.

2.0.2 Independent public toilets Independent public toilets.

Public toilets not attached to other buildings.

2.0.3 Attached public toilets

Public toilets attached to other buildings.

2.0.4 Handicapped toilets

Toilets for the elderly, the disabled and the disabled.

2.0.5 Mobile public toilets (mobile toilets)

Portable public toilets.

2.0.6 Fixed public toilets.

Public toilets that cannot be moved for use.

Single public toilet

A portable public toilet with only one set of sanitary ware.

2.0.8 Assembling mobile combined public toilets

A movable public toilet is composed of a plurality of single toilets.

2.0.9 Towed toilets Towed-mobile public toilets.

Other vehicles are pulled to the mobile public toilet at the place of use.

Bus public toilet

Mobile public toilets that can be driven to the place of use.

2.0. 1 1 toilet

A toilet flushed with water.

2.0. 12 toilet, and the bathroom is in the bathroom.

A room or building used for defecation and washing and equipped with corresponding sanitary facilities.

3 design rules

3. 1 General provisions

3. 1. 1 The design of public toilets should be people-oriented and conform to the principles of civilization, hygiene, applicability, convenience, water saving and deodorization.

3. 1.2 The appearance and color design of public toilets should be in harmony with the environment and pay attention to aesthetics.

3. 1.3 The plane design of public toilets should reasonably arrange sanitary ware and the use space of sanitary ware, and fully consider the configuration of barrier-free passages and barrier-free facilities.

3. 1.4 public toilets should be divided into three types: independent, attached and mobile. The design and construction of public toilets should be carried out according to the location and service objects of public toilets and the design requirements of corresponding categories.

3. 1.5 Independent public toilets should be divided into three categories according to the building category. All kinds of public toilets shall meet the following requirements:

1 A class of public toilets should be provided in areas with high environmental requirements, such as commercial areas, important public facilities, important transportation and passenger facilities, and public green spaces;

2. Secondary public toilets should be set along urban primary and secondary roads and roads with large pedestrian flow;

3 other streets and areas should be equipped with three types of public toilets.

3. 1.6 The attached public toilets shall be divided into two categories according to the building category. All kinds of public toilets shall meet the following requirements:

1 Large shopping malls, restaurants, exhibition halls, airports, railway stations, theaters, large stadiums, comprehensive commercial buildings, provincial and municipal hospitals, etc. should be set up.

Set up a class of public toilets;

2. General shopping malls (including supermarkets), professional service institutions, stadiums, restaurants, guest houses and district-level hospitals should be equipped with secondary public facilities.

Toilet.

3. 1.7 mobile toilets can be divided into five categories according to their structural characteristics and service objects: assembled toilets, single toilets, car toilets, towed toilets and barrier-free toilets.

3. 1.8 Public toilets should appropriately increase the construction area and the number of toilet seats for women. The ratio of male squatting (sitting, standing) position to female squatting (sitting) position in toilet should be 1: 1 ~ 2: 3. The appropriate ratio of independent public toilets is 1: 1, and that of public toilets in commercial areas is 2:3.

3.2 Setting of sanitary facilities

3.2. 1 The number of toilet sanitary facilities in public * * * places shall be determined according to the provisions in Table 3.2. 1.

3.2.2 The number of public toilets in shopping malls, supermarkets and commercial streets shall be determined according to the provisions in Table 3.2.2:

3.2.3 The sanitary facilities of public toilets in restaurants, coffee shops, snack bars, fast food restaurants and teahouses shall be determined according to Table 3.2.3:

3.2.4 Number of public toilets such as stadiums, exhibition halls, theaters and concert halls. It shall be determined according to Table 3.2.4:

3.2.5 The number of sanitary facilities for public toilets in hotels (guest houses) shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.2.5:

3.2.6 The number of sanitary facilities in airports, railway stations, buses (electricity) and long-distance bus stations, subway stations, urban light rail stations, transportation hub stations, rest areas in expressway, comprehensive service buildings and public toilets in service units shall be determined according to the provisions in Table 3.2.6:

3.2.7 The number of sanitary facilities for employees in offices, shopping malls, factories and other public buildings shall be determined according to the provisions in Table 3.2.7:

3.3 Design regulations

3.3. 1 The plane design of public toilets should be divided into toilet room, urinal room and bathroom room, and each room should have independent functions. The urinal should not be set in the open air. Yin and Yang channels should be set at the entrance of the bathroom to block the walls or objects. Each bathroom should have an independent unit space, and the distance between the partition and the door separating the unit space and the ground should be greater than 100mm and less than 150 mm, and the height between the partition and the door and the ground: for Class I and Class II public toilets, it should be greater than 10.8m, and for Class III public toilets, it should be greater than1.5m.. Independent urinal stations should have a height.

3.3.2 The urinals in public toilets should be mainly squat toilets, and a certain proportion of toilets should be set for the elderly and the disabled. Urine and urine should be washed by automatic sensing or foot switch flushing device. The hand washing faucet and hand sanitizer in the bathroom should use non-contact appliances, and should be equipped with a dryer or disposable paper towels. The gate should be able to open in two directions.

3.3.3 The service scope of public toilets should be clearly marked. All the necessary basic facilities must be complete. The layout of the bathroom should concentrate the ancillary facilities such as pipes and ventilation in a separate aisle. Toilet design should adopt appliances with reliable performance, low failure rate and convenient maintenance.

3.3.4 The internal space layout of public toilets should be reasonable, and the lighting coefficient or artificial lighting should be increased. Toilets should be arranged reasonably according to the space occupied by human activities. By adjusting the installation position and mode of flushing pipe and sewer pipe, the front and rear spaces are ensured to meet the provisions of Section 3.4 of this standard. A class of public toilets should be equipped with heating in winter and air conditioning in summer.

3.3.5 Public toilets should adopt advanced, reliable and convenient water-saving sanitary equipment. The water-saving function of sanitary ware in public toilets should conform to the current industry standard "Water-saving Household Water Appliances" CJ 164. The toilet should use a flushing system with a water consumption of 6L each time. After biological treatment or chemical treatment, the treated water quality of public toilets washed with reclaimed water must meet the requirements of the current national standard "Urban Sewage Reuse and Urban Miscellaneous Water Quality" GB/T 18920.

3.3.6 The ventilation mode of public toilets should be reasonably arranged, and the air exchange rate of each toilet seat should not be less than 40m3/h, and the air exchange rate of each urinal should not be less than 20m3/h, and natural ventilation should be given priority. When the ventilation is insufficient, mechanical ventilation should be increased. The ventilation frequency of mechanical ventilation should reach more than 3 times /h, and when mechanical ventilation is set, the vent should be set above the squatting (sitting and standing) position1.75m.. The urinal shall be a front flush squatting pan with water seal function, and the urinal shall be a semi-trailer bucket. When conditions permit, the ventilation mode of single bathroom exhaust can be adopted. The odor in the use of public toilets should meet the requirements of the current national standards, Hygienic Standard for Urban Public Toilets GB/T 172 17 and Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants GB 14554.

3.3.7 The plane priority size (inner surface size) of the toilet should be selected according to Table 3.3.7.

3.3.8 The walls of public toilets must be smooth and easy to clean. The ground must be paved with anti-seepage and anti-skid materials.

3.3.9 The ratio of the ventilation and lighting area of the building to the ground area of the public toilet shall not be less than 1:8. Skylights can be added when the side windows of the external wall cannot meet the requirements. French windows can be added to the south.

3.3. 10 km * * The indoor clear height of toilet should be 3.5~4. Om (it can be lowered appropriately when installing the sunroof). The elevation of indoor terrace should be 0. 15m higher than that of outdoor terrace. If the septic tank is built indoors or underground, the ground elevation shall be determined by the septic tank drain. When cast iron drainage pipes are used, the pipeline slope shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.3. 10.

3.3. 1 1 each toilet seat is1.00 ~1.50m long and 0.85 ~1.20m wide, and each urinal station (including urinals) is 0.75m deep and 0.70m wide. The distance between independent urinals should be 0.70 ~ 0.80m.

3.3. 12 The width of the aisle for opening the door outside the single-row toilet seat in the bathroom should be 1.30m, and should not be less than 1. OOm； The aisle width of double-row toilets should be 1.50 ~ 2. 10m.

3.3. 13 The toilet seats in various public toilets should not be exposed out of the sight of the toilet, and there should be partitions between the toilet seats.

3.3. 14 trough toilet should have a trough depth, a trough bottom width and an upper width of not less than 0.40m, 0. 15m and 0.20 ~ 0.25 m respectively.

3.3. 15 public toilets must be provided with hand basins. Each toilet seat in public toilets should be provided with a firm and corrosion-resistant hook.

3.3. 16 The minimum height from the window sill of a single-story public toilet to the indoor floor should be1.80m; ; The minimum height between the upper windowsill and the ground of double-decked public toilets should be1.50m.

3.3. 17 When the number of toilet seats in men's and women's toilets exceeds 20 respectively, it is advisable to set up double entrances and exits.

3.3. 18 The area of toilet management room should be 4 ~ 1~2m2, and the area of tool room should be 1~2m2.

3.3. 19 Men's toilets with slots, and men's and women's toilets should be flushed in separate slots. When the sink is used together, it must be flushed from the men's toilet to the women's toilet.

3.3.20 When building multi-storey public toilets, barrier-free toilets should be located on the ground floor.

3.3.2 1 The male and female entrances and exits of public toilets must be clearly marked with gender, and should be set on a fixed wall.

3.3.22 Public toilets should have anti-fly and anti-mosquito facilities.

3.3.23 In places with high requirements, public toilets can be equipped with a third toilet. The third bathroom should be set up independently, and should have special signs and instructions.

3.4 Layout of Sanitary Ware

3.4. 1 Public toilets should reasonably arrange various space sizes of sanitary wares in use, and the space size can be expressed by its projection size on the plane. The legend used in the design of public toilets shall be as shown in Figure 3.4. 1.

3.4.2 The clean use space of public toilets shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.4.2.

3.4.3 The space required for the design of sanitary ware in public toilets shall conform to the provisions in Figure 3.4.3- 1 ~ Figure 3.4.3-5.

3.4.4 Access space should be the space needed to enter a sanitary ware without affecting other sanitary ware users. The width of the passage space should not be less than 600 mm.

3.4.5 In the toilet compartment and toilet room, necessary barrier-free circular space should be provided for human body to enter, exit and turn around, and the space diameter should be 450mm (Figure 3.4.5). Barrier-free circular space can be represented by the largest circle drawn within the opening range of toilets, adjacent facilities and doors.

3.4.6 The luggage space should be set in the bathroom compartment. Its size should adapt to the style of luggage. The toilet compartments in railway stations, airports and shopping centers should provide luggage storage areas of 900mm×350mm, and should not occupy the use space of toilets. The toilet should be installed near the door hinge, and the distance between the axis of the toilet and the closed wall should not be less than 400mm (Figure 3.4.6- 1, 3.4.6-2).

3.4.7 A gap of not less than 65 mm shall be left between adjacent sanitary wares to facilitate cleaning (Figure 3.4.7).

3.4.8 In every possible combination form of sanitary ware, the largest part of the use space occupied by one sanitary ware by another adjacent sanitary ware can be increased to 1OOmm. The plane combination can be set according to the specified data (Figure 3.4.8).

3.4.9 Toilets with toilets should be equipped with washbasins. The size of the bathroom room should be determined according to the installation of sanitary ware, the width of the door and the opening direction. The barrier-free circular space of 45Omm should not be occupied by overlapping use space. The distance between the axis of sanitary ware and the adjacent wall surface should not be less than 400 mm. Where there is a toilet compartment, the use space of 800mm wide and 600mm deep should be set for toilets and water tanks, and the space for installing toilet paper racks, clothes hooks and garbage disposal boxes should be prepared (Figure 3.4.8).

3.5 Installation of sanitary facilities

3.5. 1 Before the installation of sanitary facilities, the positions and sizes of all openings shall be checked to ensure the consistency of pipelines and construction technology.

3.5.2 Before transporting sanitary equipment, the storage place should be cleaned and fenced to avoid damaging the equipment. Ensure the safety of all equipment and sanitary ware during transportation, and check faucets, pipes and plates. Before installation, the equipment and sanitary ware should be stored centrally.

3.5.3 During installation, the equipment shall be protected to avoid damaging the enamel and electroplated surface.

3.5.4 Before equipment installation, water supply and drainage pipes shall be installed, and the water supply and drainage pipes shall be kept unimpeded.

3.5.5 Pipes and other products shall not be used as accessories for supporting and fixing sanitary facilities. Screws should be made of metal or stainless steel, and brackets and supports should be treated with corrosion and rust prevention. Support should be installed firmly. When sanitary facilities are fixed on the ground, the fixed ground part should be flat. The facilities on the support shall be fixed to the wall.

3.5.6 When installing partition board (door frame) in the bathroom, the lower part should be firmly connected with the ground, and the upper part should be firmly connected with the wall (not less than two walls) (indirectly connected with metal components). Door frames should not be fixed and positioned with partition boards.

3.5.7 Sanitary facilities should be easy to clean after installation. The bench top of the squatting pan should be higher than the side of the squatting pan, with a slope of 0.0 1 ~ 0.05438+05. When sanitary facilities are adjacent to the ground or wall, the adjacent parts should be sealed.

3.5.8 When installing the pipeline, the water in the bathroom should not be directly connected. Hand washing water must be introduced from Sheung Shui alone, and it is forbidden to use circulating water to wash hands.

4 independent public toilet design

4.0. 1 Independent public toilets should take comprehensive measures to improve their internal functions and coordinate their appearance with the environment.

4.0.2 The construction of independent public toilets in busy areas, key areas, important streets, main roads, public activity areas and residential areas shall conform to the current national standard "Code for Planning of Urban Environmental Sanitation Facilities" GB 50337. Independent public toilets of different types and sizes should be built according to the importance of the area and the passenger flow. Public toilets in bungalow residential areas that do not meet the requirements of this standard should be transformed in batches.

4.0.3 The classification and requirements of independent public toilets shall comply with the provisions in Table 4.0.3.

4.0.4 The exterior of independent public toilets should be shaded by greening to beautify the environment.

4.0.5 Design parameters such as walkways and doors for barrier-free design of independent public toilets. Class I and II public toilets are designed according to the wheelchair length 1200mm and width of 800mm. The barrier-free toilet should have a wheelchair swing space of 1500mm× 1500mm. Barrier-free design requirements of independent public toilets should comply with the current industry standard "Code for Barrier-free Design of Urban Roads and Buildings" (JGJ 50).

4.0.6 The urinals in Class III public toilets should not be provided with platforms. The urinal should be below the indoor ground, and the slope of the ground should be well done. The urinal station should be paved with non-slip blind bricks in the vertical direction (relative to the urinal direction).

4.0.7 A waterproof elbow or airtight connecting well with a diameter of φ 150 ~ φ 300 mm should be set at the excrement outlet. The floor drain must have a water seal and a gas blocking and deodorizing device, and a water seal elbow should be set at the washbasin. Septic tanks should be equipped with exhaust pipes, which lead directly to independent pipes in the wall for outdoor high-altitude discharge. Pipes should not leak and should be treated with anti-corrosion. The odor separator should be used in the third-class public toilets, and a vertical exhaust passage should be set behind the defecation trough to lead the odor gas to high altitude.

4.0.8 In the design and construction of underground toilets, we should fully understand the present situation of underground structures and municipal pipelines in the site, and pay attention to the suction, deodorization and natural lighting of fecal liquid. When sewage cannot be directly discharged into municipal pipelines, septic tanks must be set up and equipped with sewage pump lifting equipment, and the lifting equipment should have spare parts. The design appearance of underground toilets shall not affect the overall landscape.

4.0.9 The floor, squatting platform, urinal and dado of public toilets shall be made of impermeable materials. The ground should have a slope of 0.0 1 ~ 0.0 15, and a drainage ditch or floor drain should be set. The slope direction should not make the washing wastewater flow out of the room.

4.0. 10 The ventilation design of independent public toilets shall meet the following requirements:

1 The longitudinal axis of the toilet should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction in summer, and the attack of solar radiation and summer rainstorm should be considered comprehensively.

2 the opening angle of doors and windows should be increased to improve the ventilation effect of the bathroom;

3 the width of overhangs should be increased to guide air into the room;

4 when opening the skylight, it is advisable to add a windshield on the outside of the skylight to ensure the ventilation effect;

5. It is suggested to increase the exhaust duct.

4.0. 1 1 Independent public toilets in cold areas should be insulated and protected against cold.

4.0. 12 heat preservation measures should be taken for windows and cold bridges and parts with abnormal heat transfer around them:

1 Reduce the window area and improve the thermal insulation performance of the window while meeting the requirements of lighting and ventilation. You can use double windows or even triple windows in cold areas.

Windows;

2 In the envelope, thermal insulation materials should be attached to the outside of the cold bridge components.

4.0. 13 Septic tank (septic tank) wall and bottom should be waterproof, and the tank cover must be firm (especially where it is possible to drive) and tightly closed. Inspection wells and dung suction ports should not be located in low-lying places to prevent rain soaking. Septic tanks (septic tanks) should be located in places where people don't often stay and move, and should be close to roads to facilitate the suction of cleaning vehicles. The distance between septic tank and underground water source and water intake structure shall not be less than 30m, and the distance between septic tank wall and other buildings shall not be less than 5m.

4.0. 14 Septic tank volume shall comply with the provisions of Table 4.0. 14.

4.0. 15 Feces cannot enter the public toilets of municipal drainage system, and septic tanks should be set up. The volume of septic tank shall be calculated according to the following formula:

4.0. 16 * * The discharge mode of toilet manure should give priority to the way of directly discharging into the municipal sewage pipeline, and then consider the way of discharging into the municipal sewage pipeline after fermentation and precipitation in septic tanks. When the conditions for discharging into the municipal sewage pipeline are not met, a septic tank shall be set up and pumped by a septic tank truck.

4.0. 17 The openings leading to the outside of the toilet, such as ventilation holes and drainage ditches, should be fortified with rat iron fences.

5. Design of attached public toilets

5.0. 1 service departments and public facilities such as shopping malls (including supermarkets), restaurants, exhibition halls, theaters, stadiums, airports, railway stations, subways, etc. must build affiliated public toilets of corresponding scale and quantity according to their passenger flow.

5.0.2 The attached toilet shall not affect the function of the main building, and shall be provided with separate entrances and exits leading directly to the outdoor.

5.0.3 The public service units in the built main business districts and main streets should rebuild a sufficient number of attached toilets and open them to customers.

5.0.4 The classification and requirements of attached public toilets shall comply with the provisions in Table 5.0.4.

5.0.5 The setting of public toilets attached to foreign-related window units such as hotels, restaurants, large shopping places, airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations shall meet the first-class public toilet standards.

5.0.6 The public toilets attached to the stadium should be constructed or reconstructed according to the second-class and above standards.

5.0.7 The attached public toilets shall be easy to find. The entrance to the bathroom should not be set in crowded places and stairwells to avoid mutual interference. Shopping mall toilets should be located at the entrance floor, and other floors can be selected for large shopping malls. The layout of bathrooms in super-large shopping malls should be convenient for shoppers in all parts.

5.0.8 The attached public toilets shall be equipped with sanitary facilities according to the nature of the building. The configuration of sanitary facilities shall conform to the provisions in Tables 3.2.2 ~ 3.2.7 of this standard. The building area of women's toilets in shopping malls should be twice that of men's toilets, and the number of women's toilets should be 0.5 times that of 65438+ men's toilets.

6. Design of mobile public toilets

6.0. 1 The design of portable public toilets shall meet the following requirements:

1 It shall be convenient for mobile storage, installation and disassembly;

2. There should be general or special means of transport and vehicles for collecting and transporting excrement;

3. The connection with external facilities should be quick and simple;

4 color and appearance should be able to coordinate with various environments;

5 the use function should be sanitary, water-saving and odor-proof.

6.0.2 The categories and requirements of mobile public toilets shall comply with the provisions in Table 6.0.2.

6.0.3 The total width of the assembled toilet shall not be greater than the width of the chassis of the transport vehicle, the height of the box shall not be greater than 2.5m, and the total height during transportation shall not be greater than 4. Om to ensure good passing performance during transportation after loading.

6.0.4 The toilet box of mobile toilet should be made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, plastic and other materials. When the steel plate is made, asphalt oil should be used for anticorrosion treatment. The dung box should be provided with a dung suction port which is convenient for dung suction, and its aperture should be greater than φ φ160mm; ; And should set up a dung mouth, the aperture should be greater than φ 75 mm ... The dung box should have an exhaust pipe, which leads directly to the high place for outdoor discharge.

6.0.5 The water tank of the portable toilet should be provided with a water inlet or water pipe which is convenient for adding water, and the inner diameter of the water pipe is 25mm.

6.0.6 The sewer pipe of the washbasin in the portable toilet should have a water seal device.

6.0.7 Water-free toilet flushing should properly transport, consume and dispose of feces, and it is forbidden to pour feces into garbage disposal station.

Design of barrier-free facilities in public toilets

7.0. 1 Barrier-free facilities in public toilets shall be designed and constructed synchronously with public toilets.

7.0.2 In existing buildings, barrier-free toilet seats or toilets should be built.

7.0.3 The design of barrier-free toilet seat or barrier-free toilet shall conform to the current industry standard "Code for Barrier-free Design of Urban Roads and Buildings" JGJ 50.