According to the technical level, it can be divided into chief nurses, deputy chief nurses, nurses in charge and nurses.
Head nurse: senior technical title of nursing staff. They should have undergraduate nursing level, rich clinical practice experience and scientific research achievements, carry out nursing theory, technology, scientific research and teaching, and have the task of improving nursing quality and developing nursing disciplines. Organize professional study of nurses, nurses and nursing students, draw up teaching plans, compile teaching materials, be responsible for teaching, and undertake clinical practice teaching of undergraduate and specialist nursing students at different levels; Good at summing up nursing experience, able to write nursing papers and translate; Assist the director of nursing department to strengthen the leadership of nursing work in the whole hospital.
Deputy chief nurse: the deputy senior technical title of nursing staff. Its responsibilities and requirements are basically the same as those of the head nurse.
Nurse in charge: intermediate technical title of nursing staff. Check and supervise the work under the leadership of the director of nursing department or head nurse, solve the difficult problems of undergraduate nursing business, cooperate with the head nurse to organize undergraduate nurses and nurses to carry out business study, compile teaching materials and give lectures, assist in organizing clinical practice of junior college and technical secondary school nursing students, assist the head nurse to formulate undergraduate scientific research plans and guide undergraduate nurses and nurses to carry out scientific research work.
Nurse: It is equivalent to a specialist nurse. Those who graduated from general nursing college, undergraduate or technical secondary school for more than 5 years have been trained to reach the above level. Under the leadership of the head nurse in the ward and the guidance of the undergraduate nurse in charge, participating in the clinical nursing work in the ward and guiding the nurses to carry out professional and technical operations can lead the nurses to complete the clinical practice of nursing difficulties, new businesses and new technologies; To undertake nursing teaching in technical secondary schools, take nursing students as interns, participate in scientific research in undergraduate departments, and write scientific research papers and work summaries.
Nurse: Intermediate health personnel with secondary nursing education, knowledge and skills of basic nursing and general specialist nursing, and certain health prevention ability. Mainly in hospitals and other medical prevention institutions as a variety of nursing work, cooperate with doctors to perform treatment and nursing, or be responsible for general medical care and health and epidemic prevention work in the lot.
Shortage of nurses
In order to reduce costs and increase economic benefits, some hospitals employ contract nurses with lower monthly salary, and the formal nurses are gradually replaced by contract nurses. Other hospitals don't even need temporary nurses, and patients have to pay for nurses. The resulting problem of "black care workers" has a strong social response.
Insufficient number and low quality of nurses have become a common problem in many hospitals. The Chinese Nursing Association revealed at the end of last year that there was a serious shortage of nurses in China, which even failed to meet the equipment standards 26 years ago. China ranks third in the world in the number of nurses per 1,000 population. According to the survey of more than 400 hospitals in China by the Ministry of Health, in some hospitals, day nurses are responsible for 15-20 patients on average, and nurses on public holidays, holidays and night shifts are responsible for 40-45 patients on average. Compared with the past, today's patients have a large amount of treatment, many treatment methods, and often high requirements, but even the standard of nurse allocation when the amount of care was low 26 years ago has not been reached. This contrast is really surprising.
Nurses serve patients. If patients add nurses but don't, it means that the service they get is diluted. Nowadays, more patients and fewer nurses mean less and less services. What nurses should provide is not a general service, but a part of medical treatment. The nurse's service to patients is very professional; Some ailments and patients' reactions can only be detected by professionally trained nurses, but not by family members and nurses. A serious shortage of nurses is likely to delay treatment and even lead to a big mistake. From this perspective, the shortage of nurses is not only a shortage of services, but also a hidden danger of medical quality.
In 2008, the State Council's Prime Minister Wen Jiabao signed the State Council Order No.517, promulgating the Nurses' Regulations. The regulations aim to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of nurses, standardize nursing behavior, promote the development of nursing, and ensure medical safety and human health. This regulation will take effect on May 6, 2008.
The regulations emphasize that the personal dignity and personal safety of nurses are inviolable. Nurses perform their duties according to law and are protected by law. The whole society should respect nurses.
Relevant departments of the State Council, local people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments, and township (town) people's governments shall take measures to improve the working conditions of nurses, ensure the treatment of nurses, strengthen the construction of nurses, and promote the healthy development of nursing.
The regulations stipulate that nurses who are in direct contact with toxic and harmful substances and are at risk of infectious diseases have the right to receive occupational health supervision in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; Those who suffer from occupational diseases have the right to compensation in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. Nurses working in hard and remote areas, or nurses who are in direct contact with toxic and harmful substances and are at risk of infectious diseases, shall be subsidized by their medical and health institutions in accordance with relevant state regulations.
According to the regulations, the number of nurses in medical and health institutions shall not be lower than the standard set by the health authorities in the State Council. Medical and health institutions that have not reached the standard of nurse establishment before the implementation of these Regulations shall follow the imitation implementation steps stipulated by the competent health department of the State Council and reach the standard of nurse establishment within three years from the date of implementation of these Regulations.
The regulations stipulate that those who disturb the medical order, hinder nurses from carrying out professional activities according to law, insult, threaten or beat nurses, or commit other acts that infringe on nurses' legitimate rights and interests shall be punished by public security organs in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
At the same time, the regulations clearly point out that if a nurse discovers that the patient is in critical condition and fails to immediately inform the doctor or disclose the patient's privacy, the competent health department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and give a warning according to the division of responsibilities; If the circumstances are serious, his practice activities of less than 6 months 1 year will be suspended until his nurse's practice certificate is revoked by the original issuing department. The competent health authorities of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall establish good and bad records of nurses' practice within their respective administrative areas, and input the records into the nurse practice information system.
Moral cultivation of nurses
The moral cultivation, moral belief and moral quality of nurses influence and determine the fundamental attitude of nurses towards nursing work and patients, and influence and restrict the behavior and work quality of nurses. Therefore, the purpose of nurses' self-cultivation is to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and constantly improve their spiritual world and improve themselves in their ordinary work.
1. Nurses' emotions and emotions
(1) Emotion is a reflection of people's inner world, and nurses' emotions are determined to have professional particularity because of their work, object and content. Nurses face patients who are troubled by diseases and suffer physically and mentally. Sometimes even relatives and friends are bored, but as a nurse, we should treat and care for patients with care, love and consideration. Nurses themselves are human beings, with their own joys and sorrows. However, the role of a nurse requires that once a nurse is on duty, she should learn to control her emotions, worry about the patient's anxiety and think about the patient's thoughts, and not affect the treatment and nursing effect of the patient because of the patient's unhappy emotions.
(2) Emotion is deep, stable, noble and complicated, and beautiful sentiment is the foundation of the soul.
2. Honesty and tolerance of nurses
(1) Honesty is a virtue that nurses should possess. This is because nurses usually treat and care for patients alone. Therefore, nurses should do their duty and follow the operating procedures at any time. Once an error occurs, never hide it and report it in time, and take measures to recover the loss as soon as possible. Although some nursing behavior of nurses is unknown or unknown to patients for a long time, they must never do anything harmful to patients' health. This is the objective requirement of the particularity of nursing profession for nurses' moral conscience. Therefore, nurses must have honest character under the guidance of professional ethics.
(2) Tolerance is the virtue of treating people. As a nurse, you should be broad-minded and tolerant. After the illness, the patient's psychology and physiology have changed. Due to mental and physical torture, his feelings and will have become very fragile, his words and deeds lack self-control, and he will even vent his resentment caused by his suffering on medical staff. Therefore, nurses should have the virtues of tolerance, understanding and patience. No matter what the situation, they should not have a direct conflict with the patient. Instead, we should start with considerate care, patiently persuade and convince patients, eliminate their bad emotions, and cooperate with medical staff to complete various treatments and nursing, so that patients can recover as soon as possible.