A: Ice and Snow World 2023 opening time:

December 25, 2022 trial operation, January 5, 2023, the opening day of the Ice and Snow Festival officially opened to the public.

Harbin Ice and Snow World, Harbin Sun Island Snow Expo, Harbin Zhao Lin Park Ice Lantern Garden Expo has become Harbin's business card winter ice and snow tourism, but also Harbin's most beautiful scenery in winter.

2. The current situation of ice and snow tourism survey

Winter after almost three months.

3. Analysis of the current situation of ice and snow tourism

The ice and snow industry is a special resource-based industry formed on the basis of the development of ice and snow resources, with a wide coverage and a huge industrial chain. In the future, this paper divides China's U.S. snow and ice industry into three major categories: snow and ice service industry, snow and ice supplies and related products manufacturing industry and snow and ice snow and snow field facilities construction industry.

Of these, the ice and snow service industry is the core of the ice and snow industry, mainly including ice and snow snow snowfield operations, ice and snow competition services, mass ice and snow sports and training, ice and snow tourism. Ice and snow service industry is a pyramid structure, both the top of the tower of the ice and snow elite competitive performances, but also the top of the tower of the general public of the ice and snow leisure movement.

The upstream of the ice and snow industry chain includes ice and snowfield construction, ice and snowfield equipment parts and components. The middle reaches mainly include ice and snow snowfield operation and management, ice and snow event services, mass ice and snow sports and training, and ice and snow tourism. The downstream reaches distribution and marketing channels, and ultimately reaches consumers who participate in ice and snow industry activities.

4. Status and Development of Ice and Snow Tourism

Advantages: abundant resources, high value, good geographical combination and cluster status. Unique subarctic coniferous forest belt, widely distributed, sparsely populated, is a wonder of magical adventure. Watch the bears that infest the Kamchatka Peninsula and capture beautiful moments; ice, ski races, skiing experience; examine the clarity of Lake Baikal; visit important industrial sites.

Disadvantages: the high latitude of North Asia, low temperatures, sparse population: therefore short travel time, lack of regional reception, fragile ecological environment.

5. Research on the current situation of ice and snow tourism development and countermeasures

The conditions for the development of ice and snow tourism in Zhangjiakou. First of all, Zhangjiakou has a short frost-free period, less than 90 days on the dam. Snowfall is great. It is a natural ice and snow resort. Ice and snow tourism development is unique.

The second is not far from Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, driving less than half a day. There is also high-speed rail, direct flights.

The legacy of the third Winter Olympics is unparalleled. The development of ice and snow tourism is the best choice.

6. Report on the Development of Ice and Snow Tourism

ChinaChina's traditional ice and snow sports culture has a long history, and is a fundamental part of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation.

Beijing and Zhangjiakou *** with the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, for the systematic and in-depth study and dissemination of China's American traditional ice and snow sports culture.

The 19th Party Congress report pointed out that culture is the soul of a country and a nation. Cultural prosperity, cultural strength. Without a high degree of cultural confidence and cultural prosperity, there is no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Taking the occasion of organizing the Winter Olympics, discussing China's basic situation and value for the development of China's traditional ice and snow sports culture to provide reference s ice and snow sports, spreading China to carry forward China's excellent traditional culture, expanding China's influence sports culture.

7. What are the new trends in the development of ice and snow tourism?

Taking culture as the pull and the Winter Olympics as the opportunity to promote the integration and development of ice and snow sports and other industries, to further improve the quality of services and product richness of ice and snow tourism, so that more consumers can get satisfaction from participating in ice and snow sports and ice and snow leisure, so as to provide a new impetus for the long-term sustainable development of the ice and snow economy.

Ice and snow tourism

The colder the weather, the hotter the ice and snow! Appreciate the snow scene in the freezing weather, feel the passion of snow and ice on skis, and experience the snow and ice culture in the land of snow and ice . In winter, people Americans' passion for ice and snow is once again recognized

According to the report released by the American Tourism Research Institute, although the scale of China's scale of China's ice and snow tourism continues to expand, but also presents some new features: first, the consumer content to a variety of forms of business to expand, ice and snow tourism and cultural tourism, sports tourism rapid integration; second, the ice and snow parks, ice and snow world and other tourism projects are more favored by consumers. Post-80s and post-90s have become the main force of ice and snow tourism consumption; third, consumers pay more attention to network evaluation when choosing ice and snow tourism destinations, and put forward higher requirements for the service level of scenic spots. According to the data released by Hornet's Nest Travel Network, in addition to the traditional popular destinations for ice and snow tourism such as Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, etc., the ice and snow tourism programs in Sichuan, Hunan, and Guangdong provinces are also widely popular.

In order to promote the healthy development of ice and snow tourism, recently, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, the State General Administration of Sports issued a "notice on the development of national ice and snow tourism publicity and promotional activities", which puts forward to further prosper and build the domestic winter ice and snow tourism market.

8. Status of Ice and Snow Tourism Development

The rapid development of China's ski tourism is attributed to the country's great achievements in world competitions at the beginning of skiing. People's awareness of the sport has increased, and popularizing skiing is the dream of most people!

9. The current situation of foreign snow and ice tourism research

First of all, in the development of tourism resources, emphasizing people-oriented. The resources on which tourism development depends are often closely related to local communities. How to make enterprises gain profits, communities gain income and governments gain tax revenue through the development of these tourism resources is a very tricky issue all over the world. Foreign investors often ignore locals Tourism revenues are concentrated in the hands of foreign investors and middlemen. On the other hand, tour operators sell a large number of non-local products, leading to a loss of income for the community and further losses to the local community economy. The village of Greenwald in Bern, Switzerland, is located at an altitude of 1,000 to 4,000 meters above sea level and covers an area of 100 square kilometers with more than 4,000 inhabitants. Tourism in this area has been developing for 200 years. studies since the 1970s have shown that perhaps tourism can develop independently in an area for 20 years, but it can only be sustainable if there is a real connection with the local population, which is why tourism in Grindelwald has continued to develop for 200 years - that is, because of the intrinsic connection between them. In other words, respecting the local population and involving the local community is an important manifestation of the people-centered approach in the sustainable development of tourism. Without a people-centered text, the development of tourism resources often faces an awkward situation that is difficult to sustain. There are many examples of respecting communities and putting people first in tourism development along the Alps. But at the same time, in this region, because of the large amount of foreign investment, some places cut off the local tourism industry from rural communities, leading to the decline and depression of tourism.

Focus on the accessibility and safety of a range of infrastructures such as tourism and transportation. Just like our country Switzerland focuses on the village to village highway, a railroad between countries. The public **** transportation system consisting of railroads, postal buses, sightseeing cable cars and cruise ships covers almost all cities and attractions in Switzerland. Trains depart and stop at precise times. The Train City, known as an integrated service center, provides visitors with a wide range of information and services regarding trains, buses and cruises in Switzerland. Visitors can book a train cabin or sleeper in other European countries, check in for boarding a return flight or checking in luggage, exchange currency, store luggage, rent bicycles and roller skates, and more. All trains are bright and colorful in appearance, making them fresh for visitors. The trains are smooth-running, with state-of-the-art facilities, soft and comfortable seats, air-conditioning and smoking and non-smoking areas. The coaches are equipped with TV, satellite positioning system and toilets. Tourists can ride conveniently and comfortably during long journeys. Large glass windows are often used, whether in trains, buses***s or cable cars, to ensure that tourists can easily enjoy the beautiful scenery along the road.

When it comes to tourist food and accommodation, the emphasis is on cleanliness, hygiene and comfort. Every hotel we stayed in, every restaurant we ate at, and stores were clean and tidy. Even some of the small restaurants can be appreciated for its deliciousness, especially the toilets. Many restaurant toilets, whether in the basement or on the floor or upstairs, we found the toilets not damp at all, brightly lit, clean and tidy inside, and odor free. The toilets had ashtrays, hand sanitizers, clean paper towels for wiping hands, and containers for storing dirty paper towels in appropriate places. This environment gives all toilet users a natural love and respect for the toilet. This is probably something that many star-rated hotels in China should learn from.

Also, while the Swiss model of panoramic sightseeing can be experienced to a greater or lesser extent in many places in China, what is different is its service. Panoramic sightseeing places are usually located in alpine areas. In such alpine regions, it is not enough to focus on the instant gratification of sightseeing. Therefore, in Switzerland, these places are appropriately equipped with warm and cozy dining facilities and indoor sightseeing facilities, so that one experiences the polar landscapes in such a way that one does not Idon't have the inhuman discomforts of loneliness and cold.

In international tourism services, it is important to emphasize transnational cultural studies and capacity building. Swiss tourism adhere to an open attitude, recognizing the differences between foreign and domestic cultures; articulate the differences between people different cultural backgrounds needs; emphasis on learning cross-cultural skills (skills), pay attention to whether or not there are special habits and preferences to take a different approach to hospitality. Swiss scholars believe that when traveling, we should always ask ourselves what our guests really want. We should take full account of the differences and characteristics between different cultures, in other words, we should be interested in other countries and take the initiative to study them. For example, when promoting tourism to China, Switzerland emphasizes the need to adapt measures to the interests of the Chinese people. Given the characteristics of the Chinese and Indians, the latter are more willing to spend money on accommodation, while the former are more willing to shop. So an example of this is the positioning of hotels that emphasizes on the comfort services of the hotel for Indian tourists, while for the Chinese the main emphasis is on the perfect features of the hotel.

Emphasis is placed on understanding and improving tourism services from the tourists' point of view. In the analysis of specific problems, it emphasizes the opinions of tourists and front-line tourism service providers on tourism, analyzes the root causes of the problems from a subtle point, researches countermeasures, and ensures that the tourism service improves the preference and satisfaction due to the tourists, and truly realizes the goal of humanization of tourism.

Emphasizing practitioners' passion and confidence in tourism services. Swiss counterparts believe that in the development of tourism, tourism practitioners and managers should have passion and confidence from the heart. Only in this way can guests understand and feel the passion of people in the destination from a human perspective, and can they really do well in tourism.

On the surface, the tourism products offered by different countries may be the same in terms of type and reception of tourists, but their specific processes and details are completely different, so tourists will have different feelings, and the key to these differences is the concept of people-centered and humanized service. As far as Sichuan is concerned, although we are committed to product development, we still lack too much in terms of tourism services compared to the demands of the international tourism market. Therefore, at present, while vigorously promoting inbound tourism in our province, we should fully study the transnational culture, study the needs and interests of international guests for services, improve the facilities, strengthen the details of tourism service interests, habits and international standards, and comprehensively improve the added value of tourism products to promote the sustainable development of ecotourism.

(This article was originally published in 2005 0755 to 79000)

--Responsive and innovative management is the fundamental means of sustainable development of tourism.

The environment is always changing, and tourism, as a particularly integrated industry, is always subject to social, political and military influences. Therefore, Switzerland and other European countries pay special attention to the cultivation of tourism emergency management capacity in tourism development for possible situations. Emergency management is not only the management of emergencies, but also a response to the development trend of tourism. The Swiss counterparts believe that any change may be an opportunity for the tourism industry, a re-examination and judgment of the past. For example, in the first half of 2005, the Lucerne region of Switzerland experienced flooding. At the same time, Switzerland's tourism industry could have been affected by the consequences of the floods if we had been able to if we had not taken appropriate measures and managed the emergency. Therefore, when the flood water stayed in Lucerne for almost a week, the tourism sector and the Lucerne government actively took appropriate measures to cope with the situation. They carried out a number of water-watching and other program activities on the one hand, and on the other hand, they publicized the proper flood handling and dynamics to the public, which achieved the desired purpose.

Switzerland is a country with a long history of tourism and a relatively stable tourism industry. Change management does not seem to be the most urgent for the Swiss tourism industry. However, it is due to their mature tourism development and management that they have developed emergency management capabilities. For Sichuan, how to vigorously expand the international tourism market in the historical period of economic globalization is the new change management facing Sichuan ecotourism. We will further study the comprehensive environment and future development of Sichuan tourism in conjunction with this Swiss study tour.

It is a tourism resource.

1. The highest mountain range in Europe is the Alps, with an average elevation of about 3,000 m. The mountains above 4,000 m are covered with huge glaciers, presenting a polar landscape. It is a world-famous resort, mountaineering, skiing and tourism. Located in the Alps, the country develops tourism by utilizing the available resources according to the local conditions and attracts many tourists.

2. Norway, located in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, has a coastline of about 20,000 kilometers and numerous fjords. It is the country with the longest and most winding coastline in the world. Glacial action formed by the fjords narrow and deep, some deep into the land a few kilometers, dozens of kilometers, and even one or two hundred kilometers. There are many cliffs on both sides, towering into the clouds, becoming scenic tourist areas and natural harbors.

3. Most of Western Europe has a temperate oceanic climate, but on the Mediterranean coast, it is a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Therefore, in the summer, the beaches along the Mediterranean coast are a good place for people to spend their vacations.

1/3s of Norway is within the Arctic Circle, and the night from May 18 to July 14 each year is eternal day. Every day at midnight, a fireball just falls on the horizon, immediately rises and emits dazzling light, attracting countless domestic and foreign tourists to watch the midnight sun, so Norway is known as the midnight sun countryside.

Iceland is an island country in northwestern Europe. About 80 kilometers east of its capital Reykjavik, there is the famous Rockall Geyser. (Show picture) It sprays several times an hour and lasts about 4-10 minutes each time. Whenever it sprays, hot water gushes out of a hole (about 3 meters in diameter) in the pond in a blue-green color. Then, with a loud bang, bubbles tumble up and a column of boiling water shoots straight up into the air more than 22 meters high. The steam spreads and hisses, then the water jet subsides until the next eruption.

1. Notre Dame de Paris: Notre Dame de Paris is located on the ?le de la Cité in the Seine River. It is a typical Gothic church that pioneered a new style in the history of European architecture. It is considered one of the greatest artistic masterpieces of France. The entire building is built of stone, as the French writer Victor Hugo described Notre Dame de Paris famously: a symphony of megaliths. The front of Notre Dame is cubic, angular and solemn. It can be divided into three levels from top to bottom. At the bottom, there are three peach-shaped doorways side by side, and the arc around them consists of several long series of reliefs that either represent stories from The Green House of Heaven or scenes from Hell. The main entrance to Notre Dame Cathedral is a rectangular basilica. The main nave of the cathedral is taller than the outbuildings on either side. A spire towers 90 meters high. The tower also has a prismatic spire with a slender cross at the top, as if connected to the distant sky. The inner hall is 130 meters long and 50 meters wide and can accommodate thousands of wooden chairs. For centuries, Notre Dame de Paris has been the site of performances of important events and ceremonies in the religious, political and public **** life of France. Because Notre Dame de Paris is unlike any other attraction and is free to visit, tourists from home and abroad flock to the city. (II)

2. Ancient Rome Colosseum: one of the world's seven great attractions, located in the south of the Venice Square in Rome, Italy. It is the most outstanding representative of ancient Roman architecture, is the symbol of the ancient Roman Empire. The Colosseum was built in the 1st century A.D. to commemorate the victory of the destruction of Jerusalem, forcing 80,000 Jewish prisoners to do eight years of hard labor. It is recorded that after its completion, *** 5,000 lions, tigers and other ferocious beasts and 3,000 gladiators made up of slaves, prisoners and criminals continued to perform here for 100 days. The building covers an area of 20,000 square meters, with a circumference of 527 meters, an outer diameter of 188 meters, an inner diameter of 156 meters, and a wall height of 57 meters, and can accommodate 87,000 spectators. The arena is built of light yellow boulders and is divided into four levels. Levels one through three were decorated with semi-exposed columns with an arch between every two columns. The fourth level consisted of rectangular windows and rectangular semi-exposed square columns, much like a modern oval playground, with multi-tiered bleachers. Today, after nearly 2,000 years of erosion by wind, snow, rain and dew, half of the walls have collapsed, but the surrounding bleachers are quite well preserved. (II)

3. Mermaid Bronze Statue: a famous bronze statue in Denmark, regarded as the symbol of Denmark. Mermaid bronze statue stands in Copenhagen harbor. And the human body is about the same size, with beautiful long hair, slightly shy face, deep love eyes. She stares at the sea all day long, waiting for something. It was sculpted after the heroine of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale. s Fairy Tales of the Bible. The perfect artistic image of the mermaid and the charm of Hans Christian Andersen's American fairy tale attracts thousands of tourists every year.

4. Eiffel Tower: The Eiffel Tower stands on the banks of the Seine and is the symbol of Paris. The tower was built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution at a cost of over one million dollars. and was named after its designer, Gustave Eiffel. The Tower is not only a famous attraction, but also an interesting place for entertainment. About 3.5 million people climb the Tower every year. The whole tower is divided into three floors. Each floor has a large platform surrounded by a high railing. The heights of the platforms are 57 meters, 115 meters and 276 meters. There are restaurants, stores and theaters on the platforms. There is also an audio-visual exhibition hall. Visitors can enjoy film and television programs introducing the history and architectural features of the tower, as well as panoramic views of Paris from the third floor platform. The tower has been the center of French radio and television broadcasting since the 1950s and is currently one of the tallest wireless transmission towers in the world.

5. The Leaning Tower of Pisa: The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a bell tower attached to the Cathedral of Pisa. Its construction began in 1174 and was completed in 1350. It is an eight-story cylindrical building. The tower is 54.5 meters high and the walls are about 4 meters thick at the bottom and more than 2 meters thick at the top. They are made entirely of marble and weigh 14,200 tons. This was the template for Roman architecture. The tower tilted when it was built to the third level due to careless foundations. When it was built, the center of the top of the tower was off the vertical centerline by 2.1 m. For more than 600 years, the tower continued to tilt slowly, hence the name Leaning Tower. Why the Leaning Tower of Pisa is famous: It is said that in 1590, the great Italian physicist Galileo performed a famous free-fall experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, causing tourists from all over the world to flock to the Leaning Tower to catch a glimpse of it. To protect the ancient tower, it has been closed since January 1990 and visitors can only look up from the outside, not climb the tower.

6. Louvre: The Louvre is a French art museum located on the banks of the Seine River in the center of Paris. Originally a medieval castle, after the 16th century many times remodeling and expansion, the 18th century to form the current scale. With more than 400,000 pieces of art treasures of the Louvre is the world's most famous and one of the largest art treasury. It is truly the palace of all treasures. Starting from 1932, the Louvre underwent a comprehensive renovation, divided into seven parts: the Department of Ancient Greco-Roman Culture, the Department of Ancient Oriental Culture, the Department of Ancient Egyptian Culture, the Department of Paintings, the Department of Drawings, the Department of Sculpture and the Department of Art. Among the collected treasures, the three treasures of the palace (Venus, Kani, the goddess of victory, and the Mona Lisa) are the most famous. Two million tourists visit the Louvre every year. (II)

7. Tower Bridge: Tower Bridge is one of the 28 bridges over the Thames, built between 1886 and 1894. It is named because the bridge is connected by four towers. Whenever a giant ship passes over the Thames, the machines in the towers move, and the bridge deck in the center splits in two and slowly folds up; after the ship passes, it slowly descends again. Each of the two movable bridge decks weighs 1,000 tons. Historically, Tower Bridge was known as the main entrance to London. (II)

8. Arc de Triomphe: The Arc de Triomphe is located in the center of the central square of Paris. It was built by Napoleon to commemorate the defeat of the Russian and Austrian allies at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. Designed by the engineering architect Charles Grande, work began in 1806 and took 30 years to complete in 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is about 50 meters high, 45 meters wide and 22 meters thick. It has doors on all four sides and the arch in the center is about 15 meters wide. There are many fine carvings on the gate, all of which are based on the history of the French wars from 1792 to 1815, the most outstanding of which is the famous Daughter of the Sea carved on the right stone pillar.In 1920, the Tomb of the Unknown Martyrs was constructed under the gate, in which the unknown soldiers who died in the First World War are buried. There is a burning lamp in front of the tomb and people often lay red, white and blue flowers symbolizing the French flag. The Arc de Triomphe is equipped with an elevator that takes you right up to the 50-meter-high arch, giving you a panoramic view of Paris.

9. Parthenon: The Parthenon is located in the center of the Acropolis Hill in the old city of Athens, at the highest point of the hill. It was built between 447 BC and 438 BC and is considered to be the pinnacle of the Dorian style of architectural art and is known as the national treasure of Greece. The exterior of the temple is rectangular in shape, about 70 meters long and 31 meters wide. There are 46 colonnades made of Doric columns. The bases of the columns are 1.9 meters in diameter and about 10.5 meters high. Each column is made of 10-12 segments of marble spliced together and has an overall prismatic shape. The main buildings of the temple are two halls, one with six Doric columnar pillars on each side. The east entrance hall leads to an inner hall containing a huge statue of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, about 12 meters high. The Parthenon and the statue of Athena were designed and created by the famous architect and sculptor Phidias. After several natural and man-made disasters, the Parthenon is now only a shell lined with stone pillars. The disappearance of the statue of Athena has become a great regret in the history of world art.

European Economy

Europe's level of economic development is the highest of all continents. Industry, transportation, commerce and trade, finance and insurance. Occupation

Europe mines more than 30% of the world's coal and iron ore Mercury and potash account for more than 60% of total mining. Its main industrial sectors are steel, machinery, chemicals and food. Automobiles, ships, airplanes, power generation equipment, agricultural machinery and electronic equipment production accounted for the world's 40 total **** how much?0%, Russia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and other countries with huge production scale. In addition, Switzerland's watches and precision instruments, Czech and Slovak heavy machinery, Germany's optical instruments, Spain's shipbuilding, Sweden's shipbuilding and mining machinery are internationally renowned.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the second productive sector in Europe. The combination of agriculture and livestock and the level of intensification is an important feature. Wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, sunflowers, flax, etc. It is mainly cultivated. Wheat production accounts for about 50 of the world's barley and oats account for more than 60% of total production. Horticulture is well developed, mainly producing grapes and apples. Animal husbandry is based on raising pigs, cattle and sheep.

Transportation

Europe has formed a large integrated transportation network, a variety of modes of transportation is highly developed. Railroads, highways, shipping and aviation are all well developed. Transportation ranks first among the world's continents.

Topography: the general characteristics of the European terrain is mainly plains, glacial landscapes are widely distributed, the southern mountains converge. Above 200 meters above sea level plateau, hills and mountains accounted for about 40% of the entire continent, of which only 15% above 500,000 meters above sea level, only 2% above 2,000 meters above sea level. The plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 60% of the entire continent. The average elevation of the entire continent is 300 meters above sea level, the lowest. The European plain stretches for thousands of miles from the Atlantic coast in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east, forming the Great Plains across Europe. The transcontinental Alps in the south are the largest mountain range in Europe. Mount Elbrus, the main peak of the Greater Caucasus in the southeast, at 5,642 meters, is the highest peak in Europe. The Scandinavian mountains in northern Europe are relatively flat, with deep inland coasts flanked by steep fjords. The lowlands along the northern coast of the Caspian Sea are 28 meters below sea level, the lowest point on the entire continent.

Climate: Most of Europe has a mild and humid climate. The continent's north-south latitude is 35, and including the dependent islands it is only 47. Almost all of it is in the temperate zone, except for the northern coast and the islands in the Arctic Ocean, which are frigid, and the southern coast, which is subtropical. It is the most extensive continent in the world with a temperate oceanic climate. Every part of western Europe is no more than 700 kilometers from the ocean, while the farthest part of the east is up to 1,600 kilometers from the ocean. Thus, Europe transitions from an oceanic to a continental climate from west to east. Due to the vastness of the plains, the moist westerly winds from the vast Atlantic Ocean can penetrate inland without hindrance, and the moist air regulates the temperature. The North Atlantic Warm Current warms the entire coast of Western and Northern Europe. The largest area in the cold months is between 0?16; the average temperature in the hottest months is mostly between 8?4. Rainfall and its distribution vary due to the distance from the Atlantic Ocean and the direction of the prevailing winds. The windward slopes near the Atlantic Ocean have an average annual precipitation of more than 1,000 millimeters, and the vast low mountains, hills, plateaus and plains have an average annual precipitation of between 500,000 millimeters. The southern part of the three major peninsulas in southern Europe is a subtropical Mediterranean-style winter precipitation area, with winter precipitation accounting for about 30% of the annual precipitation.0%.

Forests and grasslands: Europe has 874 million hectares of forest area, accounting for about 23 of the world's total area of forests in the United States, of which the former Soviet Union has the largest forest area. Steppe area accounts for about 15% of the world's total steppe area.