1. Solidification is deeply buried and stored in waste ore.
For example, a factory in France extracts nickel and cadmium from it, and then uses nickel to make steel and cadmium to produce batteries. The remaining waste batteries are generally transported to a special toxic harmful waste landfill, but this is not only costly but also wasteful, because there are many useful substances that can be used as raw materials.
recycle
(1) heat treatment
Switzerland has two factories specializing in the treatment and utilization of used batteries. The method adopted by Battleck Company is to grind the waste batteries and then send them to the furnace for heating. At this time, the volatile mercury can be extracted, and zinc will evaporate at a higher temperature. It is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are melted to form ferromanganese alloy for steelmaking. The factory can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year, and can obtain 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another factory directly extracts iron from batteries and sells metal mixtures such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide as metal scrap. However, the heat treatment method is expensive, and Switzerland also stipulates that each battery buyer should be charged a small amount of special expenses for waste battery treatment.
(2) "Wet treatment"
A "wet treatment" device is being built in the suburbs of magdeburg, in which all kinds of batteries except lead batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metals are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resin. The raw materials obtained in this way are purer than the heat treatment method, so the price is higher in the market, and 95% of the substances contained in the battery can be extracted. Wet processing can save the sorting process (because sorting is manual operation, which will increase the cost). The annual processing capacity of this device in magdeburg can reach 7,500 tons. Although its cost is slightly higher than that of landfill, precious raw materials will not be discarded and will not pollute the environment.
(3) Vacuum heat treatment method
The vacuum heat treatment method developed by Alte company in Germany is cheaper, but it needs to sort out the nickel-cadmium batteries from the waste batteries, heat the waste batteries in vacuum, quickly recover mercury, then grind the remaining raw materials, extract metallic iron with magnets, and then extract nickel and manganese from the remaining powder. The cost of treating one ton of waste batteries is less than 1500 mark.
Outlook: 4. view
Now, people's awareness of environmental protection has been greatly improved. For example, cities such as Beijing and Shanghai have set up special waste battery barrels. I believe that in the near future, the problem of recycling used batteries will be well solved.
Three. Recycling technology of used batteries (please refer to)
1, UPS and supplementary solution for regenerative protection of large-capacity maintenance-free lead-acid batteries.
2. Detergent lead-acid battery
3. Methods of treating metal-containing wastes
4. Methods of removing and recovering mercury from waste batteries
5. Method for extracting zinc and manganese dioxide from waste dry batteries
6. A method for recycling negative electrode materials from waste lithium batteries.
7. Method of recovering metal from waste lithium ion batteries
8. A method for extracting manganese dioxide and zinc from waste zinc-manganese dry batteries.
9. Method and equipment for obtaining enriched substances from waste storage batteries
10. Method and equipment for separating batteries, button batteries and metals from garbage.
1 1. Method of recovering metals from waste nickel-hydrogen batteries.
12, Method 2 of metal recovery from waste Ni-MH batteries
13, Reuse method of secondary battery
14, waste battery treatment device
15. Harmless biological pretreatment method for waste batteries
16, comprehensive utilization of waste batteries
17, recovery method of waste dry batteries
18, harmless recycling process of waste dry batteries
19, waste battery treatment method
20, waste battery recycling processor
2 1, waste battery recycling decomposition head
22, waste battery recovery vacuum distillation device
23, waste battery lead recovery method
24, waste battery pyrolysis gasification incineration treatment equipment and its treatment method.
25, waste battery comprehensive utilization treatment process
26. Alkaline leaching of waste dry batteries
27, waste dry battery recovery device
28. Comprehensive recycling process of used mobile phone batteries
29. Clean recovery method of lead from waste batteries
30. Clean recovery technology of lead from waste batteries
3 1. Waste lead-acid batteries produce recycled lead, red lead and lead nitrate.
32, waste lead storage battery recovery lead technology
33. Reduction and transformation methods of waste lead battery sludge. Waste lead battery smelting regeneration furnace
35, waste battery lead-containing materials reverberatory furnace continuous smelting.
36, waste battery lead-containing materials reverberatory furnace continuous smelting method
37. Treatment and utilization of waste residue and waste liquid from cadmium-nickel battery
38. Comprehensive recovery method of waste batteries containing mercury
39, chemical power battery raw materials and recycling technology
40. Methods of recycling batteries, especially dry batteries.
4 1. Method and equipment for recycling sealed battery components
42, metal-air battery waste recycling device
43. Recovery of dry batteries by leaching method
44. Composition for purifying waste batteries or mercury-containing sludge and its treatment method.
45, waste battery and heavy metal sorting device
46. Recovery process of N- methylpyrrolidone in waste gas treatment of lithium battery industry
47, lithium ion secondary battery anode waste and waste recycling method
48, nickel cadmium waste battery comprehensive recovery method
49, nickel-hydrogen secondary battery anode and cathode residue recovery method
50, lead-acid battery recycling sources and production methods
5 1, failure regeneration technology of lead-acid battery
52, the method of removing sulfate in waste lead storage battery plate
53, waste nickel-hydrogen secondary battery anode alloy powder regeneration method
54, cement clinker calcination technology to treat waste dry battery
55, battery waste plate regenerant and treatment technology
56, battery desulfurizer regeneration method
57. Methods of recovering lead from waste batteries.
58. A device for crushing waste dry batteries.
59. A regeneration method of battery desulfurizer.
60, using waste batteries as raw materials to produce sewage treatment agent method
6 1. A method for producing active lead powder from waste battery sludge
62. Method of separating and recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries with ion sieve.
63. Device and method for recovering nickel and cadmium.
64. The method of electrolytic reduction in neutral medium to recover lead from waste batteries.
65. Recover manganese sulfate, manganese dioxide, graphite, reusable graphite electrode and its special equipment from waste zinc-manganese dry batteries.