A terminology

1. exhibition supermarket

2. International Museum Day: May 18, 1977 is the International Association of Museums to

The world declared the first International Museum Day

3. three-ministerial system: refers to the museum's main business institutions by the custody of the Department of the Ministry of the Ministry of the Ministry of display, the Ministry of the Ministry of group work of three departments Composition, supplemented by other business departments and offices and other administrative departments.

4. Eco-museum: Eco-museum is a kind of village community as a unit, no

walls of the "living museum". It emphasizes the protection and preservation

of cultural heritage authenticity, integrity and originality.

5. Cultural Heritage Day

Second, short answer

1. Briefly describe the sources of funding for museums in China

Admission revenue. As far as admission revenue is concerned, only large museums linked to tourism, such as the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Shaanxi, the Shanghai Museum and so on, have sizable incomes. Most museums have little income from admission fees due to the scarcity of visitors, making it difficult to supplement funding.

Venue income; museum store; cultural industry development; mobile exhibition income; other income: such as appraisal income, exhibition design income, cultural protection income, taking pictures, etc.

2. Briefly analyze the significance of the museum's publicity work

A. The role of publicity work

1, to improve the visibility of the museum is an important way.

2, for the potential audience. The public is a very broad concept, is a very large and diverse population. Those who come to the museum or the public once visited the museum is the museum audience, those who have not yet come to the museum of the public, should be regarded as the museum "potential" audience. Potential audience is the audience that need to strive for, but also the audience of tomorrow. In today's museums are facing the market economy, knowledge economy, information age. Its advantages in the planned economic system have disappeared, with simple administrative means to organize the audience has become ineffective. Museums can not passively face the market, passively waiting for the audience to visit, must establish a sense of competition, advertising, image planning and other marketing means to promote themselves. This will also be a solution to the museum, especially small and medium-sized museums in recent years, generally faced with the plight of the "audience less" a more effective way.

3, squeeze into the leisure market. Modern society, people's work rhythm, the rhythm of life and the pace of social life as a whole have become increasingly fast, people in the tension of work, always hope to get suitable for their own interest in entertainment and rest. In many cities, especially small and medium-sized cities, people's awareness of museums is very low. In this situation, the museum is extremely necessary through the publicity and marketing means, arousing strong concern in the community, to obtain broad support, the museum should become the people to visit the study, leisure and entertainment culture and art

Leisure Park. Such as the Capital Museum

4, cultivate museum awareness. Museum awareness in our country, especially in some small towns in the public is extremely thin, and even some people do not know what the museum. This phenomenon is caused by many reasons, but also can not help but show that our publicity work lags behind. Museum as an educational position, with other cultural venues incomparable advantages. It is through the physical (or replica) of the display, to give the viewer a more graphic, intuitive impression, is a three-dimensional "encyclopedia" and physical "library", especially suitable for young people's learning and education, therefore, it is very necessary to publicize the efforts to cultivate the public awareness. Therefore, it is very necessary to work on publicity to cultivate public awareness of the museum.

3. Briefly describe the classification of museum displays

According to the content of the display, it can be divided into social history display, natural display, science and technology display

display, art display.

According to the form and method of display, can be divided into restoration display (Luozhuang Han Tomb), the original display (Jin

Sand Museum Site Museum, Three Gorges Museum), demonstration display (jade production process, looms, etc.), ecological display, classification display (according to the texture, according to the tribe, according to the theme), etc.;

According to the site of the display, can be divided into indoor display and open-air display.

According to the length of the display, can be divided into basic display and temporary display.

According to the dynamics of the display, it can be divided into fixed display and mobile display

4. Briefly list the common types of risk in museum management

1 natural environment risk.

2 daily management risk.

3 Operational risks. Exhibition planning errors; improper organizational design; poor audience control measures; development planning from the actual; middle management appointment errors; management model using the wrong; community economic downturn; low cultural quality of community residents; information is not clear, the exhibition hot spots to capture the untimely; prediction errors; marketing strategy is not appropriate; the risk of entry into the tourism market.

4, the exchange exhibition risk Transportation risk; handling, dismantling risk;

5, external risk Nearby fire wave; theft;

★ three, thesis

1. Necessity: 1, the lack of funds is the main reason.

2. The inevitable result of the transformation of museum functions. Museums are changing from the traditional

three major functions to entertainment and leisure and other more functions. These functional changes also make the museum's work center of gravity has been transferred, the need to study market demand, grasp the market dynamics, which will inevitably lead to the enhancement of the management function, so that the museum from the pure management of the development of the management of the management type.

3, the inevitable requirements of social and economic development. The prosperity of the commodity economy, resulting in the prevalence of the idea of money, so that the museum to carry out all the work requires a larger investment.

4, the development of the museum status quo decision. Status quo: first-class exhibits, third-rate service

Service. In Europe and the United States, "museum services" in addition to souvenir sales, catering services and other traditional projects, the choice of exhibition content, the design of the display form, the use of interpretation and even the public's education, all the content related to the audience in the "service" of The vast majority of museums in China have failed to regard public ****service and educational functions as their core work. The concept of "exhibition is all" is still y rooted, many exhibition halls are still generally lack of facilities for the audience to rest, food and beverage, the channel is still a lack of obvious signs, the Department of goods are filled with mass tourism products and few souvenirs with characteristics, the audience have questions and no one to answer.

Feasibility: 1, the collection of collections The problems of the collection business philosophy are: the utilization of the collection

rate is low; in the collection of utilization in favor of the "collection" ignoring the "use".

2, the place of the museum generally have a better internal and external environment: exhibitions and surrounding

side houses, restaurants, game rooms, meeting rooms and so on.

3, personnel and technology. The museum has a large team of professionals. Literature

Biology experts, experts in cultural relics protection, exhibition designers and all kinds of

business researchers. (Nanjing Museum; Shanghai Museum; Gan

Shu Museum; Three Gorges Museum)

4, tickets

2. Discuss the necessity of risk management caused by museums

1, the particularity of museum management

(1) the particularity of the object of the museum's operation and management

a. Theft prevention. The risk of theft is the largest and most common risk facing our collections. China's long history and culture, our ancestors left behind a large number of cultural relics, due to economic underdevelopment, under the trend of huge economic interests, the international market for smuggling of cultural relics often target our precious relics. This makes China's museum collection of cultural relics stolen cases are rising year by year. (Dunhuang Museum bronze mirror theft; Datong Museum theft; supervision of theft)

b fire fire is the enemy of the museum. Silk, painting and calligraphy are facing the great threat of fire. Fire once the damage to the collection is irremediable. (Jilin museum fire)

c, custody : custody of collections is a regular important business work. Whether custodial environment, custodial means, daily maintenance are faced with multiple risks: collection of library conditions, temperature and humidity, lighting design, safety performance of the display cabinets, etc. There is a huge impact on the safety of cultural relics.

(2) the special nature of the museum premises.

The existing museum buildings do not have a unified form, the old premises are mainly two types: the use of ancient buildings to establish the museum (such as the Palace Museum, Wuhu Ancestral Temple) and with other houses converted into museums. These two types of building safety risks, mainly fire, earthquake, lightning, flood control facilities are poor, aging lines, the surrounding environment is complex.

There are also museums that rent out their unused houses, bringing security risks. (For example, the Jilin City Museum fire accident)

2, the openness of the museum's business activities

(1) the long-term placement of the showroom in the exhibition and various types of temporary exhibitions in the collection

The use of goods.

a Museum is open to the public for visits to the unit, visitors in the exhibition area patting the display cabinets,

private photography, littering cigarette butts have laid hidden dangers for the safety of the museum. b Museum of cultural relics repeatedly stolen cases, many of which occurred in the showroom (such as

such as Dunhuang Museum bronze mirror theft).

c showroom protection environment, generally poor. Rainy days too damp, sunny days too

dry, too cold in winter, too hot in summer, ultraviolet rays in the light, etc., every moment in the invisible damage to the heritage. (Jinsha Museum in the display cabinets installed thermostat tester)

2) foreign mobile exhibition. The flow of the exhibition exchange also brings risks. Exchange exhibitions, faced with transportation, handling and many other links, and there are many links beyond the control of the museum itself, the risk is greater. (Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum)

3) collections in the photo, topography, restoration, identification and appreciation of the process of use. These collections of the use of the environment and personnel both museum professional business

staff and people from all walks of life. Changes in the environment and the diversity of personnel, objectively on the custody and protection of the collection has a certain adverse effect, should be caused by

attention. The museum's collection of cultural relics have custody department is responsible for the custody, this is a clear

provisions, the responsibility is unshirkable. But there are places outside the museum library

there are cultural relics, the responsibility of its custody is generally easy to cause people to ignore.

3. the advantages and disadvantages of the current stage of the policy of free admission to museums

Pros: cultural relics; museums

Opposition: the protection of cultural relics; the museum's own point of view; the viewer's point of view

4. to discuss the main features of China's museums system and its main impact on the development of museums

The main features of the system: 1, centralized

2, the combination of sub-systems and hierarchical management system

3, fully funded institutions management system

As can be seen from the above: the intricacies of the management system, the administrative affiliation of the fragmentation of the administrative relationship, which formed a number of museums in the business of the work of the basic in their own situation, the lack of unity and planning.

The impact is mainly reflected in: 1, the lack of autonomy of the museum

2, the government out of many doors

3, the museum of the higher authorities and industry authorities in

management of the intersection of the museum caused by the work of the museum of the difficulties

4, the museum of the internal management of the existence of a number of problems

5. Discusses the current stage of the museum in China Opportunities and Challenges Facing China's Museums

Opportunities for Development: Cultural Industry, Cultural Return, Heritage Protection

Challenges Facing: Government, Audience, and Museum People