Primary industry: also known as the primary industry. Three industry classifications of a department in the national economy. Refers to the department that uses power to produce consumable products or industrial raw materials on the basis of nature and under the condition of advanced treatment. Its scope varies from country to country. Generally, it includes agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry and gathering. Some countries also include mining. According to the statistics of our Ministry, National Bureau of Statistics and China's three industries, the primary industry refers to agriculture (including forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, etc. First of all, the national economy is divided into three industries: ABFischer, a New Zealand economist, and CGClark, a British economist. After the end of World War II, this division of economists became very common.
Products (raw materials) of secondary industry, primary industry and industrial processing departments, including mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water production and supply, and construction.
After World War II, its position in the secondary industry generally rose, generally accounting for more than 30% of the employed population and gross domestic product (GDP). The secondary industry has developed rapidly;
(A) to meet the needs of economic modernization and equipment
(b) Some industrial products replace agricultural products (such as synthetic fibers)
(c) Industrial products needed to improve people's living standards.
(d) Developed countries use their capital and technological advantages to set up factories abroad. The proportion is decreasing, but the absolute amount is increasing.
The rapid development of heavy industry and chemical industry in the secondary industry reached a peak, in developed countries, from the 1960s to the mid-1970s (about 70% of the industry). Since 1980s, the proportion of heavy chemical industry has been shrinking, and the proportion of rapidly developing textile industry (mainly in developing countries) is about 1:2, which is serious.
With the development of industries in developed countries, there are more and more knowledge and technology-intensive industries. For a long time after the war, the development of resource-intensive and capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries in major developed countries shifted to low-wage developing countries. Since the 1970s, with the further adjustment of industrial structure and the sharp increase of cutting-edge technology industries, the proportion of resource-intensive industries has increased, and it has tilted outward again. There is also labor-intensive, mainly resource-intensive time ahead of developing countries, and newly industrialized areas have begun to shift to technology-intensive industries. In a word, this has become the general trend of world industrial development.
After the war, great changes have taken place in the field of world industrial production, which has the following basic characteristics:
(A) industrial production to large-scale, serialized and integrated development. Scale, serialization scale, the leading direction of post-war industrial layout. 12 industrial sector, developed into a more comprehensive joint production base, geographical industrial sector structure characteristics, according to regional development conditions.
(b) Concentration and relative dispersion of industrial zones in different degrees. After World War II, the focus of industrial zones was strengthened, forming the largest industrial zones in the world, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Japan. Highly concentrated developing countries are dotted, such as national capitals and greater development, and become the largest industrial cities in the world. The high-density area of world industrial production is the low-density area, which is the trend of world industrial space movement.
The conflict between the safety and progress of the tertiary industry, Fisher of the University of Otago, New Zealand, was first put forward in 1935, a book "The Tertiary Industry" written by a British economist and professor. The primary and secondary industries other than other tertiary industries (also called tertiary industries). According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the report "Statistics on the Establishment of the Tertiary Industry in China and the Tertiary Industry in China". The tertiary industry includes circulation and service departments, which are divided into four levels: the circulation department: transportation, post and telecommunications, catering business, supply and marketing of materials, and the production and living service departments: finance, insurance, geological exploration, real estate management, public utilities, residents' services, tourism, information services and various technical services; Third, improve the quality of departments and residents serving scientific and cultural quality: education, culture, radio, television, scientific research, health, sports and social welfare; Fourth, state organs, political parties, social organizations, police and military organs, but excluding the country's tertiary industry output value and gross national product. It can be seen that the tertiary industry is basically the service industry.
The importance of accelerating the development of the tertiary industry is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) It is conducive to the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system. (2) It is conducive to accelerating economic development and improving the quality of the national economy and comprehensive national strength. (3) It is conducive to expanding employment, thus alleviating the employment pressure in China. (4) It is conducive to improving people's living standards and realizing a well-off society.
The tertiary industry refers to the industry of material products, that is, the production of service industry.
The tertiary industry is divided into 15, F, T and 48 categories in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T 4754-2002).
Classification of three industries (GB/T4754-2002)
service industry
F. Transportation, warehousing and postal services (i.e. modern logistics)
5 1 railway transportation
52 road transportation
53 urban public transport industry
54 water transport industry
55 air transport industry
56 pipeline transportation
Loading and unloading and other transportation services
Preserve grain
59 postal industry
G. Information transmission, computer services and software industry
Telecommunications and information transmission services
6 1 computer services
62 software industry
Wholesale and retail trade
63 wholesale trade
65 retail
My accommodation and catering industry
66 accommodation industry
Food and beverage industry
J's financial industry
68 bank
69 securities industry
70 insurance
7 1 other financial activities
K real estate industry
72 real estate
Leasing and business services
73 leasing industry
74 business services
Scientific research, technical services and geological exploration industries
75 Research and experimental development
76 professional and technical service industry
77. Science and technology exchange and extension services
Geological exploration industry
Water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industry
79 water management industry
80 environmental management
8 1 public facilities management industry
Australian resident service and other service industries
82 residents' service
83 Other services
Physical education
84 education
Q. Health, social security and social welfare industries
85 healthy
social security
social welfare
R Culture, sports and entertainment
Press and publication industry
Broadcasting, television, film and audio-visual industries
90 culture and art
9 1 sports
92 entertainment industry
Public management and social organization
93 China * * * Party organs.
94 national institutions
95 People's Political Consultative Conference
96 mass organizations, social organizations and religious organizations
97 grass-roots mass self-governing organizations
T international organization
98 international organizations