question 1: what are the commonly used incentive methods in the foundation of management science? 1. example incentive method. Set an example, take the lead, set an example, etc., to inspire, demonstrate and imitate.

2. Target incentive method. Set goals to guide the feeling of being valued, and form pressure and motivation.

3. Authorized incentive method. Empower subordinates, make them feel valued and form pressure and motivation.

In addition, there are respect incentives, communication incentives and tolerance incentives.

question 2: what are the means and methods of effective motivation? Reprint the following information for reference

Effective incentives

Motivation is one of the basic functions of management and an important task of leaders. Effective incentives must start from the starting point of incentives-needs, and comprehensively use various incentive methods. The basic methods of motivation include: image motivation, emotional motivation, confidence motivation, goal motivation, performance salary system, affirmation and praise, job enrichment, participation in management, education and training, etc.

Motivation

is a psychological process to stimulate people's motivation. Through motivation, individuals are stimulated and encouraged to achieve the exciting state of cheering up. It refers to the process of creating various conditions to meet the needs of organization members, stimulating the correct motivation of organization members, and making them produce specific behaviors to achieve organizational goals.

Many psychologists and management scientists have conducted in-depth research on how to motivate, and put forward a variety of systematic incentive theories and methods. Based on these basic viewpoints, we propose the following basic methods of motivation.

1. image motivation

the image mentioned here includes the personal image of leaders and model figures in the organization and the collective image of excellent teams. No matter what kind of image, it can inspire employees' sense of honor, achievement and pride, and achieve the role of inspiring people. Therefore, the leaders of enterprises should put their knowledge level, moral cultivation, work ability and personality style into their daily work, and inspire the thoughts and behaviors of the leaders with their good personal image. At the same time, for newcomers, outstanding employees, model workers and work teams who are outstanding in their work, we will publicize and show their good image in depth, and call on and guide employees to imitate learning by publishing photos and materials, issuing honorary certificates in recognition of meetings, and publicizing on TV and the Internet.

Second, emotional motivation

Emotion is people's psychological reactions to the outside world, including emotions and emotions. Emotional needs are the most basic needs of human beings and one of the most direct factors that affect behavior. The emotional connection between people contains infinite potential, which can transcend the influence of material interests, spiritual ideals and external pressure and produce the incentive force of "a scholar dies for his bosom friend" Therefore, modern leaders should not only pay attention to convincing people with reason, but also emphasize emotional people. Emotional motivation is to strengthen emotional communication with employees, give sincere care from employees' thoughts, life, work and other aspects, think of what others think, be urgent and difficult, establish equal and cordial feelings with employees, let employees feel the care of leaders and the warmth of enterprises, so as to stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity.

Third, confidence motivation

Expectation theory tells us that the degree of motivation a person receives at work is closely related to his subjective evaluation of completing the work and the attractiveness of work remuneration to himself. When an individual thinks that no matter how hard he tries, he can't finish the work, his enthusiasm for work is definitely low. Sometimes this happens because the work is really beyond one's ability, but more often it is due to one's lack of confidence in oneself. They often can't clearly understand and evaluate themselves, don't know their strengths and weaknesses, doubt their abilities, and thus misjudge the possibility of achieving their goals. At this time, managers need to conduct psychological counseling in time on the basis of trusting their employees, so that they can fully realize their own advantages and potentials, give them full encouragement, let them see future opportunities and hopes, and help them establish confidence that I can do well. Employees with good mentality, winning belief and motivation can stimulate great creativity. As an advertisement says, "Anything is possible as long as there is * * *".

fourth, goal motivation

goal motivation refers to setting appropriate goals to stimulate people's motivation and behavior, so as to mobilize people's enthusiasm. Goal motivation requires vertical and horizontal layer-by-layer decomposition based on clear organizational goals to form specific goals for all levels, departments and even every employee. All levels, departments and every employee take goals as the standard and implement self-motivation and self-control in the process of implementing goals. In the process of goal motivation, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, the setting of employees' personal goals should be combined with the characteristics of their jobs, fully consider their personal strengths, hobbies and development, and combine personal goals with organizational goals to make organizational goals contain more personal goals, so that the realization of personal goals can not be separated from the efforts made to achieve organizational goals. Second, the goal must be clear, accessible, challenging and continuous, so as to cultivate employees' sense of accomplishment in creating value. Third, whether it is an organizational goal or an individual goal > >

question 3: what are the self-motivation principles of common motivation methods? as for personal practice, the most difficult thing is to stick to it for a long time. Because, personal practice is often due to the lack of clear tasks, and there is no pressure from the external environment. After physical practice, it will cause fatigue and sometimes even great discomfort, so it is easy for people to give up or terminate practice. What is most needed at this time is to motivate themselves. In most cases, the operable motivation method is self-motivation. That is, through their own recognition, affirmation, praise and so on, to stimulate their determination to persist in practice. Commonly used self-motivation methods are as follows: (1) Target motivation method. Practitioners first set themselves a clear goal that can be achieved through hard work. This can turn the joy of success into the motivation to continue exercising as soon as possible. (2) Habitual * * * method. Practitioners strive to do their favorite exercises at a certain time, place, environment, etc., so that sports activities become a habit of your life, and you can't help thinking about activities every time or environment. This way is helpful to motivate yourself to keep exercising. (3) Environmental incentive method. Practitioners purposefully motivate themselves with the help of external forces, such as actively organizing or participating in some local amateur competitions, amateur training teams and other activities, or organizing several people to carry on the practice by competing with each other. (4) Material incentive method. Practitioners can also achieve motivation through self-material rewards and punishments, such as persisting in exercising or achieving goals, and rewarding things they need in their lives. Sometimes this method is also very useful. View the original post > >

Question 4: What are the most commonly used forms of encouragement in daily teaching? Praise encouragement and example encouragement. However, we must master the sense of proportion and methods

Question 5: What are the commonly used incentives? What are their characteristics? Example incentives

material incentives

praise incentives.