(1) Vitrified microsphere thermal insulation mortar is a one-component dry-mixed high-performance inorganic wall insulation material composed of vitrified microsphere (VMB), cement and additives, which can be widely used in wall insulation engineering of new and old buildings and effectively improve the indoor thermal environment. The thermal insulation system consists of two parts: thermal insulation layer and anti-crack protection layer. The thermal insulation layer uses vitrified beads (irregular spherical particles with a closed surface and porous inside made of volcanic lava mineral materials through heating, expansion and vitrification cooling) as light aggregate, which replaces the traditional ordinary expanded perlite and polystyrene particles as light aggregate of thermal insulation dry-mixed mortar, and is premixed in dry powder modifier to form one-component inorganic dry-mixed thermal insulation mortar, which can be used by adding water and stirring on site, and can be directly applied to the enclosure structure. Theory and engineering practice have proved that the thermal insulation project of glazed hollow bead thermal insulation mortar is a good measure to realize building thermal insulation and energy saving. 3. Inorganic vitrified bead thermal insulation mortar is suitable for the external wall internal and external thermal insulation of industrial and civil buildings, the separate thermal insulation of basement, garage, stairs, corridors, fire exits, thermal bridges, leveling fire protection layers or protective layers of EPS and XPS, etc., which meet the requirements of building energy saving of 51% and 65%. The building height generally does not exceed 111 m; There are two types of external wall insulation system: thermal insulation slurry directly combined with basic wall and composite with other thermal insulation materials. The base can be reinforced concrete wall and masonry wall; Exterior wall decorative layer can be painted or brick.

(2) 5 5.1 process flow chart 5.1.1 process flow chart 4-1 schematic diagram of external wall thermal insulation structure (1) general type (2) reinforced type 3 5.1.1 process flow chart 5.1.2 main process description of glazed hollow bead thermal insulation mortar external wall thermal insulation project: 1. Before construction, a special technical construction plan shall be prepared to determine the construction scope of thermal insulation mortar, and detailed technical disclosure shall be made to the construction team. 2. The construction process shall be carried out in strict accordance with the above process, with one layer, one concealment and one acceptance, and detailed written records and necessary image data. 3. In the process of construction, each working procedure should be arranged reasonably according to the technological process, so as to ensure the cohesion and interval between each working procedure, and the order in the construction process should not be changed at will to ensure the construction quality. 5.2 Operating Points 5.2.1 Construction Preparation 1. Set up a mixing shed, and all materials must be mechanically stirred in the mixing shed to prevent the particles of vitrified beads from flying and affecting the civilized construction on site. The location of the mixing shed should be leeward and close to the vertical transportation machinery. The mixing shed should have a ceiling, closed on three sides, and one side as a feeding and discharging channel, and the ground should be flat and solid. 2. The flatness of the external wall meets the requirements, the steel wire mesh is hung at the junction of the concrete wall and the aerated block wall, and the external door window is installed, which is checked and accepted by the relevant departments. 3. The thickness of the external insulation layer should be reserved for the connection between the door and window frame and the wall, and the gap should be tightly packed in layers to protect the door and window surface. 4. Re-inspection requirements for thermal insulation and its supporting materials when they enter the site, whether the certificate and test report of materials are complete and whether they are matched with the materials sent; The weight and volume of the sampling material unit and the certificate indicate whether it is within a reasonable error range; Check whether the materials are within the validity period. 5. Attention should also be paid to the external insulation construction of the external wall: 4 1) The rainwater pipe clamp, embedded iron parts and equipment through-wall pipes on the external wall are installed in advance, and the thickness of the external insulation layer is reserved. Construction holes left on the wall during construction should be handled in advance. 2) Due to the survival rate of plastering scores of thermal insulation layer, full-house or climbing scaffolding should be adopted for external scaffolding, and a dense mesh safety net should be hung outside; The external scaffold shall be firmly erected and passed the safety inspection; Scaffolding poles, crossbar and metope distance is moderate, scaffolding laying should be adapted to the external wall frame. 3) When working, the ambient temperature should not be lower than 5℃, the wind force should not be greater than level 5, and the wind speed should not be greater than 11 m/s.. Rainproof measures should be taken during construction in rainy season, and it is not suitable for construction if it will rain within 24 hours after rain or within 24 hours after construction. 5.2.2 The key to the quality of insulating mortar with vitrified beads at the grass-roots level is firm bonding without cracking, hollowing and falling off. If the bonding is not firm, defects such as hollowing, cracking and falling off will easily occur, which will seriously affect the thermal insulation effect of buildings. Engineering practice has proved that the quality problems such as cracking, hollowing and falling off of the plastering layer are mainly caused by the uncleanness of the surface of the base, the water on the surface of the base before plastering, and the moisture in the mortar after plastering is quickly absorbed by the base, so that the cement in the mortar is not fully hydrated to form cement stone, which affects the bonding force of the mortar. Therefore, the basic treatment process should be strictly controlled: 1. The wall surface should be cleaned with a wire brush without oil stains and floating dust, and the loose and weathered parts of the old wall surface should be chiseled away. Wall surface protrusions ≥11mm should be leveled and cleaned with a soft brush. 2. Around the door and window frame, the insulation mortar shall be layered and packed tightly, and the size of the window frame wrapped by the insulation layer shall be controlled at 11 ~ 21mm. 3. Steel wire mesh or alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh should be hung at the junction of concrete wall and aerated block wall (for external thermal insulation system of external wall, reinforcing mesh should be hung when the height of external wall exceeds 24m), with a width of 1.51 on each side and fixed with cement nails. 5.2.3 Hang the vertical line, find the rules, play the thickness control line, pull the vertical and horizontal lines, use thermal insulation mortar as the standard thickness ash cake screed according to the thickness line, and pop up the plastering control line according to the thickness requirements of thermal insulation layer to ensure that the thinnest plastering position reaches the design thickness, so as to effectively prevent indoor and outdoor heat transfer, thus achieving the energy-saving design requirements. At the same time, it should be noted that the thickness of ash cake should not be too large, so as to avoid defects such as hollowing, cracking, falling off and increasing construction load due to the thick insulation layer, and cause unnecessary increase in material consumption and construction cost. 5.2.4 Brush the interface mortar: Dip the interface mortar with a roller brush or broom and evenly brush it on the wall, and it is not allowed to be scraped, and the roughening should not be too thick. It is necessary to ensure that all concrete walls are roughened. The prepared materials should be protected from the sun and the wind, and the amount of one preparation should be used up within the operational time. This process is directly related to the bonding strength between thermal insulation mortar layer and matrix, so the proportion of interface treatment agent must be reasonably designed. 5.2.5 Stick-on-cake and screed: The thickness of insulation layer will directly affect the energy-saving function of glazed hollow bead external wall insulation system. Precast blocks of glazed hollow bead insulation slurry or slightly dry glazed hollow bead insulation slurry should be used for molding, and cement mortar should not be used as ash cake and screed to avoid forming thermal bridge. 5.2.6 Vitrified microsphere thermal insulation mortar 1. Vitrified microsphere thermal insulation mortar should survive several times after the interface mortar is dried and solidified (due to the slow drying speed of applying thick thermal insulation materials at one time, the tensile performance and freeze-thaw resistance of the thermal insulation system of vitrified microsphere thermal insulation mortar will become worse after coating the surface layer on the non-drying thermal insulation layer). 1) Plastering for the first time: On the wall at the grass-roots level after brushing the interface mortar, it should be plastered with the prepared vitrified bead thermal insulation mortar, and the plastering thickness should not be greater than 21mm, so that the mortar can cover the wall evenly and densely. After the vitrified bead thermal insulation mortar is plastered on the wall and stuck to the wall, it is not advisable to press it repeatedly. After the first plastering, it should be brushed, and the surface should be rough as far as possible, so that it can be firmly bonded with the second plaster. 2) Second plastering: When the plastering thickness is greater than 21mm, it should be plastered in several times. After the last plaster is hardened, the next plaster can be carried out. The thickness of the last plaster should reach the thickness of ash cake and screed, and it should be leveled with big poles. Insulation layer construction time interval is not less than 24 hours. After the verticality and flatness of doors, windows and holes meet the requirements specified in the specification, the surface shall be leveled and compacted. 5 5.2.6-1 2. Precautions: 1) The thickness of insulation layer should be reserved for the connection between the door window frame and the wall, and the gaps should be packed in layers, and the surface of the door window frame should be well protected. The thermal insulation plastering construction can be carried out only after the window is qualified. The thickness of thermal insulation plastering should be 11mm to wrap the window frame, and the distance from the thermal insulation surface to the inside of the window frame should be consistent. 2) In the preparation of thermal insulation slurry and anti-crack mortar, it is necessary to assign special personnel to mix them full-time to ensure the accuracy of mixing time and water addition. The quality of mixing in the construction site can be judged by observing its operability, anti-sliding, paste state and its wet apparent density. 3) The flatness deviation of the thermal insulation surface should not be greater than 4mm, and the thickness should be 8 ~ 11 mm. When plastering the thermal insulation surface, the plastering thickness should be slightly higher than the thickness of the ash cake, and then it should be leveled with a ruler and repaired locally with a trowel. After finishing plastering the thermal insulation surface for 31min, wipe the wall with trowel again, and reach the acceptance standard after being tested with line ruler. 4) For the external thermal insulation system of the external wall, it is forbidden to construct the glazed hollow bead thermal insulation slurry in rainy days, because the undried glazed hollow bead thermal insulation slurry will be washed off the surface when it meets the rain, even if it is not washed off, the strength of the thermal insulation layer will be greatly reduced, and floating slurry will appear on the surface, which is not firmly bonded with the anti-crack mortar, resulting in delamination. 5.2.7 External wall deformation joints shall be treated according to the method in Figure 5.2.7. When the expansion joint is left, the frame bars shall be put in during plastering, and the mortar shall be discharged after initial setting, and the seam edges shall be trimmed. Fill the seam with polyethylene foam plastic round bar as the backing, the diameter or width is 1.3 times of the seam width, and then fill the building sealant twice, with the depth of 51% ~ 71% of the seam width. Settlement joints and expansion joints shall be provided with metal cover plates according to the joint width and position, which shall be fastened with nails or screws. 5.2.6-2.6 Expansion joint practices Settlement joint practices 5.2.7 5.2.8 Doors, windows, beam bottoms and cornices shall be provided with drip tanks or drip line: after the thermal insulation construction is completed, the drip tank control line shall be popped up according to the design requirements, and a set groove shall be cut along the wallpaper knife with a groove depth of about 15mm, and the groove shall be filled with anti-crack mortar, and the drip tank shall be embedded in the groove and firmly bonded with the anti-crack mortar, and both sides shall be removed. Drip line should be generous and consistent, about 4cm, 8~11mm thick. 5.2.9 Acceptance of insulation layer: After the insulation layer is plastered, it shall be inspected with testing tools. The insulation layer shall be vertical, flat, with square and straight yin and yang angles. The unqualified wall surface shall be repaired. 5.2.11 Apply anti-crack mortar and press the alkali-resistant mesh cloth at the same time: after the insulation layer is cured and dried (press the surface with the palm of your hand, usually about 3 days), apply the anti-crack mortar on the insulation layer with an iron trowel, with a thickness of 3 ~ 5 mm, and press the cut alkali-resistant mesh cloth with an iron trowel on the freshly applied mortar, requiring that the alkali-resistant mesh cloth be vertically laid and fully pressed into the anti-crack mortar. Press it into one side first, then wipe some anti-crack mortar and then press it into the other side. It is forbidden to dry build. The alkali-resistant grid cloth at the internal corner should be overlapped by stubble pressing, and its width should be 51 mm or more; Yang Angle should also be stubble lap, its width is ≥211mm or more. Mesh paving should be smooth and wrinkle-free, and the mortar plumpness should reach 111%. At the same time, it should be smoothed and straightened to keep the founder and verticality at the corner of Yin and Yang. At the corner of the hole at the corner of the door and window squabble, an alkali-resistant mesh cloth should be laid obliquely at 45, and the size of the alkali-resistant mesh cloth should be 411 mm× 311 mm. Precautions for the construction of anti-crack layer: 1. Before the construction of anti-crack layer, a 5mm thick prefabricated strip sheet should be set between the window frame and the insulation layer, and it will be taken out after the construction of anti-crack layer, which will be reserved for external window frame glue injection. 2. The flatness control of the anti-crack layer requires that the flatness of the insulation layer reach the standard first, and if it fails to meet the requirements, it should be leveled with insulation slurry first; The reinforced grid cloth in the window angle, yin and yang angle and other parts should be pasted with anti-crack mortar first, and then the large wall surface should be constructed; When the alkali-resistant grid cloth is overlapped, the bottom alkali-resistant grid cloth should be pressed into the crack-resistant mortar, and then the surface alkali-resistant grid cloth should be pressed into it. Some unmixed anti-cracking agents should be prepared on the construction surface. When the alkali-resistant grid cloth cannot be pressed into the anti-cracking mortar, some anti-cracking agents can be sprinkled on the wall with tools such as brooms to make it moist, and the anti-cracking mortar will not stick to the trowel, and it will be wiped as it is thrown. After the anti-crack mortar is plastered, it is strictly forbidden to plaster ordinary cement mortar waist line and collar line or scrape rigid putty such as cement putty and gypsum putty on this surface. 5.2.11 Practice of strengthening layer: The external insulation external corner of the first layer shall be treated with alkali-resistant mesh cloth to protect the corner. The internal angle, external angle and opening angle of doors and windows of other layers are reinforced by overlapping with alkali-resistant mesh cloth. 5.2.12 Ribbon: When the design requires the ribbon to reflect the facade effect, after the construction of thermal insulation mortar is completed, the ribbon control line will pop up, and a set groove will be made with wallpaper knife, with a depth of about 11 mm. When handling, the inner surface and side surface of the ribbon should be flat and smooth. During the construction of anti-crack mortar, the ribbon and bedding face should be carried out at the same time. Special small tools should be used for the ribbon part to make the angle of Yin and Yang, and ensure the smoothness and straightness. 5.2.13 The framing joint should be set in layers according to the facade of the building, and the position of framing line should pop up on the insulating slurry layer of vitrified beads according to the design requirements before cutting. According to the investigation, at present, most of the engineering frame joints are made of anti-crack mortar after elastic line, cutting and jointing on the finished surface of thermal insulation mortar layer, but the effect is not ideal. In order to determine whether the cutting process of frame joints is the best before or after the anti-crack mortar layer, a comparative test was made for the project "Tianju Lanshanju, Shui Mu". In Building 1, the top thermal insulation mortar layer shall be slit, pointing and then plastered with anti-crack mortar (Figure 5.2.13-1); 2. Building sealant polyethylene rod core base wall interface mortar vitrified beads thermal insulation mortar finishing coating anti-crack mortar alkali-resistant mesh building sealant polyethylene rod core nail No.24 galvanized iron sheet or 1 thick aluminum plate 7 top-level anti-crack mortar layer, then cut the frame joints and tick off the joints (Figure 5.2.13-2); After plastering the thermal insulation mortar one layer at a time in Building 2, use plain cement mixed with 118 glue to stick plastic partition strips, then smooth them with thermal insulation mortar and anti-crack mortar for the second time, and finally remove the plastic partition strips (Figure 5.2.13-3). 5.2.13-1 5.2.13-2 5.2.13-3 By comparison, it is found that the seam is cut and pointed by elastic lines on the insulation layer, and the width is consistent and straight, and the quality of the seam is good, but the original effect is often lost after the anti-crack mortar is applied, because when the edge of the glass fiber mesh is pressed into the glass fiber mesh, the anti-crack mortar cannot be applied to the seam. However, after the plastering of anti-crack mortar is completed, the joints will not be afraid of being polluted by the mortar in the next process, and the frame joints will be neat and straight, with good visual quality (the final scheme determined by the "Shui Mu Lanshanju" project); In the third scheme, the process of removing the plastic partition strip is complicated, and the seam edge is easily damaged. 5.2.14 The polymer emulsion elastic primer shall be applied after the anti-crack mortar protective layer is dried, and it shall be scraped in one direction as far as possible. It shall not be scraped too thick for the first time, and the thickness shall not exceed 1 mm. After the putty is dried for the first time, it shall be polished with sandpaper, and the polishing time shall not exceed 8 hours. Scraping the putty for the second time should be smooth and smooth, and generally the putty will survive for two to three times. When the decorative surface of flexible waterproof putty is flat-coated, the wall surface is full of anti-crack flexible waterproof putty. 5.2.15 Protection of finished products 1. Remaining mortar of door and window frames shall be cleaned in time, and it is forbidden to stare on the windowsill to prevent damage to edges and corners; 2. Dismantle the outer frame with care to prevent the doors and windows, walls and edges from being damaged; 3. The built-in parts, trunking, boxes, plumbing equipment and reserved holes on the wall should be protected; 4. It is forbidden to use outdated ash, and water flushing, impact and extrusion are prohibited before hardening of each structural layer; 5. It is strictly prohibited to directly dump vitrified bead thermal insulation slurry and anti-crack mortar on the ground. 6 6.1 mainly