Xi' an is a famous historical and cultural city, and there are many famous tourist attractions in the urban area and surrounding suburban counties. The distance between scenic spots and scenic spots is very close, so the expenditure on transportation can be reduced relatively.
specific itinerary:
D1 itinerary: Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit in Lintong, Xi 'an
There is bus No.316 on the west side of the railway station square, which can directly reach the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit in Lintong. You have to ask about taking the high-speed 5 yuan and the low-speed 4 yuan to reach the Terracotta Warriors. I suggest you choose the expressway, which has good road conditions and the arrival time is about 41 minutes. Tickets for Terracotta Warriors and Horses are 111 yuan. I went in February, 2113. At that time, I got a full ticket to 61 yuan and a student ticket to 35 yuan.
Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors Pit: Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum is located at the foot of Mount Li to the east of Lintong County, more than 31 kilometers away from Xi 'an. According to historical records, Ying Zheng began to build a cemetery when he ascended the throne at the age of 13 in the Qin Dynasty. The planning and design were presided over by Li Si, the prime minister, and Zhang Han, the general, supervised the construction. The construction time was as long as 38 years, and the project was huge and magnificent, which set a precedent for the luxurious burial of feudal rulers in previous dynasties. At that time, the total population of the Qin dynasty was about 21 million, and the labor of building tombs reached as much as 721 thousand. Xiuling household soil is taken from Sanliu village, 2111 meters south of the cemetery, to the county quarry department, and there are multi-level loess cliffs with a height of 5-25 meters. A large amount of stone used in repairing the cemetery was taken from Zhongshan and Jun 'e Mountain in the Weihe River north, and it was transported to Linchong by manpower, so the project was very difficult.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 43 meters high, with a base circumference of more than 1,711 meters. It is built with double rammed earth walls inside and outside, symbolizing the imperial city and Miyagi of the capital. The inner city is slightly square, with a circumference of 3891 meters. Except for two doors in the north, one door is opened on the other three sides. The outer city is rectangular, with a circumference of 6294 meters, with one door on each side. Lingjia is located in the south of the cemetery.
the toilet pit of Qin Shihuang's soldiers is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, which is located at l 511 meters east of the cemetery. In the past, it was a graveyard, and local farmers found something like people when they dug graves. In March, 1974, when villagers in Xiyang village in Lingdong were fighting drought, a large-scale toilet pit of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum was found between Xiahe village and Wula village, three miles east of the mausoleum. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Qin figurines buried more than 2,111 years ago was uncovered.
The toilet burial pits of Qin Shihuang soldiers sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first terracotta warriors pit was found in a rectangular shape, 231 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south and about 5 meters deep, with a total area of 14,261 square meters. There are sloping doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors pits on the left and right sides, which are now called Pit 2 and Pit 3.
The burial pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is the largest underground military museum in the world. The layout of the tong pit is reasonable and the structure is peculiar. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west load-bearing wall is set up every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the empty holes between the walls.
More than 511 samurai spears, 6 chariots and 24 driving horses, as well as bronze weapons and ironware used in actual combat, such as bronze swords, Wu Gou, spears, arrows, crossbows and bronze halberds, have been excavated in the No.1 pit. At the eastern end of the pit, there are 211 terracotta warriors with the same height as human beings. Their facial expressions, clothing styles and hairstyles are different, all of them are lifelike, and they are arranged in three rows with 71 people in each row. Among them, except for three leaders wearing pin armour, the rest are all dressed in short brown, with their legs tied and tied, without helmets, holding bows and arrows, and holding crossbows, which seems to be the vanguard troops waiting for departure. Later, it was the main force composed of 6,111 armored figurines, each with a long weapon of about 3 meters, such as a spear, a dagger and a halberd. They were separated from 35 chariots by 11 east-west tunnels and arranged in 38 columns. On both sides and ends of the north and south, there is a column of warrior figurines, which looks like a guard to prevent the side tail from being attacked. This team is neat, well-equipped, majestic and magnificent, which is the artistic representation of Qin Shihuang's mighty army in the past and has a strong artistic appeal.
No.2 pit is located in the northeast of No.1 pit and the east of No.3 pit. It is a square square with a length of 96 meters from east to west and a width of 84 meters from north to south, with a total area of about 6,111 square meters. The buildings in the pit are the same as those in the No.1 pit, but the arrangement is more complicated and the arms are more complete. It is the most spectacular military array among the three pits. Pit 2 has an exhibition hall of 7,111 square meters, which is the largest and most complete modern site exhibition hall in China. Yuan Zhongyi, director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, explained: "First, in order to better protect cultural relics, and second, because it takes at least five to seven years to clear the entire army array from the ground. The advantage of this is that visitors can not only visit the local style of the second pit, but also see the excavation work of the second pit with their own eyes. "
according to the preliminary calculation, there are more than 1,311 pottery figurines and horses, more than 81 chariots and tens of thousands of bronze weapons in pit No.2, among which general figurines, saddle horse figurines and kneeling shooting figurines are found for the first time. There are four sloping doorways at the east and west ends of No.2 pit, and two sloping doorways at the north. The figurine pit sits in the west and the main entrance is in the east. The layout in the pit is divided into four units.
the first unit, located at the east end of the figurine pit, has 61 vertical crossbowmen figurines in the promenade around it, and the array center is composed of 161 squatting crossbowmen figurines in the east of Badao Road. Crossbowmen adopted the arrangement of stretching array in the array, and took turns shooting when standing and kneeling, in order to avoid the danger of slow tension.
The second unit, located on the right side of the pit, consists of 64 chariots (the chariots are made of wood, leaving only the remains). Each column is 8 times, and * * * has 8 columns. There are 4 terracotta horses the size of real horses in front of the car. At the back of each car, there are three soldiers and figures, the middle of which is the imperial hand Lamar, and the other two are standing on the left and right of the car respectively, holding long-handled weapons.
the third unit, located in the middle, consists of 19 chariots, 264 infantry figures and 8 knight figures in a rectangular array, which is divided into three columns. A knight figurine stands in front of each horse, holding the reins in one hand and pulling the bow in the other. In addition to three riders, there are 8~36 infantry figurines after each ride.
Unit 4, located on the left side of the army array, has 118 knight figurines and 181 pottery saddle horse figurines arranged in 11 rows to form a rectangular cavalry array. Among them, the 1 th and 3 rd columns are 6 chariots. Before each horse, stand a knight figurine in Hu suit, holding the horse with the right hand and the bow with the left hand.
No.3 pit is 25 meters west of No.1 pit, with an area of about 521 square meters and a concave shape. There is a chariot in front of the door, which contains 68 warrior figures. Judging from the layout of the No.3 pit, it seems to be the general headquarters, commanding the left, right and middle armies, but it has not been built.
No.4 pit has no terracotta figures, only backfilled soil.
judging from the layout and formation of the two pits, the second pit has a complex formation and complete arms, so it is the backbone of the match. This grouping method is called "large array with small array, big camp with small camp, even falling and hooking, bending and bending" in the art of war. "Sun Bin's Art of War" said: "Those who ride and fight can be divided into three parts, one is on the right, the other is on the left, the other is easy to ride more cars, the other is dangerous to ride more, and the other is wide-ranging." Only by organically combining the three can we win every battle. Pit No.2 is the theoretical diagram of this ancient strategist.
judging from the engraved year numbers of weapons unearthed from the terracotta warriors pit, the burial pit of terracotta warriors and horses was built before and after Qin Shihuang unified China. Qin Shihuang, by virtue of his ability of "wielding a sword to overcome floating clouds" and "driving a group of talents roughly", destroyed six countries and unified the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses reflect the momentum of the Qin Dynasty, which made Ma Zhuang stronger and more powerful. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi Hu Hai succeeded to the throne, and continued to overhaul Epang Palace and Chidao. The tax corvee was heavier than before, which led to the peasant uprising. In this form, the third pit was cut off in the middle, and the fourth pit was hastily filled before the Terracotta Warriors were put in. There are traces of fire found in the excavation, which may be related to the fact that Chu Bawang entered the customs and burned Epang Palace.
In p>1961, the Chinese people returned to the State Council and designated the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relic protection unit. In 1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List. The arched exhibition hall built on the site of the No.1 pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses has set up the "Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang", which is open to Chinese and foreign tourists.
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, one of the largest mausoleums in the world, is one of the largest, strangest and richest imperial mausoleums in the world. In fact, it is a luxurious underground palace.
The Eighth Wonder of the World After visiting the Museum of Qin Figurines, foreign heads of state and scholars believe that the discovery of the pit of Qin Figurines is a major discovery not only in China, but also in the world archaeological history. It can be said to be the eighth miracle of the world, which can be compared with the Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures, and it is recognized as a valuable wealth of human culture in the world.
Archaeological Discoveries that shocked China and foreign countries In 1974, China archaeologists unearthed more than 7,111 pieces of pottery tong that had been sleeping for thousands of years, which was considered as an ancient miracle and the most spectacular archaeological discovery in this century. Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are rare in the world in terms of quantity, quality and archaeological discoveries. They provide extremely precious material for in-depth study of the military, politics, economy, culture, science and art of the Qin Dynasty in the second century BC. It is not only the artistic treasure of the people of China, but also the cultural heritage of the people of the world.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, the treasure house of ancient clay sculpture art, are shaped with real life as the theme, with delicate and lively artistic techniques, different gestures and facial expressions, distinctive personality and strong characteristics of the times, showing the peak of clay sculpture art, adding luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and adding a glorious page to the world art history.
D2 itinerary: Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Cold Kiln and Forest of Steles Museum
Take bus No.5 directly at Jiefang Road, south of the railway station square, and you can go directly to the North Guangchang Station of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. The fare is in 1 yuan coin. After visiting the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, you can take the BUS at the North Square of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and go to Qujiang Cold Kiln.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located in Jionji in the south of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Jionji was built in the 22nd year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 648) by Prince Li Zhi in memory of his dead mother, Empress Wende, in order to repay the kindness of upbringing, hence the name "Jionji". At that time, * * * had 13 courtyards with 1,987 houses, and invited Xuanzang, a monk who went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures and returned to China, to preside over the temple affairs. Famous painters Yan Liben and Wu Daozi all painted murals here, showing the grand scale. In the third year of Tang Yonghui (652), Xuanzang built a tower in the west courtyard of the temple, named Ci 'en Temple Tower, to store the scriptures brought back from India. The present name of the tower is recorded in the Biography of Master Sanzang in Jionji: There is a monk temple in the state of Mojietuo, and one day a wild goose broke away from the colony and fell to the ground. The monks thought that this wild goose was the incarnation of Bodhisattva and decided to build a tower for the wild goose, so it was also called Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as Wild Goose Pagoda.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built as a five-story square tower with a brick surface and a core, and then it was transformed into a seven-story square pavilion. It was changed to a ten-story tower in the Tang Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty, the brick surface was added to the Tang Pagoda. At present, the tower is 64 meters high, and each floor is made of wood-like structure. There are exquisite line-carved Buddha statues on the bottom lintel, and the west lintel is a picture of Amitabha Buddha, which is engraved with magnificent halls. There are two stone tablets embedded in the brick niche in the south gate at the bottom of the tower: Preface to the Three Monks of the Tang Dynasty and Preface to the Three Monks of the Tang Dynasty, both written by Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The Wild Goose Pagoda was a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there were a large number of inscriptions by scholars and scholars, and there were more than 211 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone. Up to now, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is still a landmark building in the ancient city of Xi 'an, and it is also a famous scenic spot at home and abroad. The State Council was promulgated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961.
The Cold Kiln is located in the east corner of Qujiangchi in the southern suburb of Xi 'an. According to legend, it was once the place where Wang Baochuan lived, so it is famous at home and abroad.
For hundreds of years, the story of Wang Baochuan has not only been widely circulated among the people in our country, but also spread to the United States, Japan, Russia and Southeast Asian countries.
It is said that in the late Tang Dynasty, there was a girl named Wang Baochuan in Chang 'an City, who was smart and talented. Her father, Wang Yun, was the prime minister of the dynasty, and wanted to choose a son-in-law for her. However, regardless of the hierarchical and secular concept at that time, she broke with her family and married Xue Pinggui, a young beggar she loved. Soon, the frontier was in an emergency, and Xue Pinggui surrendered to the "red-maned spirited horse" and went to Xiliang to participate in the war. Wang Baochuan lived alone in a small earthen cave in Wudianpo, a southern suburb of Chang 'an, and lived a lonely life in 2118 by digging wild vegetables, waiting for her husband to triumph and lead a happy life again.
Although this story is not recorded in historical materials, Wang Baochuan is loyal to love, does not bow to feudal forces, and has endured hardships for 18 years without changing her heart, which fully shows the noble sentiments of hardworking, brave, upright and loyal working women in ancient China, so she is sympathized and loved by the broad masses of working people and is praised from generation to generation. It is said that the cave where she lived is called "cold kiln" (meaning poor and cold kiln). Today, there are few shepherd's purse (a kind of wild vegetable) in the farmland near Qujiangchi. People say that it was dug up by Wang Baochuan when he was eating chaff. In particular, the drama "Wudianpo" has been performed for a long time since the Ming Dynasty, making the cold kiln famous far and wide. At that time, there were many temples and lush trees here, and people from various counties around Xi' an went to worship.
When visiting the cold kiln and going to the mouth of the ditch, the first thing that catches people's eyes is an exquisite small corner pavilion called Sifu Pavilion, which is a symbol of Wang Baochuan's climbing the mountain and looking forward to her husband's early return. After passing the Sifu Pavilion and walking along the south slope, there are five halls standing at the foot of the cliff, named "Zhenlie Hall", with blue bricks and tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, which are very magnificent. In the temple, there are colored statues of Wang Baochuan and Xue Pinggui, and the image of Xue Pinggui's surrender to the red-maned spirited horse. Follow this line and enter a round brick door, which is the ancient courtyard of the cold kiln. There are two floors of colorful buildings built on the cliff, with cornices upturned and pavilions rustling. The two kilns below are "Bie Kiln" and "Exploration Kiln", with statues of Wang Baochuan Biefu, who poured wine, and his mother came to explore women. This is based on two plots in the drama Wudianpo. From the "Don't Kiln" up the stairs and across the immortal cave, it is the "Ruku Cave". According to legend, this is Wang Baochuan's humble abode. There is only a small heatable adobe sleeping platform in the cave. There is only a small window one foot square on the wall in front of the heatable adobe sleeping platform. The window frame is a few crooked branches. The cave is dark and there is only room for two people to turn around under the heatable adobe sleeping platform.
When you leave the window yard, you will find the "Demon Horse Cave" to the east. According to legend, the cave where the Demon Horse was released in Xue Pinggui at this moment is more than 111 meters long, narrow and winding, dark and cold, and tourists need to feel for it before they can move forward. Out of another hole, into the back ditch. This is the location of Yichun Garden in the Qin and Han Dynasties, with quiet mountains and carefree beauty.
viewing tips: through the cold kiln, we can see the praise and love of the broad masses of working people for the noble sentiments of diligence, courage, integrity and loyalty of ancient women in China.
Must-see attractions: "Bie Kiln" and "Exploration Kiln" and "Ruku Cave"
The forest of steles is a treasure house of culture and art with the earliest collection of ancient steles in China and the largest number of famous steles. It is not only one of the concentrated points of ancient cultural books and stone carvings in China, but also a place where famous calligraphers of all ages gather together. "Forest of Steles" is named after the forest of steles stands like a forest and is spectacular. The forest of steles has a history of more than 911 years, and it has become a famous artistic treasure at home and abroad because of its unique collection.
The forest of steles in Xi 'an was developed on the basis of preserving the stone scriptures of the Tang Dynasty. The forest of steles is not only famous for its long history, numerous preserved steles and large scale, but more importantly, its precious historical value and calligraphy artistic value.
D3 itinerary: take bus No.5 at the railway station square, get off at Dacha, and change to bus No.312 to go to the ruins of Abbang Palace. Epang Palace of Qin Shihuang
Epang Palace was built when Qin Shihuang proclaimed himself emperor. Located in the west today.