* * * Central Committee and the State Council on Further
Ten policies to invigorate the rural economy
(1985 1 month 1 day)
After more than five years of successful economic reform, rural areas in China have ushered in a new situation. The innovative and entrepreneurial spirit of the broad masses of cadres and people in rural areas is unprecedented, and they are vigorously opening up production channels and developing commodity production. Production has increased in an all-round way, and the shortage of major agricultural products has been greatly improved, providing a material basis for the reform of rural industrial structure. The cooperative system characterized by the contract responsibility system promotes the flow and reasonable combination of rural labor, capital and technology. After the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee, the economic system reform focusing on cities will be carried out in an all-round way, and a new situation of mutual promotion and coordinated development between urban and rural areas will emerge. The vast rural areas are facing an extremely favorable opportunity to accelerate the development of commodity production.
However, it should be noted that in the process of transforming rural production into commodity economy, there are still various uncoordinated phenomena. Agricultural production can not meet the market consumption demand, the quantity of products increases, the quality is not high, the variety is incomplete, and the circulation of goods is blocked; The production layout and industrial structure are unreasonable, the regional advantages cannot be brought into play, and the poverty situation in some areas has changed slowly. There are many reasons for these problems, and the defect of the country's rural economic management system is an important reason. Among them, the system of unified purchase and distribution of agricultural products played a positive role in ensuring supply and supporting construction in the past, but with the development of production, its disadvantages became increasingly apparent, which affected the development of rural commodity production and the improvement of economic benefits. Therefore, after breaking the "big pot" of the collective economy, we must also
Further reform the rural economic management system, expand market regulation under the guidance of the state plan, and make agricultural production
Adapt to market demand, promote the rationalization of rural industrial structure and further invigorate rural economy.
In order to ensure the realization of the above objectives, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have studied and formulated the following ten economic policies.
(1) Reform the unified distribution and purchase system of agricultural products.
Starting from this year, except for a few varieties, the state will no longer give farmers the task of purchasing agricultural products in a unified way, and will implement contract ordering and market acquisition according to different situations.
The unified purchase of grain and cotton was cancelled and the contract was ordered. It is determined by the commercial department in consultation with farmers before the sowing season.
, sign a house purchase contract. The grain ordered by the state is priced according to the proportion of "inverted Sanqi" (that is, 30% of the original unified purchase price and 70% of the original over-purchase price). Foods outside the order can be listed freely. If the market price of grain is lower than the original unified purchase price, the state will still release the purchase according to the original unified purchase price to protect the interests of farmers. The cotton ordered is priced according to the ratio of "inverted Sanqi" in the north and "positive 46" in the south. Farmers can also sell cotton outside the order.
Pigs, aquatic products and vegetables in large and medium-sized cities and industrial and mining areas should also be phased out and traded freely, and the time and steps of liberalization should be decided by all localities themselves. After liberalization, state-owned enterprises should actively operate and participate in market regulation. At the same time, we must take practical measures to protect the interests of urban consumers.
Other products that are uniformly distributed and purchased should also be gradually liberalized by varieties and regions.
After the cancellation of the unified purchase and distribution, agricultural products are no longer limited by the original division of labor and are subject to multi-channel linear circulation. Agricultural products management, processing and consumption units can directly sign purchase contracts with farmers; Farmers can also sign sales contracts with relevant units through cooperative organizations or the establishment of producers associations.
No unit may issue mandatory production plans to farmers.
(2) Vigorously help rural areas to adjust their industrial structure.
We should continue to implement the policy of never relaxing grain production and actively develop diversified economy.
This year, the state will invest some financial and material resources in the grain and cotton producing areas to support the development of agricultural products processing industry and adjust the industrial structure. It was also decided to take out a batch of grain and sell it to rural farmers, state-owned farms, feed processing plants, food processing plants and other units at the original unified purchase price, so as to support the development of animal husbandry, aquaculture, forestry and other industries. Hard land can be sold on credit.
To develop animal husbandry and aquaculture, we should pay special attention to supporting specialized farming households and farming villages, and gradually establish and improve the production and service links in complementary goods, such as improved seed breeding, feed supply, disease prevention, product processing, storage and transportation, and sales.
(3) Further relax the policies in mountainous areas and forest areas.
The sloping farmland above 25 degrees in mountainous areas should be returned to forests and grasslands in a planned and step-by-step manner to give full play to its geographical advantages. If the rations are insufficient, they shall be sold by the state or sold on credit.
Collective forest areas cancel the unified purchase of timber, open the timber market, allow forest farmers and collective timber to be listed freely, and implement the purchase and sale talks. The timber purchasing department can purchase a part of timber in the form of redemption contract. Logging must be approved by the government according to law, and indiscriminate logging is strictly prohibited.
Chinese herbal medicines, except for a few varieties that must be strictly controlled to protect natural resources, are all liberalized and freely purchased and sold. The purchasing department of medicinal materials shall sign a purchase contract with the place of origin according to the supply and demand situation.
State-owned forest farms can also implement household contract for employees or associate with nearby farmers.
(four) actively set up transportation.
In terms of highway construction, we will continue to implement the methods of migrant workers' construction and private office assistance.
In economically developed areas, it is advocated that society raise funds to build roads, and whoever invests will benefit. In mountainous areas and difficult areas, local governments raise funds, farmers provide labor to build roads, and the state issues a part of grain and cotton cloth as investment in road construction, supporting a part of steel, explosives and other materials.
The governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government can issue some highway and waterway bonds within the quota approved by the state, according to the traffic construction plan and according to their own capabilities.
The state supports the relevant provinces to jointly set up a maritime transport fleet to solve the transportation difficulties between the north and the south.
All kinds of highway, waterway and wharf projects are built by bidding, and state-owned, collective and individual can participate in the bidding.
Cars and boats closed by state-owned transport enterprises can be contracted, sold or leased to the masses for operation. Increase the proportion of rural car sales this year. Encourage farmers to cooperate in the operation of motorcades and motorcades. All kinds of transportation facilities operated by the transportation department should provide services to state-owned and private transportation without discrimination. Traffic management should be strengthened, but it is forbidden to transfer farmers' vehicles and boats in any name, or to interfere unreasonably or collect fees at random.
(five) credit and tax incentives for township enterprises. Encourage farmers to develop mining and other development undertakings.
Investment in feed industry, food industry, small energy industry and other technological transformation fees of township enterprises will be given preferential loans and interest rates. According to the provisions of the tax law, newly established township enterprises are exempted from income tax on a regular basis. If there are still difficulties after the expiration, they can continue to be exempted on a regular basis. Expenditure of township enterprises for subsidizing social expenses can be charged before tax according to 10% of profits.
Encourage farmers to mine according to relevant mineral laws and regulations. The mining scope includes small mines, tailings of large mines and areas delineated around large mines. State-owned mining enterprises provide support by purchasing products, cooperating with joint ventures and providing technical guidance. The relevant administrative departments should formulate necessary articles of association and management measures, not only to protect mineral resources, but also to prevent improper restrictions and interference on farmers' mining.
It is forbidden to transfer the property of township enterprises.
(6) Encourage technology transfer and talent flow.
All kinds of scientific and technological personnel in cities can leave their jobs without pay and apply in rural areas with the consent of their units. In addition to the on-the-job cadres of the party and government organs, qualified scientific and technological personnel can use their spare time to provide services in the countryside and get paid according to the contract without affecting their jobs. Scientific research extension units, universities and urban enterprises can accept scientific research projects entrusted by rural areas, transfer scientific research achievements, provide technical consulting services, or form a "scientific research-production consortium" with commodity bases and other rural production units, with * * taking risks and * * benefiting. Encourage all relevant departments to organize volunteer service teams to provide services in science and technology, education and medical care in rural areas and border minority areas, and reward those who have made outstanding contributions.
Advocate "East-West Mutual Assistance". Coastal areas transfer technology to the west, jointly develop resources in the west and share benefits.
Encourage collectives or individuals to set up primary and secondary schools, especially secondary vocational and technical schools and junior colleges. Gradually improve the treatment of primary and secondary school teachers. Colleges and universities should continue to hold various specialized courses for rural areas and train scientific and technological talents in a targeted manner. According to the standards set by the Ministry of Education, fees shall not be increased at will.
(7) Liberalize the rural financial policy and improve the efficiency of capital financing.
Credit cooperatives operate independently and are responsible for their own profits and losses. The funds of this institution are all for their own use, except for the deposit reserve required by the Agricultural Bank of China. After ensuring that the agricultural loans of members are met, rural industrial and commercial credit can be operated with the balance. Can carry out cross-regional deposit and loan business. Horizontal business contacts can occur between credit cooperatives and between credit cooperatives and professional banks. The deposit interest rate is allowed to fluctuate with reference to the benchmark interest rate set by the bank, and some can be close to the market interest rate. Credit cooperatives must abide by the national financial policy and accept the leadership of the Agricultural Bank.
Develop folk credit appropriately. Actively establish rural insurance.
Agricultural Bank should implement enterprise management to improve the efficiency of capital operation.
The sluggish rural loans before 1987 should and may be recovered. After recovery, it can be used as a low-interest loan, which will be arranged by the Agricultural Bank of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
The state funds for supporting underdeveloped areas and funds for supporting poor social teams shall be used uniformly by the administrative organs of all provinces and autonomous regions. According to the unified planning and construction plan, put into use according to the project positioning, and change the previous method of average decentralized use.
(eight) in accordance with the principle of voluntariness and mutual benefit and the requirements of commodity economy, actively develop and improve the rural cooperative system.
The contract responsibility system for joint production and the household management of farmers will remain unchanged for a long time. We will continue to improve land contracting methods and the responsibility system for forestry, animal husbandry, aquaculture and township enterprises.
Some cooperative economies adopt the method of joint-stock operation and share dividends, in which capital can be invested in shares, the means of production and labor invested in capital construction can also be invested in shares, and part of the operating profits can be paid in shares. This kind of joint-stock cooperation does not change the property ownership of shareholders, and avoids the disadvantages of combining property and balancing labor when emphasizing cooperation, but it can combine scattered production factors, quickly establish a new business scale, and accumulate some property. This method is worth advocating, but it must adhere to voluntary mutual benefit and prevent compulsory apportionment.
All services in rural areas, such as processing, supply and marketing, science and technology, should be jointly established by the state, collectives and individuals, especially in the form of cooperation. Supply and marketing cooperatives should be completely independent in accounting, be responsible for their own profits and losses, operate independently and accept democratic management by the masses.
Regional cooperative economic organizations should actively run machinery, water conservancy, plant protection and management services, and pay attention to taking measures to protect the ecological environment.
All kinds of cooperative economic organizations should formulate concise articles of association. Cooperative economic organizations are formed voluntarily by the masses, and rules and regulations should also be formulated democratically by the masses. How do you order good things and how long are you willing to carry them out? No one can interfere as long as it does not violate national policies and laws.
All things that farmers are required to set up with money must be discussed by the township people's congress and adhere to the "quota". Farmers have the right to refuse any additional apportionment. Supply means of production to farmers, and do not raise prices at will. All relevant departments and units should pay attention to protecting the interests of farmers, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of specialized households and doing a good job in poverty alleviation.
(9) Further expand economic exchanges between urban and rural areas and strengthen guidance on the construction of small towns.
Cities should continue to run all kinds of agricultural products wholesale markets and trading centers. Under the unified management of governments at all levels, farmers are allowed to open shops and workshops, set up service industries and provide various services in cities. Cities should provide convenient conditions for land use and service facilities. Use economic leverage to encourage industries suitable for decentralized production or requiring intensive labor to spread from cities to small towns and rural areas.
The development planning of small towns at or below the county level should meet the needs of commodity economy and strictly control the scale of land occupation. The construction land in the planning area can be commercialized by the land development company; Rural regional cooperative economic organizations are also allowed to build shops and service facilities as planned and operate and rent them independently. The construction of small towns must be carried out step by step through pilot projects according to the possibility of financial and material resources, and attention should be paid to avoiding blindness and preventing industrial pollution. Urban and rural construction departments must strengthen guidance to small towns, and at the same time, help to do a good job in the planning and design of rural housing construction.
Strengthen the county government's ability to manage and coordinate the economy. According to the principle of fiscal system division, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government can choose several counties to try out incremental fiscal contract, and increase the mobile financial resources of counties on the premise of ensuring the steady growth of national fiscal revenue.
(ten) the development of foreign economic and technological exchanges.
All localities should create conditions, introduce excellent varieties, advanced technologies, equipment and funds, and develop the export of agricultural products and their processed products.
Rural areas close to coastal open cities and special economic zones should become the external window of agriculture and the base of "introducing foreign materials into China". The Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula and other coastal areas should gradually form a production structure of "trade, workers and peasants", that is, develop agricultural products processing according to the needs of export trade, develop agricultural production according to the needs of processing, introduce advanced technology and improve product quality. The export authority of agricultural products should be relaxed and fresh products should be allowed to operate abroad. The specific measures shall be agreed by the foreign trade department and the relevant provinces and cities.
Land border areas should actively create conditions to restore and develop border trade with neighboring countries.
The above-mentioned ten policies were formulated according to the basic spirit of the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee on economic system reform and the new situation in rural areas. The implementation of these policies will further liberate rural productive forces and drive a new upsurge in agricultural production. At present, we are in a favorable opportunity, so we must mobilize cadres and the masses, unify our thoughts and actions, and seriously organize their implementation. Relevant departments should formulate specific implementation plans according to the above principles. The original policies and measures that contradict the above provisions should be stopped immediately.
After expanding market regulation and further liberalizing the economy, farmers will change from state-planned production to market-oriented production, and the state's planned management of agriculture will change from administrative leadership to economic means. Farmers and cadres have a process of adaptation and re-learning. Therefore, the reform must be carried out very actively and steadily. The central government requires leading cadres at all levels to personally participate in the reform practice of a place and a unit and gain direct experience to ensure the smooth progress of the reform.
In recent years, the style of rural cadres has obviously improved and won the support of the masses. However, in a few places, there are also unhealthy trends such as formalism, ostentation, exaggeration and abuse of power for personal gain. Leaders at all levels must keep a clear head, be good at educating cadres with historical experience, study hard, abide by laws and regulations, and work hard to make the rural economic reform proceed healthily and strive for new victories in the great cause of building socialism.