I. Korean culture, etiquette 1 Kimchi is a culture!　Korean kimchi is made by pickling cabbage, red chili sauce and anchovy paste. It has a spicy and sour flavor. Koreans love kimchi and can't live without it at every meal.　　Kimchi is a symbol of Korean culture: the flavor is strong, distinctive and a bit arrogant and provocative. Some foreign tourists can't stand the taste of kimchi, but if you can eat it, you'll earn the sincere respect of the locals.　　2 Take off your shoes!　　When you go to a Korean home as a guest, you have to take off your shoes. Not taking off your shoes is a very rude gesture.　　Koreans can't live without their floors, they sit on them and often sleep on them. Koreans cannot tolerate dirty floors in their homes. If foreign visitors enter their living rooms with their shoes on, they will think these Westerners are a bunch of uncivilized savages.　　3 Korean Soju!　　Korea has its own sake culture. One type of alcohol that the entire population boozes up is soju. Korean soju is a clear colored liquor with a taste similar to vodka.　　Koreans drink soju in small glasses and usually with food. They are very lively drinkers, clinking their glasses frequently and saying various toasts out loud before finishing their drinks. In the evening, you'll often see groups of people stumbling down the street after karaoke, laughing, singing and arguing about something.　　Koreans also have a lot of rules when it comes to drinking, such as you should never pour a drink just for yourself, or when you pour a drink for someone older than you, you have to put one hand over your heart or the arm that you're pouring the drink with as a sign of respect.　　4 Rice!　　Like the Japanese, Koreans eat rice at almost every meal. Rice is also a part of their culture. One of the most common greetings in Korea is "Did you eat rice today?　　But unlike the Japanese, Koreans eat rice with a spoon and they never lift their bowls to eat. Likewise, you can't stick your chopsticks in the rice because you only do it when making offerings to the dead.　　5. Don't laugh!　　Koreans are warm-hearted and generous, but you can't tell that in a public ****ing setting.　　Sometimes you can see a lot of sad faces or stern facial expressions on the streets of Korea. The exception to this is the little kids, who are always grinning and shouting "Hello! Hello!" They're always grinning and shouting "Hello!　　6 Watch your elbows!　　Korea is a crowded country. The terrain is mountainous, with only a few valleys and plains to live in.　　In such a country, the result is predictable. With so many people crammed into a small space, it's not uncommon to see people pushing and shoving in order to catch the bus, ride the elevator, or pick up their favorite food at the farmer's market.　　You don't even have to say "excuse me," but keep an eye out for older women.　　7 Protest!　　Koreans have worked hard to become a democratic society. Nowadays, they often exercise their right to protest and enjoy it.　　In fact, Koreans protest frequently and passionately about all issues in the political arena.　　8 Hiking!　　Korea is a mountainous country, so hiking is one of the best pastimes in the country.　　Even in the most crowded cities, there are several mountains where people can get away from the hustle and bustle of the city and achieve a moment of peace.　　In the mountains, Koreans are also on their best behavior. They smile and greet you and often insist on sharing their food and drinks with you. When you pass by a small hotel on the mountain, make sure you go in for a seafood pancake and a glass of rice wine.　　9 Dog meat!　　Yes, some Koreans do eat dog meat, despite the government's attempts to improve Korea's "international image" by shutting down some restaurants that sell dog meat soup.　　Koreans eat dog meat mainly in the summer, and most of the people who eat dog meat are men. It is said that eating dog meat improves energy 10 Nationalism!　　Koreans are a very proud bunch, and sometimes that pride can turn into rabid nationalism.　　You can feel this nationalism while watching some sporting events: thousands of Korean fans cheer in unison together for their national team, banging drums and waving flags at the same time. II.Japanese Etiquette and Culture Japan's National Day January 1? New Year's Day Second week of January? Bar Mitzvah Day February 11th? National Foundation Day March 23rd? Vernal Equinox Day April 29 Green Day May 3? Constitution Day May 4? National Day May 5? Day of the Child's Offering July 20? Day of the Sea September 15? Day of Respect for the Elderly September 23? Autumnal Equinox Day Monday, the second week of October Sports Day November 3? Cultural Festival November 23rd? Day of Thanks for Hard Work December 23rd? Birthday of the Emperor August 15? Obon Festival November 15th? It's important to note that Japan's national holidays don't stay the same for life. For example, Adults' Day was set on January 15 until 2000, when it was changed to the current date (I'm reminded of Nei again, and I'm a little torn up about it.) Autumn Equinox, Spring Equinox, and other festivals are similar to China's Ching Ming Festival (Qingming Festival). On the 15th of November, when boys are 3 and 5 years old and girls are 3 and 7 years old, the children are dressed in brightly colored clothes and visit shrines in order to brown them. Odd numbers are considered to be lucky numbers, so the ages of 7, 5 and 3 are taken from them. Japan's three major festivals 1. Kyoto Gion Festival July 1 ~ 29 every year is the festival of Yasaka Shrine, originated in the late ninth century, in order to pray, expel the plague, the night of the 16th, towns and cities of the old-fashioned families under the eaves of the house hanging colored lanterns, green curtains, laying mats, decorative flowers, erected screens, to give the festival added glory, with spears decorated with colorful car, brightly illuminated, playing the Gion music, the 17th brilliantly colorful spears On the 17th, the colorful spears and colorful carts go on tour, which makes the festival reach its climax. 2. Osaka Tenman Matsuri July 24~25 every year, it is famous for its unique water festival, also called Tenjin Matsuri" 3. Tokyo Sanno Matsuri June 13~14 every year, there is a Hie Shrine in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo, it is the festival of this shrine. Gift-giving habits of the Japanese 1. When giving a gift, the Japanese usually give an odd number to indicate good luck and avoid even numbers. 2. After receiving a gift, the Japanese usually return the gift. For example, if a person receives a monetary gift at a funeral, he or she must return the gift with a gift of equal value afterwards. After receiving a gift for a wedding, the Japanese will return a gift of general value to a superior or a person of equal status, and a gift of the same value to a person of lesser status than themselves, and often return the gift immediately after the wedding ceremony with a note of "Naishu" on it. When visiting a sick person or giving a farewell to a traveler, the income from the monetary gift is recorded, and if the giver of the gift is in the same situation, the recipient must return the gift. 3. When Japanese people give gifts (except for disasters and visits to the sick), it is customary to add colored paper strings and gift tags to the wrapping paper, such as marriage greetings, then write congratulations on the gift tag, "such as school entrance greetings. It is written on the congratulations on promotion" in the visit to the sick, funeral or by natural or man-made disasters and go to the condolences are not colorful paper rope and gift tag, but with the unused high-grade paper (called Fengshu") can not be used in red and white. On the top of the "Gosho", the words "Omimi-mai" are written, and in the case of a fire, the words "Konohimi-mai" are written. 4. Japanese people have a deep-rooted habit of giving gifts, except for visits, marriages, births, and the etiquette and culture of the United Kingdom, whose full name is the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland," or the United Kingdom for short.

The United Kingdom is an archipelago country in western Europe, with an area of 254,000 square kilometers and a population of 56.5 million, of which 83% are English. The main religions are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. The capital, London, is known as the "fog capital of the world. Sometimes the fog stays on for days. You can't see or hear anything more than a few steps away.

The present British government is a constitutional monarchy with a responsible cabinet system. The Parliament is divided into two houses, the upper and lower houses. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the people for a five-year term. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary or ordained nobles, clergymen, or social sages. In addition, the Cabinet, whose members were nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed with the consent of the King, held power. In addition, the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons and has the power to dissolve and re-elect the House of Commons. Succession to the throne is by the eldest daughter in case of childlessness. The current King is Elizabeth II.

Britain is known as the "workshop of the world". Britain was the first country in the world to industrialize. By 1850, Britain's industrial production accounted for 39% of the world's total output, trade volume accounted for 21% of the world's trade volume, both ranked first in the world. Coal and iron and steel production accounted for more than half of the world's total output.

Currently, Britain is the world's fourth largest trading nation, is dependent on foreign trade to develop their economies, is one of the world's largest importers of industrial raw materials and food.

The national identity of Britain is closely related to its cultural background. Britain's early economic development, in the eyes of most foreigners, the British "pretentious" and "difficult to approach". However, in fact, this is not entirely true. They are good at understanding each other and sympathizing with others. No matter what they do, they always try not to leave a bad impression, and their gentlemanly demeanor can be seen everywhere. They know how to create a coordinated environment, so that everyone can live in harmony and happiness. A strong sense of professionalism is another major characteristic of the British. After choosing a profession, they must make their own business excellence. Business interactions, they value friendship, not deliberately pursuing material, not weighing pounds, a style of everyone. Business negotiations, they often do not make adequate preparation, the details do not pay attention to, seem a little loose. But British businessmen are very kind, friendly, easy to get along with. Therefore, it is easy to solve problems. They are sociable, adaptable and flexible, and reflect constructive ideas positively. In the UK, "appearance is everything", so try to avoid showing your feelings when socializing with the British. Be sure to thank them for their hospitality, write to them afterward to express your gratitude, which will attract more attention, and give them small gifts to increase their friendship. Doing business in Britain, must be a trustworthy, promised things, must go all out to complete without fail.

British etiquette colorful, each other for the first time to know, generally to shake hands as a gift, unlike Eastern Europeans often embrace. Casual patting of guests is considered rude behavior, even after the end of business. The British have some taboos to pay attention to, such as they never walk under the ladder, in the house without an umbrella, never put shoes on the table, and portraits to do decorating and so on.

British people pay attention to clothing, wear to different times. They tend to judge people by their appearance, grooming attitude must pay particular attention. British people pay attention to dress, as long as the door, you have to dress well. Although the British are no longer as powerful as they used to be, they have a strong sense of self-importance. Middle and upper class people because of the comfortable life, therefore, developed a traditional "gentleman", "lady" style. But they are old-fashioned, generally keen to follow the rules, reserved and dignified. Generally families love the old furniture, old furnishings, old clocks and clocks passed down from previous generations to show off to others. The capital city of London has many "century-old stores", and the more famous the store, the more the original style or arrangement to maintain the more complete. Although automobile engines have been replaced with new models, the models are kept as old as possible. There are two post offices in London that are open 365 days a year, day and night, never resting, which is said to follow the old English tradition and preserved.

British people are aloof, stereotypical life, serious, not interested in outside things, often reticent, cautious attitude to new things, with a unique cool humor. They are conservative, indifferent, feelings of light will not be exposed, even if there is a very sad thing, but often do not show. They seldom lose their temper, patience, not willing to make unnecessary arguments with others. The British people are very patient, under any circumstances, they never show the color of anxiety.

The British people treat people courteously, speak very politely, "thank you", "please" word is not out of mouth. To the British speech should also be polite, whether they are a waiter or a driver, should be treated with courtesy, please ask him to do things to speak politely, do not make people feel that there is a commanding tone, otherwise, you may be cold. British for women is more respect, in the United Kingdom, "ladies first" social atmosphere is very strong. For example, when you walk, let the lady go first. Take the elevator to let women first. Take the bus **** car, tram, to let the woman first. Pouring wine to the female guest or hostess first. When walking on the street, men should walk on the outside to protect women from harm in case of danger. Husbands usually have to accompany his wife to participate in a variety of social activities, and it is always customary to first introduce his wife to the guest of honor to know. According to British business etiquette, it is always appropriate to wear a three-piece suit, wearing a traditional conservative tie, but do not play the striped tie, because the British will be associated with that is the old "Legion" or the old school uniform tie. The British have a very strong sense of time, to visit or negotiate business, before the visit must be pre-appointment, punctuality is very important, it is best to arrive a few minutes in advance as well. The way they get along is to strictly abide by the time and keep their promises.

British people still follow the traditional custom, it is advisable to avoid the old "English" word to indicate "British". If you meet two businessmen, one is Scottish or Welsh, you say he is "English", then, he will correct you that he is "Scottish" or "Welsh?quot;, it is appropriate to use the word "British". Be conservative and discreet in your approach to business. Shake hands for the first time or on special occasions, or to express approval and congratulations. In Britain, it is not popular to invite each other to breakfast to discuss business. Generally speaking, their lunch is relatively simple, and dinner is more important, as the main meal.

Therefore, the most important events are held at the dinner table. When you go to a British home, it is best to bring a few gifts of low value, because if you don't spend too much, you won't be suspected of paying a bribe. Gifts are generally: high-grade chocolate, wine, flowers, especially our national characteristics of folk arts and crafts, they are particularly appreciated. And there are guests of the company mark souvenirs are not interested. In the United Kingdom, clothing, soap and other items are not too involved in the private life of individuals, so the help is generally not used to send people. Chrysanthemums are only used for Halloween or funerals in any European country and are generally not suitable for gifting. White lilies symbolize death in the UK and are not suitable for gifting. All other flowers can be given as gifts. Potted plants are usually sent after a party. If you are invited to someone's home as a guest, it is important to note that if it is a social occasion, not business, it is impolite to arrive early as the hostess will have to make preparations for you, and if you go early and she is not ready, it will embarrass her. It is better to arrive 10 minutes late. In terms of accepting gifts, the British and our habits are very different. They often open the gift in front of the guest, regardless of the value of the gift, or whether it is useful, the host will give warm praise to show appreciation. Scotch whisky is a very common gift, strong whisky is not.

British businessmen generally do not like to invite to home banquets, parties are mostly in hotels and restaurants. British people's drinking, in a sense, is the main frugality. They hate wasteful people. For example, to make tea for guests, if there are three guests, must only burn three copies of the water. The British are very particular about tea drinking, people from all walks of life like to drink tea, especially women who are addicted to tea. The British also have the habit of drinking afternoon tea, that is, in the afternoon at 3-4 o'clock, put down the hands of the work, a cup of black tea, and sometimes eat a piece of confectionery, rest for a quarter of an hour, known as the "Tea Break". Hosts often invite you *** with the afternoon tea, in this case, there is no need to push back. In formal banquets, smoking is generally not allowed. Smoking at meals is considered rude.

In Britain, invitations to lunch, dinner, a drink in a pub or to watch a play, ballet, etc., will be treated as the equivalent of a gift. Drinks provided by the host, the guest to drink no more than 3 cups is appropriate, if you feel that enough to drink, you can turn the empty glass quickly, and then handed to the host, which indicates that enough to drink, thank you for the meaning. Taverns are usually open from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., and from 5:30 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. There are usually more thirsty people in the pubs, and at peak times, the later customers have no seats, so they just buy a change of wine and stand around drinking.

British businessmen respond positively to constructive comments. Well-dressed, well-presented, attending banquets or parties, used to wear black dresses, pants must be ironed straight. Visit Britain to pay attention to some of their taboos: avoid talking about personal affairs, family matters, marriage, funeral, age, occupation, income, religious issues. For religious reasons, they are very jealous of the number "13", which is considered to be an unlucky number. They try to avoid the number "13" in their daily life and do not allow 13 people to share the same table during meals, which is considered to be doubly inauspicious if the 13th falls on a Friday. The back of the hand should not be turned outward, and the fingers should not be used to indicate "two", as this "V" shaped gesture is a hostile way of treating others with contempt. When walking on the street, pay attention to traffic safety and drive on the left side of the road. Business activities are best conducted from February to June and from mid-September to November. It is best not to go before or after Christmas and Easter. In the UK, there is a bank spring vacation (Pentecost) in June (the first weekend) and a bank summer vacation in August (the last weekend). Drinking water is safe. Medical care is free in the UK, even for foreigners who come to the UK temporarily and have an emergency.

Four, French etiquette France is a civilized and polite country. Modesty and courtesy to women is a tradition that the French are proud of. French people meet and greet, the most common way than shaking hands. However, when shaking hands, one is to shake time should not be too long, and secondly, there is no need to hold people's hands vigorously shaking. Generally, women extend their hands to men first, and older people extend their hands to younger people first. Superiors to subordinates reach out first.

Kisses

France was the first country to recognize kisses as a sign of affection. The French have strict boundaries for kissing: they are sticking their faces or cheeks when they see their friends, relatives and coworkers after a long time of separation, and elders are kissing their foreheads to their juniors, and only kissing their mouths or kissing each other between lovers and couples.

Wedding customs

Before getting engaged, the ceremony is simple, and the woman's parents usually invite the man's parents and siblings to a banquet, and other relatives, or even one or two close friends, may be invited to attend at the same time. Weddings have been gradually simplified, but are still the grandest of family festivals, with a solemn and sacred color. Weddings are celebrated by the mayor or one of his deputies, customarily on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. The wedding is celebrated by the mayor or one of his deputies. After the wedding feast. In some places in rural France, a property marriage contract is signed and notarized before the wedding. The marriage contract should be written in all the property of the fiancé and the couple, the fiancée's dowry and the fiancé's estate. Marriage age commemoration has become a festive custom in folklore. A woman may remarry after 300 days of widowhood or after 300 days of declared separation from her husband, while there is no time limit for men.

Spirit's Day

Spirit's Day is celebrated on November 1 every year, which is equivalent to the Qingming Festival in China. It is customary for the French to go to cemeteries on this day to pay tribute to the memory of martyrs who died for their country. St. Catherine's Day Paris "older young women" holiday. Every year on November 25, the day, over 25 years of age and not yet married girls to the statue of Caterina to lay a bouquet of flowers, and then to the big boutiques to dance, drinking and revelry, and finally chose a most beautiful girl as the queen of the festival.

Dining habits

The French regard cooking as an art, and French cuisine is indeed a global phenomenon. Three meals a day in France are usually organized in this way. Breakfast: bread, coffee, hot chocolate; Lunch: Lunch is the most important meal for the French, usually around 1:00 p.m., and dinner after nine o'clock. The French social meal generally lasts more than two hours, starting with appetizers, then fish or spaghetti, and then the main course, which is accompanied by a lot of lettuce, salad, cheese, fruit, and sometimes sweet snacks, and after-dinner coffee is also essential.

1) social etiquette

Compared with the British and Germans, the French people in the hospitality performance is very different. The main features are as follows:

Firstly, they love to socialize and are good at socializing. For the French, socializing is an important part of life, and a life without social activities is unimaginable.

Second, witty humor and romantic nature. They are mostly bright and enthusiastic in their interpersonal interactions. Good at eloquent and talkative, good jokes, hate people who do not like to speak, it is difficult to accept the sad face. Influenced by traditional culture, the French not only love adventure, but also like romantic experience.

Third, the desire for freedom, poor discipline. The French are the most famous "liberals" in the world. "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" is not only the French Constitution as the country's national motto, but also in the coat of arms explicitly written. Although they pay attention to the rule of law, but generally poor discipline, do not like collective action to deal with the French, the appointment must be agreed in advance, and on time to the appointment, but also to be prepared for their possible late arrival in advance.

Fourth, strong self-esteem, favoring "national goods". France's fashion, food and art are renowned around the world, and under this influence, the French have a strong sense of national self-esteem and national pride, and in their view, everything in the world is the best in France. If you can speak a few words of French when talking to a French person, you will surely make them enthusiastic.

Fifth, chivalry, respect for women. In interpersonal communication in the French people to take the etiquette of the main handshake, embrace etiquette and kiss the face.

(2) Dress etiquette

The French are the most famous in the world for their dress. The so-called "Parisian style" means the same as fashion and fashionable in the ears of the world.

On formal occasions: the French usually wear suits, suits or dresses, the color is blue, gray or black, the texture is mostly pure wool.

When attending ceremonies: generally wear a dress. For men, it's a tuxedo with a bow tie or a black suit; for women, it's a dressy, monochromatic coat or gown.

The French believe it is all about the right mix and match. In the choice of hairstyles, handbags, hats, shoes, watches, glasses, are very much emphasized to make it with their own dress in harmony.

(3) Catering etiquette

As one of the world's three culinary kingdoms known to the world, the French are very concerned about food. Among the western food, French food can be said to be the most elaborate.

The French love pasta, and there are many kinds of bread; most of them love cheese; in terms of meat, they love beef, pork, chicken, caviar, foie gras, and don't eat fat meat, pets, animal offal other than liver, scaly fish and fish with spines.

The French are particularly good drinkers, they almost meals must drink, and pay attention to the table to different varieties of alcohol with different dishes; in addition to alcohol, the French usually also love to drink raw water and coffee.

French people eat, both hands are allowed to put on the table, but is not allowed to two elbows on the table, in the lower knife and fork, they used to put half of it on the plate, half on the table.

(4) Customary taboos

The national flower of France is the iris. For chrysanthemums, peonies, roses, azaleas, daffodils, marigolds and paper flowers, it is generally not advisable to give them freely to the French.

The national bird of France is the rooster, which they believe is the direct embodiment of bravery and tenacity.

The national stone of France is the pearl.

The French mostly love blue, white and red, and the colors they avoid are mainly yellow and dark green.

The numbers "13" and "Friday" are taboo for the French.

In the interpersonal communication, the French people on the gift is very important, but also has its special attention. It is advisable to choose items of artistic taste and commemorative significance, not to knives, swords, scissors, cutlery or items with obvious advertising signs. It is also inappropriate for a man to give perfume to a woman in a general relationship. It is a sign of rudeness to accept a gift without opening its package in front of the giver

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