research on the development of towns in Hexi minority areas in the construction of ecological environment

Abstract: Hexi minority areas are located in the upper reaches of major rivers in Hexi, which is the key zone for the construction of Hexi ecology. Based on the analysis of the present situation and dynamic mechanism of urban development, this paper puts forward some strategic suggestions for the rapid and sustainable development of cities and towns with the aim of speeding up urbanization, reducing the pressure on regional ecological environment and improving the ecological contribution of cities and towns.

Keywords: ecological environment construction, characteristic industry, green human settlement

research on urban development of Hexi minority area for eco-environment construction

duanhuan-e1lizhi-gang2

(1.geogr. aphical Information System Department, Lanzhou Jiao tong University, Lanzhou, 731171;

2. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 111184)

Abstract: Hexi minority area is located in upper reaches of the chief rivers of Hexi corridor, so eco-environment construction in this area become the key of resolving the eco-environment problem in Hexi corridor from fountainhead. On the base o f analyzing the situation and driving factors of urban development in this area, some tactic suggests for urban sustainable development are advanced, arming at speeding up the progress of urbanization and alleviating the pressure of eco-environment, so as to raise the eco-environment contribution degree of urban.

Key words: eco-environment construction; special industry; Green human settlements

Hexi minority areas mainly refer to Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County and Aksai Kazak Autonomous County, which are located in the southwest of Hexi Corridor from east to west, with a total area of 1.32 million km2. They are located in the upper reaches of major rivers in Hexi, such as Shiyang River, Heihe River, Shule River and Danghe River, and are the main body of water conservation zone in Hexi area and ecological protection project in Qilian Mountain. With the change of global climate, the problem of ecological environment in Hexi has become a hot and difficult point in environmental construction and protection in western China. How to improve the development level of upstream towns as soon as possible, speed up population and industrial agglomeration and reduce ecological pressure is an important measure to improve the ecological environment in Hexi area from the source and an inevitable choice to promote the sustainable development of ethnic areas.

1. Evaluation of the present situation of urban development

1.1 The urbanization rate is high, but the urban development lacks a strong driving force from the secondary and tertiary industries

In p>2112, the urbanization rate of the population in four counties was 72. 38% in Aksai, 45.31% in Subei, 29.13% in Sunan and 14.15% in Tianzhu, except Tianzhu. The three industrial structures are: 8.51: 58.82: 32.67, 13.53: 54.73: 32.14, 41.15: 33.47: 26.38 and 22.59: 41.45: 37.36, respectively, forming an economic structure dominated by the secondary industry. However, on the one hand, industrial enterprises are small in scale, scattered in layout, with low added value of products, and industrial production has a weak driving force for urban construction and population urbanization; On the other hand, the high urbanization rate of Aksai, Subei and Sunan counties is largely due to the small population base, and the employees of administrative institutions account for a large proportion of the urban population. In fact, the proportion of urban population employed by secondary and tertiary industries is small, so the development of cities and towns still needs the support and drive of further population and industry agglomeration.

1.2 The town scale is small, and the administrative spatial layout is extremely uneven

There are 4 counties and towns and 8 non-county towns in the four ethnic autonomous counties. Compared with the county population, the number of towns is quite large, but the distribution of administrative areas is extremely uneven. There are 8 towns with an area of 7,111 km2 in Tianzhu County, basically forming the first-class axis belt of Huazang Temple-Dachaigou-anyuan town County with Huazang Temple (county) as the core and G312 and Lanxin Railway as the main axis, and the second-class axis belt of Huazang Temple-Shimen Town-Tanshanling Town with Hua (Zangsi)-Tian (Tangsi) Highway as the main axis, but The other three counties are basically polar spatial structures with the county as the single center. The villages and towns outside the county are poorly located and sparsely populated. Without the pull of large enterprises or construction projects, it will be difficult to form small towns of a certain scale for a long time. Mazongshan Town in the north of Subei County is relatively independent from other areas in the county, regardless of labor division or urban construction planning, because it is far from the county. Therefore, the cohesion and radiation of cities and towns are very weak, and it is difficult to promote the efficient and coordinated development of county economy.

1.3 The infrastructure is backward, and the service capacity and service level of cities and towns for economic development are poor

Except that there is a trunk line connection between G312 in Tianzhu County and Hongliuwan (G215) in Aksai, other cities and towns are far away from the trunk line of Hexi Corridor, and they are far away from the central cities of Hexi such as Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Jiayuguan, lacking external radiation and drive. Inside the town, due to the large investment gap and backward infrastructure construction, except for the centralized water supply and heating in the process of new town construction in Aksai Hongliuwan, the facilities of heating, water supply and drainage, garbage disposal and other towns are backward, and the social facilities such as culture, education and health are tense, so the service capacity of towns for economic development is extremely limited.

1.4 Lack of scientific planning and prospect design, and insufficient stamina for urban development

First of all, the understanding of the scale and division of functions of towns is not clear enough. No matter how many towns there are in the four ethnic autonomous counties, there are problems such as the lack of scientific prediction for the determination of the scale of urban development, the lack of effective design for the determination of urban industrial priorities, and the fate of urban economy is largely pinned on the fate of a few enterprises. Secondly, the external forces such as the contact between autonomous counties and surrounding areas have not been fully tapped. Without exception, the prefecture-level cities in the four counties are the most important external gravity centers, and the differences in scale, industry and location conditions between county towns and prefecture-level cities make the role of this force very limited. Autonomous counties lack the linkage mechanism of resource sharing and cooperative development among themselves and with central and eastern Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and the development potential of cities and towns is insufficient.

2. Analysis of the dynamic mechanism of urban development

2.1 The development of local mineral resources and tourism resources promotes rich resources, and the best spatial combination is the most prominent advantage of this area. The development of Tianzhu Coal Mine, mineral resources in Subei South and Beishan Mountain areas and Aksai Asbestos has strongly promoted the development of Tanshanling Town, Mazongshan Town, Dangcheng Bay and Hongliu Bay, and the development of Tianzhu "Little Three Gorges" and other tourism resources has directly contributed to it.

2.2 Ecological immigrants are located in the northern foot of Qilian Mountain, which makes the development of towns in this area on the one hand build a platform for regional social and economic construction, on the other hand, it has great strategic significance such as resettling ecological immigrants and accelerating population urbanization, thus reducing the ecological pressure of vast mountainous areas and grasslands and enhancing water conservation and ecological protection in Hexi area. At present, a certain proportion of ecological immigrants are concentrated in various towns, and Aksai Hongliu Bay is directly developed due to ecological immigrants. Now, with the comprehensive start of the ecological restoration and reconstruction project in the west, the intensity of ecological migration has been further increased, and cities and towns have received and resettled immigrants to varying degrees, and the population size of cities and towns will gradually expand.

2.3 Cross-regional traffic and communication promoted the gradual improvement of the grades of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, G312 and other traffic trunk lines, which effectively promoted the development of towns along the line. The development of Huazang Temple, Dachaigou, anyuan town, Mazongshan and other towns is directly driven by traffic exchange.

2.4 the improvement of the development level of agriculture and animal husbandry promotes the transfer of rural population. The urbanization of agricultural population is the main reason for the expansion of the population in small towns. The improvement of the development level of agriculture and animal husbandry and structural adjustment in this area have effectively promoted the development and expansion of towns. For example, 72% of farmers and herdsmen in Subei County and 82% in Aksai County have settled in the county towns and gradually moved to the secondary and tertiary industries such as agricultural product processing, commerce and catering.

3. the strategic choice of urban development

the special geographical location makes the development of towns in this area shoulder the dual tasks of developing local economy and caring for the ecological security of the whole Hexi area. Therefore, the main task of urban development should be to establish a platform for regional modern economy, science and technology and management, so as to attract population and industrial concentration, reduce rural ecological pressure, promote environmental protection and construction, and gradually form a strategic mechanism for regional sustainable development.

3.1 basically stabilize the number of cities and towns, expand the scale of cities and towns, and improve the functions of cities and towns

As mentioned before, compared with the regional population size, there are quite a few cities and towns in the four minority autonomous counties in Hexi. At present, the main problems are the small scale of cities and towns, weak self-development ability and driving force. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to expand the scale of counties and towns, and form a county economic agglomeration center and radiation source. In Tianzhu County, it is necessary to expand the scale of towns along G312, strengthen the county-level axis belt with the county as the center, expand the scale of Shimen Town, actively explore the sustainable development road of Tanshanling Town, promote the development of the secondary axis belt, and expand the anti-L-shaped spatial network framework with the county as the center and the main traffic lines as the link. Sunan County can make use of the development of tourism resources in Horseshoe Temple and Qifeng District and the condition that it is close to the main traffic lines, set up towns, form two "portals" in the east and west of the county, and build a "one center, two portals" urban system structure. Minghua District is the main migration area of ecological immigrants in Sunan County, where farming and aquaculture are relatively concentrated, so small towns can be set up in the long-term (after 2121) planning. Subei County and Aksai County have a small population, and 72% of Subei County and 82% of Aksai County's herdsmen live in the county town, so it is not suitable to build new towns. In the future, the focus is to improve the functions of the county town, improve the environment of the county town and build a solid platform for social and economic development in the county.

3.2 comprehensive development of characteristic resources and development of characteristic industry-driven towns

are the internal driving forces for backward areas to achieve leapfrog development. The rich mineral resources, special landforms and ecological landscapes, simple and unique ethnic customs, ancient and distant cultures and other tourism resources in this area, as well as the growing animal husbandry in a pure natural environment, provide unique conditions for the rapid and comprehensive development of the region. This coincides with the regional transfer of industrial structure, the increasingly heated new hot spots in the tourism market, such as ethnic customs tour, diversified scenery tour, characteristic culture tour, ecological sightseeing tour, body-building tour, pilgrimage to the past and other new trends in the food market, but the lack of a platform for comprehensive and coordinated industrial development has long restricted the development of characteristic economy. Therefore, we should strengthen the research and design of urban development direction and develop characteristic industry-driven towns.

3.2.1 Improve the urban environment and develop tourist towns. 1 Make full use of the existing industrial bases of mineral resources and primary processing of livestock products in towns such as Hongliuwan in Aksai, Hongwansi in Sunan County and Dangchengwan in Subei County, strengthen the comprehensive development of resources, take industrial and mining development as the driving force and financing means for the county's recent development, strengthen the urban infrastructure construction, improve the urban environment and service level, and at the same time, strengthen the construction of transportation networks between towns and key tourist attractions to improve the accessibility of scenic spots. Strengthen the planning, development and management of Tianzhu "Little Three Gorges", Sunan Horseshoe Temple, manjusri temple and other scenic spots, strengthen ecological construction and protection, and highlight the tourism characteristics of Shimen Town, Horseshoe Temple and Qifeng District.

3.2.2 Deepen mineral development and promote the sustainable development of resource-based towns. This area is rich in mineral resources such as asbestos, coal, iron, manganese and building materials, and the mineral development and processing industry has begun to take shape. Tanshanling Town in Tianzhu County is mainly engaged in coal development, and the income of asbestos in Axe accounts for more than 91% of the county's fiscal revenue. Huazang Temple, Haxi Town, Sunan County, Mazongshan Town, Subei County, Tianzhu County. We should further strengthen the comprehensive development of mineral resources, increase the proportion of environmental protection products, actively explore alternative industries, avoid the development mode of "exhaustion of mines and decline of cities" and ecological destruction as soon as possible, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of cities and towns.

3.2.3 accelerating the industrialization of animal husbandry and expanding the animal husbandry in characteristic agricultural towns are the mainstay of rural economy in Hexi minority areas. The natural pasture in this area is vast and pollution-free, and it is close to the grassland bases in Jiuquan and Zhangye Oasis. White yak and other livestock species are unique, and there are investment cooperation from Inner Mongolia Grassland Xingfa and other large groups to speed up the collectivization and industrialization of animal husbandry. On the one hand, it can extend the industrial chain of animal husbandry and increase the added value of products. On the other hand, it will promote the intensive utilization of grassland resources, strengthen the overall management and management of grassland, enhance the water conservation capacity of grassland, and accelerate the transfer and resettlement of rural surplus labor, which will not only reduce the ecological pressure of grassland, but also promote the development of agricultural small towns and improve the economic, social and ecological benefits of animal husbandry development. The processing of livestock products such as Huazang Temple, anyuan town, Haxi Town in Tianzhu County and Hongwan Temple in Sunan County has a certain foundation, and the market prospect is broad. We should further reform the grassland land circulation system, actively develop characteristic livestock products closely combined with minority cultures and customs, realize the industrialization of animal husbandry, and promote the growth of characteristic agricultural towns.

3.2.4 Make full use of the opportunity of traffic construction to develop traffic service-oriented towns. The towns near the main traffic lines in this area mainly include Huazang Temple, Dachaigou (Lanxin Railway, G312), Hongliuwan (G215) in Aksai and Mazongshan Town in Subei County, among which Dachaigou Town is Wushaoling Railway Tunnel.