North Korean business etiquette
(1) Basic overview
The official name of North Korea is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Located in the northeast of Asia, with a total area of about123,200 square kilometers and a total population of more than 23.9 million, it is a single Korean. The capital is Pyongyang, which means "plain" or "flat land".
North Korea's name means "bright Asahi" in Korean, and North Korea means "a country with bright Asahi".
North Korea's national day is September 9. 1949 10 6. North Korea and China formally established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.
(2) Social etiquette
Koreans pay great attention to etiquette in public. Bow to strangers and say "hello!" " When saluting, you are usually not allowed to wear a hat or take things. Under normal circumstances, the host should salute the guests first, and the younger generation and subordinates should salute the elders and superiors first. The other party must also bow in return.
Koreans have a good tradition of respecting the elderly. In Korean folk, when the younger generation visits their elders, they sometimes bow.
In daily communication, Koreans are used to calling themselves positions and titles. "Jin", "Li", "Park", "Cui" and "Zheng" are collectively called "the five major surnames of North Korea".
(3) dress etiquette
Koreans usually wear suits in their daily activities. On holidays, they have the habit of wearing their own national costumes. Women usually wear short coats and long skirts. Men's national costumes include coats, trousers, vests, robes and so on. Historically, the national costumes worn by Koreans have always been dominated by white. Therefore, it is called "the country in white". Therefore, North Korea is called "the country in white".
(D) Catering etiquette
The staple food in North Korea is rice flour, among which rice, cakes, cold noodles and jiaozi soup are the most popular and the best choice for entertaining guests. Most Korean dishes are hot and sour. Avoid greasy cooking and don't put sugar, pepper and other condiments. The most famous Korean dishes are kimchi, roast beef, ginseng chicken and so on. Most Koreans love dog meat.
Koreans generally love to drink, and the daily drink is cold boiled water or tea. The main dietary taboo of North Koreans is not to eat duck, mutton or fat pork. Korean tableware pays attention to copper bowls in winter and porcelain bowls in summer. When eating, Koreans who pay attention to respecting the elderly must first help their elders with food, and their elders must move chopsticks first.
(5) Custom taboos
Koreans have special feelings for Jindalai flower (azalea). Jindalai flower is regarded as the embodiment of their nation and a symbol of prosperity and eternal happiness, so they regard her as the national flower. For hibiscus, Koreans are also very affectionate and think that she symbolizes perseverance. So some people say that the national flower of North Korea is hibiscus. The animals most admired by Koreans are bears and tigers. The former is regarded as the ancestor of its nation. The latter is regarded as a mountain god among the people. In the past, Koreans generally worshipped the sun god and thought that white represented sunshine, so they loved white.
North Koreans don't like the number "4" very much, because its pronunciation is similar to "death" and it is regarded as only bad luck.
It is better for Koreans to pass things with their hands. Don't spit, blow your nose or wipe your ears in front of others.
Korean business etiquette
I) Basic overview
The official name of Korea is the Republic of Korea. It is located in the northeast of Asia, with a total area of 99,000 square kilometers and a population of10 million. It is a single South Korea, the capital of Seoul, with Buddhism as the main religion and Korean as the official language.
The name of Korea as a country comes from the name "Korea" set by Li Xi in 1897 during the Li Dynasty in history.
National Day of Korea, August 15.
1On August 24th, 992, South Korea and China formally established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.
(2) Social etiquette
In formal communication situations, Koreans generally hold hands as a meeting etiquette. Korean women generally do not shake hands with men, but often bow or nod. Koreans sometimes bow before shaking hands on many occasions; When saying goodbye to others, Koreans often salute three or five times if the other person is a person with status and status. Some Koreans even say goodbye and salute once.
Generally speaking, Koreans like to use honorifics and honorifics to address others.
Koreans attach great importance to appointment, punctuality and the use of business cards.
(3) dress etiquette
Koreans are very concerned about how to dress in social situations. Usually wear a suit when socializing. A slovenly person is as contemptible as a person who dresses too revealing and thorough.
On holidays or some special occasions, Koreans often wear their own traditional clothes: men wear jackets on top and wide crotch pants on the bottom. Or add a vest, or even put on a robe. Most Korean women wear short jackets and long skirts that reach to the chest.
It is impolite to take part in social activities barefoot. You need to take off your shoes before entering the house. You are not allowed to point your shoes directly into the house.
(D) Catering etiquette
The main characteristics of Korean diet are spicy and sour. The staple food is mainly rice and cold noodles. Their favorite dishes are kimchi, roast beef, roast dog meat, ginseng chicken and so on. There are not many varieties of Korean food, most of which are relatively light.
There are many drinks in Korea. Korean men usually drink a lot, and they always prepare shochu, sake and beer. Most Korean women don't drink. Koreans usually don't drink porridge and clear soup, and I believe only the poor will do so. Koreans generally don't eat greasy, greasy and sweet food, and don't eat ducks, mutton and fat pork.
(5) Custom taboos
Most Koreans cherish white and worship bears and tigers. Lotus is the national flower, pine is the national tree, magpie is the national bird, and tiger is the national animal. Don't call it "Korea", "Korea" or "Korean". Call it "Korea" or "Korean" respectively.
Koreans have strong national self-esteem. They emphasize the so-called "native land", oppose worshipping foreign things and flattering foreign countries, and advocate using domestic products. In Korea, people with foreign famous brands are often looked down upon by Koreans. When you need to give gifts to Koreans, you should choose flowers, wine or handicrafts. However, it is best not to send Japanese goods. When accepting gifts, most Koreans are not used to opening packages on the spot.
Korean folks still pay attention to "men are superior to women." When men and women sit together, women should automatically sit in the next seat, and they should not sit higher than men, and women should not laugh or laugh loudly in front of men.
Japanese business etiquette
(1) Basic overview
The official name of Japan is Japan, which is located in the east of Asia, with a total area of 377,800 square kilometers and a population of about 65.438+252 billion. It is composed of Yamato people, Ainu people, Koreans and China people. Yamato is the main ethnic group in Japan, accounting for about 99% of the total population of Japan. The capital is Tokyo. The main religions are Shinto and Buddhism. Shintoism is an inherent religion in Japan. Worship the so-called "gods" symbolizing the sun. The national language of Japan is Japanese.
The name of Japan means "the place where the sun rises", that is, "the country of sunrise".
Japan's National Day, which is the birthday of the current Japanese emperor, is September 29th.
1972 On September 29th, the Chinese and Japanese governments issued a joint statement on the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan.
(2) Social etiquette
Japanese people usually bow as a meeting etiquette. There is also a special emphasis on the degree, length and frequency of bowing. When you bow, don't hold anything in your hand and don't wear a hat. Japan sometimes bows when shaking hands. Japanese women in general, especially rural women in Japan, just bow their heads.
In rural Japan, saying goodbye to relatives and friends usually includes kneeling or shaking hands. What women do is kneel, that is, kneel, and what men do is shake clogs in the air.
When Japanese meet others for the first time, they usually exchange business cards, otherwise it will be interpreted as unwilling to associate.
In communication situations, the Japanese creed is "Don't disturb others". Therefore, it is forbidden to talk loudly and laugh. But in front of outsiders, you have to be all smiles. The Japanese think it's polite.
(3) dress etiquette
Japanese people pay great attention to dress in social situations. Business and foreign occasions usually wear a suit. In folk communication, they sometimes wear kimonos with cloth socks, clogs or grass clogs. Historically, Japan has a strict hierarchy, and the color, pattern, style, fabric and even wearing method of kimono are all related to the status and identity of the wearer.
Japanese people have four views on clothes: First, Japanese people think that untidy clothes mean that they are not well educated or don't respect their colleagues. Second, when visiting a Japanese home, you should take off your coat, trench coat and shoes before entering the door. Third, when you are a guest, don't take off your coat without the host's permission. Fourth, when attending celebrations or ceremonies, no matter how hot the weather is, you should wear a suit or skirt.
(D) Catering etiquette
Japanese cuisine is generally called Japanese cuisine or Japanese cuisine, which can be summarized as "five flavors", "five colors" and "five methods". The "five flavors" are: bitter in spring, sour in summer, sweet in autumn, and astringent in winter. These "five colors" are: green spring, Zhu Xia, white autumn, Dong Xuan, and then the widely used yellow. The so-called "five methods" refer to five cooking methods: steaming, burning, boiling, frying and eating raw.
Japanese dietary taboos are: no fat pork and pig offal, and some people don't like mutton and duck. Japanese people love drinking very much, and people generally like drinking tea.
When eating, the Japanese have the saying "avoid eight chopsticks": first, avoid licking chopsticks; Secondly, it is forbidden to be obsessed with chopsticks, that is, it is not allowed to use chopsticks to sway on food; Third, it is forbidden to move chopsticks, that is, it is not allowed to clip one dish with another. Fourth, it is forbidden to twist chopsticks, that is, it is not allowed to swallow chopsticks upside down in your mouth; Fifth, it is forbidden to insert chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to be inserted into meals or used as forks to fork meals; Sixth, it is forbidden to dig chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to be used in food; Seventh, it is forbidden to cross chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to cross bowls and plates; Eighth, avoid chopsticks, that is, chopsticks are not allowed to be used as toothpicks.
(5) Custom taboos
Cherry blossoms are the national flower of Japan, while lotus flowers are only used for funeral activities. Chrysanthemum is a symbol of the Japanese royal family, and potted flowers and flowers with soil are understood as "rooting and sprouting". Crystal clear is the national stone of Japan. Japanese people like macaques and pheasants very much, and they are recognized as national treasures and national birds respectively. At the same time, they like cranes and turtles, and think that they are both representatives of longevity and good luck.
Generally speaking, Japanese people like white and yellow. Hate green and purple. In Japan, green and purple are ominous and sad colors. The Japanese have the custom of respecting the number "7". However, "4" and "9" are considered very unlucky.
Japanese people like to give people small gifts. Japanese people think it is impolite to look each other in the eye. Therefore, they will never stare at each other.
Indian business etiquette
(1) Basic overview
India's official country names are India and China, which are located in the South Asian subcontinent, with a total area of 2,974,700 square kilometers and a population of 938 million. It is composed of Hinduism, Punjab and other 10 ethnic groups and several other small ethnic groups. The main ethnic group is Hinduism, accounting for 46% of the total population. The main religions are Hinduism, Islam, _ _ _ and Buddhism. India has 179 languages, Hindi is the national language and English is the official language. The capital is New Delhi, which comes from "Delhi", meaning "hill" and "highland", to commemorate Raja, an ancient Indian maharaja who rebuilt the city in 100 BC. Middot is named after Delhi.
India's name comes from the "reliability" river. In ancient India, "reliability" refers to rivers, and now it refers to the whole South Asian subcontinent.
India's National Day is 65438+1October 26th.
1 950 On April1day, India and China formally established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.
(2) Social etiquette
There are many social etiquette in India: folding ceremony, hugging ceremony, covering ceremony, touching feet ceremony, raising hands ceremony and so on. Shaking hands is also very popular. Indians often greet their guests with wreaths. Indians used to pay great attention to rank, status and identity. India's unique caste system is divided into four grades: one is "Brahman", that is, monks; Second, it is "Khrushchev", that is, aristocratic families and aristocratic families; The third is "barking", that is, civilians; Fourth, it is "sudra", that is, Dalits. In addition, there is "untouchable", which is called "Harry Zhen". The traditional caste system has been widely criticized, but its influence still exists.
(3) dress etiquette
Indians dress simply and cleanly, but there are different nationalities. Generally speaking, Hindustan men wear "Gilda", that is, a loose round-neck gown, and "Totti", that is, pants are wrapped in a piece of white cloth and hang down to their feet. In formal activities, coats are added to "Gilda". Women wear saris. A long towel made of a large piece of silk is worn outside the underwear. Hindus wear white boat hats, Muslims wear Islamic hats and Sikhs wear headscarves.
Indian women point "auspicious moles" on their foreheads, which used to mean that women are married, but now they are used for dressing up.
(D) Catering etiquette
The staple food of Indians is rice and pasta, and the cooking methods are frying, boiling and stewing. They like to add all kinds of spices, especially spicy spices. There are many vegetarians in India, and the higher their social status, the more taboo they are. According to the canon, Hindus and Sikhs don't eat beef, Muslims don't eat pork, and Jains avoid killing animals and eating meat.
Indians eat with their right hands.
(5) Custom taboos
The national flower of India is the lotus, the national bird is the blue peacock, the national tree is the bodhi tree and the national stone is the pearl.
Indians worship blue peacocks and yellow cattle, and the whole country respects and cares for cows. They don't fight, kill or use cowhide products.
Devout Hindus have the habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Fasting for three days a year and not eating during the day. Hindus also believe that "bathing in the river can eliminate evil." In some parts of southern India, people are used to shaking their heads in agreement.
Indians are afraid of white crescent moon patterns and giving away lilies.