Urban drainage and sewage treatment are important components of municipal public utilities and urbanization. In recent years, great progress has been made in urban drainage and sewage treatment in China, but there are also some outstanding problems: First, the construction of urban drainage infrastructure lags behind, and heavy rains and waterlogging disasters occur frequently. In some places, urban infrastructure construction is lack of overall planning, with emphasis on the ground over the underground, emergency over peacetime prevention, inadequate construction, low standards, unbalanced ratio of hardened ground to permeable ground, and the construction of urban drainage capacity lags behind the rapid expansion of urban scale. Second, the behavior of sewage discharge is not standardized, and the safety of facilities operation can not be guaranteed, which affects the safety of urban public security. At present, there is no corresponding legislation on urban drainage at the national level. Some drainage households exceeded the standard, and industrial waste residue, construction mud, catering grease and medical sewage were directly discharged into the pipe network without pretreatment measures, which affected the operation safety of the pipe network and sewage treatment plant and the public safety of the city. Third, the operation and management of sewage treatment plants are not standardized, and the compliance rate of sewage sludge treatment and disposal is low. Some sewage treatment plants discharge sewage in violation of regulations or exceeding the standard, dump or pile up sludge without authorization, or fail to treat and dispose of sludge as required, resulting in secondary pollution. Fourth, the supervision of government departments is not in place and the accountability is not clear. The supervision of government departments on drainage and sewage treatment is not in place, and there is no clear stipulation on the accountability of state staff who fail to perform their statutory duties and the legal responsibility of drainage households and other subjects. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to formulate the Regulations on Urban Drainage and Sewage Treatment, and bring urban drainage and sewage treatment into the track of rule of law.
overall consideration
China is in an important period of industrialization and urbanization. The general considerations for formulating the regulations are: First, coordinating urban construction and development and urban drainage and sewage treatment. Urban drainage and sewage treatment planning should be based on the level and goal of urban development, and be connected with various special plans. The construction of the new district shall be divided into rain and sewage, and the reconstruction of the old district and the road construction shall be combined with rain and sewage. Second, the prevention and control of urban water pollution and the promotion of comprehensive utilization of resources are equally important. Use buildings, parking lots, squares, etc. Build rainwater collection and utilization facilities to encourage sewage recycling. Third, we should consider both drainage management and safe operation of facilities. Standardize the discharge behavior of rainwater and sewage, strengthen the maintenance and protection of facilities, and ensure the safe operation of facilities and urban public safety. The fourth is to establish an early warning, consultation and linkage mechanism for waterlogging prevention and control, and strictly control responsibility. Local governments organize the preparation of emergency plans, make overall arrangements for drainage materials, strengthen the management of waterlogging-prone points, and do a good job in the prevention and control of waterlogging. The fifth is to clarify regulatory responsibilities and strengthen accountability. In accordance with the principle that the power must be responsible, strengthen the supervision responsibility of the government and its relevant departments, and investigate the responsibility for failing to perform the supervision responsibility. Sixth, do a good job of connecting with flood control laws, flood control regulations and river management regulations. Local governments strengthen the construction and renovation of facilities, give full play to the flood discharge capacity of rivers, and take dredging measures to ensure smooth drainage; The flood control headquarters should strengthen the inspection of waterlogging-prone points and eliminate dangerous situations in time.
Measures to ensure government investment and attract social funds
The Opinions on Strengthening Urban Infrastructure Construction issued by the State Council in September, 20 13 put forward that on the basis of ensuring government investment, we should give full play to the role of market mechanism, promote the reform of investment and financing system and operation mechanism, establish an urban infrastructure investment and financing system with reasonable division of labor between government and market, and encourage social funds to participate in urban infrastructure construction. In order to ensure government investment, the regulations explicitly require local people's governments at or above the county level to increase investment in the construction and maintenance of urban drainage and sewage treatment facilities according to the requirements of urban drainage and sewage treatment planning. At the same time, it also stipulates that the state encourages social funds to participate in the investment, construction and operation of urban drainage and sewage treatment facilities in the form of franchising and government purchase of services, so as to give full play to the role of market mechanism.
System for solving waterlogging disasters such as urban water accumulation
In view of the urban waterlogging disaster, the "Regulations" stipulated a series of institutional measures. First, regulations are made from the planning level, requiring cities and towns prone to waterlogging to prepare special plans for urban waterlogging prevention and control, and incorporate them into urban drainage and sewage treatment plans within their respective administrative areas. When making a special plan for urban waterlogging prevention and control, we should reasonably determine the objectives and requirements of waterlogging prevention and control according to factors such as urban population and scale, rainfall law, and waterlogging risk in rainstorm, make full use of natural ecology, and improve rainwater storage and drainage capacity. Second, it is stipulated that municipal infrastructure projects should support the construction of rainwater collection and utilization facilities and increase the retention capacity of green space and permeable pavement for rainwater; The construction of new areas and the reconstruction of old areas shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of rainwater runoff control. Third, local governments are required to organize relevant departments and units to prepare emergency plans, establish early warning, consultation and linkage mechanisms for waterlogging prevention and control, make overall arrangements for drainage materials, strengthen the management of waterlogging-prone points, and do a good job in waterlogging prevention and control; Strengthen the construction and renovation of facilities, give full play to the flood discharge capacity of rivers, and take dredging measures to ensure smooth drainage; During the flood season, the flood control headquarters should strengthen the inspection of waterlogging-prone points and eliminate dangerous situations in time.
Institutional measures for facility construction
Scientific and reasonable planning is an important guarantee to effectively guide the construction of urban drainage and sewage treatment facilities. Therefore, the regulations attach great importance to the leading and controlling role of planning, strictly follow the principle of "planning before construction" and make special provisions on "planning and construction". First, it is stipulated that the housing and urban-rural construction department of the State Council will work with the relevant departments of the State Council to prepare the national urban drainage and sewage treatment plan; The competent department of urban drainage of the local government shall, jointly with the relevant departments, formulate the urban drainage and sewage treatment plan of the administrative region according to the local economic and social development level and geographical and climatic characteristics, and clarify the procedures for approval and revision of the plan. Second, according to the principle of overall planning and supporting construction, local governments are explicitly required to reasonably determine the construction standards of urban drainage and sewage treatment facilities according to the planning, and make overall arrangements for the construction and transformation of drainage and sewage treatment facilities such as pipe networks, pumping stations, sewage treatment plants, sludge treatment and disposal, and rainwater storage and discharge. Third, it is stipulated that the land for facilities construction determined by urban drainage and sewage treatment planning shall not be changed without authorization; The development and construction of new urban areas should give priority to the construction of drainage and sewage treatment facilities in accordance with the construction schedule determined by the plan. Fourth, it is stipulated that construction projects should be newly built, rebuilt and expanded, and the construction unit should build a drainage connection pipe network as required. Fifth, it is stipulated that after the construction of urban drainage and sewage treatment facilities is completed, the construction unit shall organize the completion acceptance according to law. Only after the completion acceptance is qualified can it be delivered for use.
Provisions on strengthening the maintenance and protection of manhole covers and other facilities
In order to strengthen the management of manhole covers and other facilities, the regulations have made four provisions: First, manhole covers on motor vehicles should be built according to regulations, and their bearing capacity and stability should meet relevant requirements. Second, the manhole cover should have anti-falling and anti-theft functions to meet the structural strength requirements. Third, the maintenance and operation units of urban drainage and sewage treatment facilities should strengthen daily inspections, repairs and maintenance. Fourth, those engaged in pipe network maintenance should arrange special personnel to carry out on-site safety management, set up eye-catching warning signs, take effective measures to avoid falling personnel and vehicles, and restore the manhole cover in time.
Strengthen the management regulations on rainwater and sewage discharge.
Strengthening the management of rainwater and sewage discharge is an important guarantee to ensure smooth drainage, safety of facilities and urban public safety, and also an important means to ensure the discharge of urban sewage up to standard and prevent water pollution. The regulations stipulate this from two aspects: First, strengthen the management of rainwater discharge. The local government shall establish a geographic information system for drainage facilities, and the drainage department shall, according to the requirements of the special plan for the prevention and control of urban waterlogging, determine the standards for the construction of rainwater collection and utilization facilities to ensure smooth rainwater drainage; Rain and sewage diversion areas shall not discharge sewage into the rainwater pipe network. The second is to strengthen sewage management. Drainage units and individuals within the coverage of urban drainage facilities shall discharge sewage into urban drainage facilities in accordance with relevant state regulations. Sewage discharged by enterprises, institutions and individual industrial and commercial households engaged in industrial, construction, catering and medical activities shall be pretreated to meet relevant requirements, and drainage monitoring institutions shall monitor the water quality and quantity of discharged sewage. At the same time, the regulations also stipulate the corresponding legal responsibilities for illegal discharge.
Institutional measures to ensure safe treatment and disposal of sludge
In order to solve the problems existing in the current practice, such as low sludge harmless treatment rate, few reasonable and effective utilization ways, and secondary pollution caused by random disposal, the Regulations clearly stipulate that urban sewage treatment facilities maintenance and operation units or sludge treatment and disposal units should safely treat and dispose of sludge, ensure that the treated sludge meets the relevant national standards, track and record the whereabouts, uses and dosage of generated sludge and treated sludge, and report to the drainage department and the environmental protection department. No unit or individual is allowed to dump, pile up, discard or scatter sludge without authorization. At the same time, the regulations also stipulate corresponding legal responsibilities for illegal treatment and disposal of sludge.
Provisions on promoting the recycling of sewage
Urban sewage reuse is an important way to promote urban water saving and emission reduction and improve the living environment. The State Council's Opinions on Strengthening Urban Infrastructure Construction, released in September, 20 13, puts forward that by 20 15, the water utilization rate of urban sewage treatment facilities will reach more than 20%. In order to promote the recycling of sewage, the regulations stipulate the following six aspects: First, the government at or above the county level is required to encourage and support scientific and technological research on urban drainage and sewage treatment, popularize and apply advanced and applicable technologies and processes, and promote the recycling of sewage. Second, sewage treatment and reuse is an important part of local urban drainage and sewage treatment planning. The third is to stipulate that local governments should make overall arrangements for the construction and renovation of facilities such as reclaimed water utilization in accordance with the plan. The fourth is to stipulate that the state encourages sewage treatment and recycling, and industrial production, urban greening, road cleaning, vehicle washing, building construction and ecological landscape should give priority to the use of reclaimed water. Fifth, it is stipulated that local governments should reasonably determine the scale of reclaimed water utilization and formulate safeguard measures to promote the utilization of reclaimed water according to the local water resources and water environment conditions. Sixth, reclaimed water should be included in the unified allocation of water resources, and the water administrative departments of local governments should strengthen guidance according to law.