Logistics has been accompanied by the history of human development and evolution, the modern stagecoach is for the notification of the official documents and military mission report of the premises, for the people or officials en route to provide food and lodging, change the occasion of the horse. The history of Chinese postal station is more than 3,000 years long, and Confucius once said: the prevalence of morality is faster than the postal order (the prevalence of morality is faster than the rate of postal order). The carts used to communicate documents were called transmissions, the horses used were called stages, and those on foot were called mails, and these were collectively known as setups.

One

After Qin Shi Huang united China, he used all the manpower and material resources of the world to build two defense projects of enormous scope. One is the construction of the Great Wall, used to resist the prior southern nomad Huns; the second is the construction of the "rule straight (road), Chidao", using the original road of the Warring States period countries, to the same, connected to, expanded into. Supporting equipment used to inform the military, Shaanxi Province, commonly known as the "emperor road", "saints strip". Historical records, Qin Zhidao up to 60 meters wide (equivalent to the current 20 lanes).

Most of the postal distance is 25 kilometers, is an adult day can go back and forth interval. In the Qin Dynasty, "ten miles to a pavilion" was the main administrative structure below the township to maintain law and order, and Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, was now the head of the pavilion in Surabaya. During the Han Dynasty, the postal service was changed to a post, which was delivered on foot to a horseback courier, and the rule was "30 miles to a post". Western Han Dynasty official letter "Ben life book" (a bit like a chicken feather letter) from Jincheng notification to Chang'an, round-trip only used seven days time. Jincheng in today's Gansu Yongjing southeast, about 720 kilometers away from Xi'an, it can be seen every day at most to go more than 400 miles. The Han Dynasty also gradually transmitted a single official letter of military intelligence "post", revolutionized both the welcome to the passing officials and special envoys function of the catering and lodging institutions "post station". Li Shangyin has a piece of "chip pen post", chip pen post is Zhuge Liang's northern expedition stationed. "In vain, the general wielded the pen, and finally saw the king walk pass car", said Liu Zen is sitting in the mail car north to defect to Cao Wei.

Two

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, because of the excavation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which made transportation accessible and amphibious more convenient. Envoys and officials from various countries and public service exchanges are frequent, changing the stage for the pavilion, to emphasize its ushering function. In the Tang Dynasty, the world has 1643 post, dispose of the post task staff has more than 20,000 people. It had a fundamental express range. The post station needs post coupon, in the capital city by the door under the province issued, outside by the military state issued. Officials of different ranks enjoyed different remuneration, and the board and lodging provided by the post stations could not exceed three days. Officials above the fifth rank who traveled for private purposes were able to stay at the post, but they had to take care of their own cooking. In the Tang Dynasty, there were post and transmission, and the post was a daily trip of six posts, 180 miles away, and the transmission was a daily trip of four posts, 120 miles away. On the 9th day of the 11th month of the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rose up in mutiny at Fanyang. Tang Xuanzong was spilling his guts at Huaqing Palace. The two places are separated by three thousand miles, within six days Tang Xuanzong knew the news, the rate of communication reached 500 miles per day. In addition to the customary military reports, the fastest is the pardons, because of the straw man, so the day line ten post. Tang has begun to popularize the use of express delivery of aquatic products, fruits. Pingyuan County (now Shandong Province) on the tribute to the crab, according to the Tang Duan Cheng style "You Yang Miscellaneous Chopper" record, this kind of crab is caught in the area of the river, very valuable, in advance of a price of straight one hundred dollars. In order to ensure that it is alive, every year when the tribute is sealed with felt, bundled in the post instant courier to the capital. Du Mu's poem "a ride in the dust, no one knows it is lychee", Yang Guifei eat lychee is also through the post courier boy transmission to Changan.

The retired ones in various post offices were called "postman" and "postman", similar to the couriers nowadays, who ran on the post road gradually under the blazing sun, in the cold winter with the north wind, or in the surging rain, without exception, carrying the paper bag. The postal service is a very important part of the postal process. Tang law in the process of the postal process of all kinds of mistakes in the punishment, are rules in detail: stagecoach chief every year must be submitted to the death of the post horse barren, report the status of funds spent. If there is a post horse death, the postmaster as compensation; if the unauthorized reduction of post staff and horses, then "staff one hundred"; post ding arrived at the post, the need to change the horse more line, if not change the horse, then the staff eighty. If a postman arrives at the post and has to change horses, if he doesn't change horses, he will be given one hundred canes. If the document arrives one day late, the staff will be eighty, two days more, and so on, and the heaviest punishment will be two years' imprisonment. Generally speaking, the horsemen did not dare to plunder and steal the important documents of the postman, lest they should be killed by the officials. But the warring enemies often send agents en route to block spies, so often adopted to send soldiers to maintain or change the notification road and other types of methods. The delay of urgent military documents is very risky, to the crime plus three, the highest sentence of death by hanging. The Tang State History Supplement has recorded an official who served as the issuance of official letters, he disposed of a prisoner's paperwork from Hebei sent to Lingnan. The document should have been sent to both Hebei and Lingnan, but due to neglect during the night, it was sent only to Lingnan and not to Hebei. After the incident, this foreign minister was rewarded with removal from office.

Three

Once upon a time, in the Song Dynasty, a man of cloth served as a postman. In the second year of Emperor Jianlong of the Song Dynasty, he ordered that soldiers be used to replace cangzhi as servants. In the Song Dynasty, the postal vouchers were called "horse-carrying vouchers" and were issued by the Privy Council. In the early Song Dynasty, a hero named Li Fei ate, drank, and cheated with a fake ultimatum, which shook Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, Chengpingxingguo three years, changed to use the silver plate. Duan Gong two years, the invention of the silver plate is still troublesome, not less than not change back to use ultimatum. The Song Dynasty store specializing in informing the paperwork, eighteen miles to twenty-five miles between the establishment of a, there are step delivery, horse delivery, urgent foot delivery, Jin Zi plate urgent foot delivery. Yue Fei was the emperor even twelve gold medals, with the "gold plate urgent foot delivery", the book "imperial ink shall not enter the store", the meaning of such instruments are not less than in the delivery of the store to stop, almost to the delivery of the store when the bell ringing, store people hear the bell waiting at the store entrance, relay together with the bell! The first time I saw the fire, pedestrians look to avoid the road, day and night, 500 miles a day, but Yue Fei the bird is still not bird Song Gaozong.

The Song Dynasty hospitality and post office functions have been separated, hospitality called post house, post office called delivery store. Qin Guan's "Tapsa Xing? The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on some of the most popular products and services in the world, and you'll be able to do it all in one place. Before the Song Dynasty, handwritten letters were not sent through the official post. Song Taizong ordered, officials between distant relatives of the handwritten notes, can be accompanied by official documents together with the mail, but can only use the step delivery, and later changed into a rush foot delivery. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Golden State's post house is proportionally luxurious, Fan Chengda lived in the post house can eat pears, chestnuts, another wine.

Four

The Yuan Dynasty because of the vast border, coupled with horses and other military materials were severely controlled, the rapid foot delivery instead of the Song Dynasty step delivery, horse delivery was also canceled. Store soldiers walk delivery, to hanging bell, holding a gun, holding a raincoat, holding a torch at night, the road of the car and horse heard the bell to avoid to the side of the road. Each store soldiers run ten miles. Ming Dynasty, in addition to the old Shenyang to Lushun post, in addition to the branch line of the road are set up on the post and transportation, handled by the local guards. The secondary obligation is to advance the state's munitions, tributes and gifts, adopting the method of fixed point and relay. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that non-military and state affairs, not less than the unauthorized use of post horses and postal equipment. Significantly, his two extra horse harnessed by the side of a team led the offense. Extra horse harnessed by the side of a team Guo Zhen from Liaodong back to the capital, using the post conveyor belt with three cylinders of hazelnuts, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to make up the freight charges, and posted a list of expressly prohibited. Another extra horse harnessed by the side of a team of horse harnessed by the side of a team, Ouyang Lun, with the stagecoach private transportation of tea, Zhu Yuanzhang indirectly put suicide. Zhengde years, the temple often to the post blackmail post silver, Hai Rui and other people extremely dissatisfied. Zhang Juzheng changes to the post, whether it is a son back home to take the imperial examinations, or I go home to my father to do the murder, are not using the post, complete travel at public expense, but sitting in the 32 people carry a large marsupial. The end of the Ming Chongzhen emperor to reduce expenditure, the minister initiated the abandonment of the post, resulting in a small number of post office staff idle, Li Zicheng thus idle, and then simply reveal the rebel self-employment "to eat his mother, drink his mother, the king of the intruder to come without food" (prior to the slogan of the rebel).

The postal system of the Qing Dynasty consisted of six arrangements: post, station, pond, platform, store, collectively known as post. The rate of postal transportation reached 600 miles a day, with 2,000 post stations in the world, more than 70,000 postmen, 14,000 delivery stores, and 40,000 store soldiers. Xianfeng years, Feng Guifen initiative to follow the example of the Orient, the establishment of the post office. 1878 August 15, the Qing dynasty authorities Customs trial postal, the first issue of China's first set of stamps - Dragon stamps, this set of stamps **** 3, the main picture is the meaning of the Qing dynasty royal family - the cloud dragon, any one of these stamps is the first set of stamps. Yunlong, any one of these stamps now single to get on the market can also be easily exchanged for a set of houses in the north, see its significance is special. 1913, the Beiyang authorities promulgated, the world stagecoach station eliminated, the ruins also faded in people's images.

Looking tired of it, to a joke to make you happy happy:

Pre-meal prayer

Song's wife and husband at home feast, before the meal she ordered her five-year-old son to do pre-meal prayer.　　"But I don't know what prayer to say!"　　"You just have to say something I've said!"　　So the little boy obediently bowed his head, "Ah! God! Why do I have to treat myself on a hot day like this, it's annoying!!!"